Mike and Al address how taxes often surprise retirees even if they expect a lower tax bill, things like required minimum distributions, Social Security income, and investment income can push them into higher brackets. They walk through tactics to manage that outcome (e.g., converting traditional IRAs to Roths strategically, timing capital-gain realization, and balancing tax-efficient account placement). Listener calls bring real-life questions such as the viability of the 4% withdrawal “rule”, trade-offs between 401(k)/403(b)/457 plan rollovers, and behavioral issues around spending vs saving in retirement. The takeaway: tax planning is integral to retirement income strategy - not an after-thought - and being proactive with taxes can significantly impact how much of your money you actually keep.