Viktor Frankl wrote that the last of the human freedoms is “to choose one’s attitude in any given set of circumstances.” But when we're going through challenges, our emotions show up automatically, so what can we actually choose?

In this episode, Carly draws on Frankl’s Man’s Search for Meaning and Morita Therapy to explore what choosing our attitude looks like in practice. We can’t choose our first reaction. We can choose what we do next.

Carly is a counsellor and coach who specialises in building psychological hardiness, which is the ability to navigate challenge, stay engaged, and take meaningful action under pressure. Her work integrates modern psychology with Eastern and Stoic approaches, helping people build resilience, live with purpose, and respond to life’s challenges with greater clarity, courage and steadiness.

Viktor Frankl wrote that the last of the human freedoms is &ldquo;to choose one&rsquo;s attitude in any given set of circumstances.&rdquo; But when we're going through challenges, our emotions show up automatically, so what can we actually choose?
In this episode, Carly draws on Frankl&rsquo;s Man&rsquo;s Search for Meaning and Morita Therapy to explore what choosing our attitude looks like in practice. We can&rsquo;t choose our first reaction. We can choose what we do next.
Carly is a counsellor and coach who specialises in building psychological hardiness, which is the ability to navigate challenge, stay engaged, and take meaningful action under pressure. Her work integrates modern psychology with Eastern and Stoic approaches, helping people build resilience, live with purpose, and respond to life&rsquo;s challenges with greater clarity, courage and steadiness.

Host Dr Paul Taylor, a Psychophysiologist, Neuroscientist, Exercise Scientist, and Nutritionist interviews experts from around the world on cutting edge research and practices related to improving hardiness in your mind, body and brain to become your best self.

Host Dr Paul Taylor, a Psychophysiologist, Neuroscientist, Exercise Scientist, and Nutritionist interviews experts from around the world on cutting edge research and practices related to improving hardiness in your mind, body and brain to become your best self.

Hardiness with Dr Paul Taylor

Host Dr Paul Taylor, a Psychophysiologist, Neuroscientist, Exercise Scientist, and Nutritionist interviews experts from around the world on cutting edge research and practices related to improving hardiness in your mind, body and brain to become your best self. 

Host Dr Paul Taylor, a Psychophysiologist, Neuroscientist, Exercise Scientist, and Nutritionist interviews experts from around the world on cutting edge research and practices related to improving hardiness in your mind, body and brain to become your best self.&nbsp;

Can We Really Choose Our Attitude?

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/2fb3740d-3436-44af-8cc0-a91900716aa5/clips/8ed74f6e-cd80-4190-8f3e-b4f4016caece/transcript

In this episode, Dr Paul Taylor talks with integrative practitioner Dr Christobelle Yeoh about protecting cognitive health. They start with the rise of early cognitive decline, brain fog and stress, including during menopause. Dr Yeoh's central idea is that thinking depends on the body. Cognition rests on the lower-order systems that feed the brainstem: the gut, vascular tone, blood chemistry, breathing and the cranial nerves that read signals of safety. They explain how chronic stress and the brain's constant threat prediction affect it. They also cover why top-down approaches like CBT work best alongside bottom-up, body-based ones. The second half is practical. They look at common mismatches and what to do about them: get morning sunlight and keep a circadian rhythm, eat at regular times in daylight hours and prioritise protein and whole foods, and fix the basics before relying on supplements such as DHA, creatine and ubiquinol. They also cover CO₂-tolerance breathing, and movement that challenges balance and coordination to support neuroplasticity.

Key takeaways
Brain and body are not separate. Cognition depends on the health of the body's regulation systems.
Get outside for morning light soon after waking, and top up with light through the day.
Eat in daylight hours, include protein early, favour seasonal whole foods, and cut ultra-processed food.
Sort out the basics (light, food, sleep, hydration) before relying on supplements.
Combine top-down tools like CBT and ACT with bottom-up work like breathing, movement and gut health.
Choose movement that challenges balance and coordination, such as boxing combinations, dancing or crawling.
Start gently with breathwork. CO₂ tolerance practice is a safe place to begin, and cathartic breathwork needs guidance.

Time Stamps

0:59 Why cognitive health matters, with dementia now overtaking cardiovascular disease in Australia                                                                                                                                               1:34 What's going on: brain fog, early cognitive decline (MCI), and stress in menopause              4:02 Is getting more forgetful in your 40s, 50s and 60s a warning sign?                                        5:35 Reframing cognition as an emergent property of whole-system regulation                            10:52 Chronic stress, the brain as a prediction engine, and early-life influences                          17:20 Five key inputs to the brainstem: cranial nerves, gut, vascular tone, blood pH/redox, and breathing                                                                                                                                        21:59 Threat vs challenge stress appraisal, and cortisol vs adrenaline                                             24:48 Top-down (CBT, ACT) and bottom-up (body-based) approaches, and neuroplasticity                27:23 Functional brain networks, and why complex, cross-body movement matters                          31:52 The big mismatches: circadian biology, supplements before fundamentals, cell membrane and bioelectricity, CO₂ tolerance, and psychology without physiology                                                  40:31 Circadian basics: morning sunlight, "clocking in" with the sun, ditching sunglasses                    43:30 Red and near-infrared light, and light-based therapy for neurodegenerative conditions              47:07 Food timing, protein and the protein leverage idea, seasonal eating, leptin and insulin resistance                                                                                                                                              51:54 Supplements: DHA, phospholipids, organ meats and liver capsules, electrolytes and minerals                                                                                                                                                54:09 Creatine and hydration, including the dehydration and cortisol study                                   57:14 Ubiquinol: dosing and its role in the electron transport chain                                                 58:31 Urolithin A, B vitamins, and matching supplements to the person                                    1:00:12 Breathing: CO₂ tolerance and Buteyko-style training vs cathartic and holotropic breathwork  1:05:23 Psychology–physiology mismatch: somatic work, vitamin D, creatine and psychotherapy

Mentioned in this episode

Dr Dale Bredesen's work on reversing cognitive decline
UCLA Health: news release on the original 2014 study. The paper was “Reversal of cognitive decline: A novel therapeutic program” (UCLA/Buck Institute, 2014). 
ScienceDaily: the 2016 follow-up study. It used quantitative MRI and neuropsychological testing before and after the program, following a protocol called ‘metabolic enhancement for neurodegeneration’.

Dr Stephen Porges (polyvagal theory and neuroception)
stephenporges.com: official site and timeline. The first paper describing the theory was Porges (1995), “Orienting in a defensive world,” published in Psychophysiology.

Prof. Mark Seery (challenge and threat appraisal)
Seery’s lab publications, University at Buffalo. The two key papers are Seery (2013), “The biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat: Using the heart to measure the mind,” and Seery (2011), “Challenge or threat? Cardiovascular indexes of resilience and vulnerability to potential stress in humans”

Dr Konstantin Buteyko and Patrick McKeown (CO₂ tolerance breathing)
Oxygen Advantage: how to measure your BOLT score
Oxygen Advantage: McKeown on breath-holding and the science behind it
Buteyko Clinic International podcast. McKeown founded the clinic in 2002

Dr Rosalba Courtney (breath and healing)
rosalbacourtney.com

The Human Connectome Project
humanconnectome.org

Previous episode with Dr Yeoh on mitochondria
Omny – Part 1 - Why You Need To Be A MITOchondriac Part 1 with Dr. Christabelle Yeoh
Omny – Part 2 - Why You Need to be A MITOchondriac Part 2 with Dr. Christabelle Yeoh

Resourses:

Next Practice Genbiome, Sydney (genbiome.nextpracticehealth.com)

Mitocore, Sydney (mitocore.com.au)

This episode is for general education and isn't personal medical advice. Speak with a qualified practitioner before changing your health routine or starting supplements.

In this episode, Dr Paul Taylor talks with integrative practitioner Dr Christobelle Yeoh about protecting cognitive health. They start with the rise of early cognitive decline, brain fog and stress, including during menopause. Dr Yeoh's central idea is that thinking depends on the body. Cognition rests on the lower-order systems that feed the brainstem: the gut, vascular tone, blood chemistry, breathing and the cranial nerves that read signals of safety. They explain how chronic stress and the brain's constant threat prediction affect it. They also cover why top-down approaches like CBT work best alongside bottom-up, body-based ones. The second half is practical. They look at common mismatches and what to do about them: get morning sunlight and keep a circadian rhythm, eat at regular times in daylight hours and prioritise protein and whole foods, and fix the basics before relying on supplements such as DHA, creatine and ubiquinol. They also cover CO₂-tolerance breathing, and movement that challenges balance and coordination to support neuroplasticity.
Key takeaways
<ul>
<li>Brain and body are not separate. Cognition depends on the health of the body's regulation systems.</li>
<li>Get outside for morning light soon after waking, and top up with light through the day.</li>
<li>Eat in daylight hours, include protein early, favour seasonal whole foods, and cut ultra-processed food.</li>
<li>Sort out the basics (light, food, sleep, hydration) before relying on supplements.</li>
<li>Combine top-down tools like CBT and ACT with bottom-up work like breathing, movement and gut health.</li>
<li>Choose movement that challenges balance and coordination, such as boxing combinations, dancing or crawling.</li>
<li>Start gently with breathwork. CO₂ tolerance practice is a safe place to begin, and cathartic breathwork needs guidance.</li>
</ul>
Time Stamps
0:59 Why cognitive health matters, with dementia now overtaking cardiovascular disease in Australia &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1:34 What's going on: brain fog, early cognitive decline (MCI), and stress in menopause&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4:02 Is getting more forgetful in your 40s, 50s and 60s a warning sign?&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5:35 Reframing cognition as an emergent property of whole-system regulation&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 10:52 Chronic stress, the brain as a prediction engine, and early-life influences&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 17:20 Five key inputs to the brainstem: cranial nerves, gut, vascular tone, blood pH/redox, and breathing&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 21:59 Threat vs challenge stress appraisal, and cortisol vs adrenaline &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 24:48 Top-down (CBT, ACT) and bottom-up (body-based) approaches, and neuroplasticity&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 27:23 Functional brain networks, and why complex, cross-body movement matters&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 31:52 The big mismatches: circadian biology, supplements before fundamentals, cell membrane and bioelectricity, CO₂ tolerance, and psychology without physiology&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 40:31 Circadian basics: morning sunlight, "clocking in" with the sun, ditching sunglasses&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 43:30 Red and near-infrared light, and light-based therapy for neurodegenerative conditions&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 47:07 Food timing, protein and the protein leverage idea, seasonal eating, leptin and insulin resistance&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 51:54 Supplements: DHA, phospholipids, organ meats and liver capsules, electrolytes and minerals&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 54:09 Creatine and hydration, including the dehydration and cortisol study &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 57:14 Ubiquinol: dosing and its role in the electron transport chain &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 58:31 Urolithin A, B vitamins, and matching supplements to the person&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1:00:12 Breathing: CO₂ tolerance and Buteyko-style training vs cathartic and holotropic breathwork&nbsp; 1:05:23 Psychology&ndash;physiology mismatch: somatic work, vitamin D, creatine and psychotherapy
Mentioned in this episode
Dr Dale Bredesen's work on reversing cognitive decline
<ul dir="ltr">
<li><a href="https://www.uclahealth.org/news/release/memory-loss-associated-with-alzheimers-reversed-for-first-time">UCLA Health: news release on the original 2014 study</a>. The paper was &ldquo;Reversal of cognitive decline: A novel therapeutic program&rdquo; (UCLA/Buck Institute, 2014).&nbsp;</li>
<li><a href="https://sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/06/160616071933.htm">ScienceDaily: the 2016 follow-up study</a>. It used quantitative MRI and neuropsychological testing before and after the program, following a protocol called &lsquo;metabolic enhancement for neurodegeneration&rsquo;.</li>
</ul>
Dr Stephen Porges (polyvagal theory and neuroception)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://stephenporges.com/about">stephenporges.com: official site and timeline</a>. The first paper describing the theory was Porges (1995), &ldquo;Orienting in a defensive world,&rdquo; published in Psychophysiology.</li>
</ul>
Prof. Mark Seery (challenge and threat appraisal)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://ubwp.buffalo.edu/spplab/publications/">Seery&rsquo;s lab publications, University at Buffalo</a>. The two key papers are Seery (2013), &ldquo;The biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat: Using the heart to measure the mind,&rdquo; and Seery (2011), &ldquo;Challenge or threat? Cardiovascular indexes of resilience and vulnerability to potential stress in humans&rdquo;</li>
</ul>
Dr Konstantin Buteyko and Patrick McKeown (CO₂ tolerance breathing)
<ul dir="ltr">
<li><a href="https://oxygenadvantage.com/blogs/science/measure-bolt">Oxygen Advantage: how to measure your BOLT score</a></li>
<li><a href="https://oxygenadvantage.com/?p=83984">Oxygen Advantage: McKeown on breath-holding and the science behind it</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.audible.co.uk/podcast/Buteyko-Clinic-International/B0DLWCNG7S">Buteyko Clinic International podcast</a>. McKeown founded the clinic in 2002</li>
</ul>
Dr Rosalba Courtney (breath and healing)
<ul>
<li><a href="https://rosalbacourtney.com/">rosalbacourtney.com</a></li>
</ul>
The Human Connectome Project
<ul>
<li><a href="https://humanconnectome.org/">humanconnectome.org</a></li>
</ul>
Previous episode with Dr Yeoh on mitochondria
<ul dir="ltr">
<li><a href="https://omny.fm/shows/the-mindbodybrain-project/why-you-need-to-be-a-mitochondria-part-1-with-dr-c">Omny &ndash; Part 1 - Why You Need To Be A MITOchondriac Part 1 with Dr. Christabelle Yeoh</a></li>
<li><a href="https://omny.fm/shows/the-mindbodybrain-project/why-you-need-to-be-obsessed-with-your-mitochondria">Omny &ndash; Part 2 - Why You Need to be A MITOchondriac Part 2 with Dr. Christabelle Yeoh</a></li>
</ul>
Resourses:
Next Practice Genbiome, Sydney (<a href="https://genbiome.nextpracticehealth.com/">genbiome.nextpracticehealth.com</a>)
Mitocore, Sydney <a href="https://www.mitocore.com.au/">(mitocore.com.au</a>)
This episode is for general education and isn't personal medical advice. Speak with a qualified practitioner before changing your health routine or starting supplements.

Your Brain Runs on Your Body: A Whole-Body Approach to Cognitive Health with Dr Christobelle Yeoh

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/2fb3740d-3436-44af-8cc0-a91900716aa5/clips/b2c6cc12-55dc-41b8-9a60-b4f2009e5938/transcript

Science just decided the best type of exercise training - and it's compelling: Wisdom Wednesdays

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/2fb3740d-3436-44af-8cc0-a91900716aa5/clips/aea86796-a450-4201-9b6a-b4f000a5aca2/transcript

Most of us spend a lot of time listening to the voice in our heads, especially when it turns negative. This week Carly looks at what happens when you start answering back instead.

She explores research by psychologist Ethan Kross showing that talking to yourself using “you” or your own name helps you perform better under stress and see challenges as less threatening. She also looks at how Marcus Aurelius used his private journal to coach himself.

In this episode:
Why we listen to our negative self-talk as if it’s the truth
How using your own name creates helpful distance
The sage and the gremlin
A simple way to coach yourself in the moment

Sources:
Martyn Lloyd-Jones, Spiritual Depression: Its Causes and Cure (1965)
Kross et al. (2014), “Self-talk as a regulatory mechanism: How you do it matters,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Moser et al. (2017), “Third-person self-talk facilitates emotion regulation without engaging cognitive control,” Scientific Reports
Ethan Kross, Chatter (2021)
Marcus Aurelius, Meditations

 

Most of us spend a lot of time listening to the voice in our heads, especially when it turns negative. This week Carly looks at what happens when you start answering back instead.
She explores research by psychologist Ethan Kross showing that talking to yourself using &ldquo;you&rdquo; or your own name helps you perform better under stress and see challenges as less threatening. She also looks at how Marcus Aurelius used his private journal to coach himself.
In this episode:
<ul dir="ltr">
<li>Why we listen to our negative self-talk as if it&rsquo;s the truth</li>
<li>How using your own name creates helpful distance</li>
<li>The sage and the gremlin</li>
<li>A simple way to coach yourself in the moment</li>
</ul>
Sources:
<ul dir="ltr">
<li>Martyn Lloyd-Jones, Spiritual Depression: Its Causes and Cure (1965)</li>
<li>Kross et al. (2014), &ldquo;Self-talk as a regulatory mechanism: How you do it matters,&rdquo; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology</li>
<li>Moser et al. (2017), &ldquo;Third-person self-talk facilitates emotion regulation without engaging cognitive control,&rdquo; Scientific Reports</li>
<li>Ethan Kross, Chatter (2021)</li>
<li>Marcus Aurelius, Meditations</li>
</ul>
&nbsp;

Your Inner Coach With Carly Taylor

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/2fb3740d-3436-44af-8cc0-a91900716aa5/clips/b66cce03-a6b9-434b-a39e-b4eb003bca51/transcript

Can We Really Choose Our Attitude?

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Hardiness with Dr Paul Taylor

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