Iran has witnessed sustained and recurring waves of anti-government protests over the past two decades, with the most recent demonstrations underscoring the depth of the country’s political, economic, and social crises. While each cycle of unrest has been triggered by specific events, the protests collectively reflect widespread dissatisfaction with governance, economic decline, systemic corruption, and restrictions on political, social, and personal freedoms.  Mbuyiseni Ndlozi is in conversation with International Relations Expert and Director at RiskRecon, Dr Kingsley Makhubela.