Women of Controversy: Marion Hammer

Marion Hammer (1939 - present) is the first woman to be president of the National Rifle Association. She served as one of Florida’s most dogged and influential NRA lobbyists. She expanded the political power of the NRA and has been behind laws such as Conceal and Carry and Stand Your Ground.  For …

Women of Controversy: Marie C. Bolden

Marie C. Bolden (1894-1981) was the winner of the first-ever national spelling bee in 1908. As a Black student competing against segregated schools, her victory was an important but largely forgotten moment in history. For Further Reading: NPR: When she won the first national spelling bee, Marie C…

Women of Controversy: Linda Tripp

Linda Tripp (1949-2020) was an American civil servant who illegally recorded conversations with Monica Lewinsky about her affair with President Bill Clinton. She testified regarding the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal and her role in exposing it before largely withdrawing from the public eye. For Further…

Women of Controversy: Julia Pastrana

Julia Pastrana (1834-1859) was a 19th century performer often referred to as the “Ape Woman.” She was born with hypertrichosis and gingival hyperplasia, and her physical appearance led her to become a popular attraction at circuses. The dehumanizing language used to promote her act encapsulates the…

Women of Controversy: Juana Barraza

Juana Barraza (1957 - present) is a Mexican amateur wrestler turned serial killer, known as "La Mataviejitas" ("The Old Lady Killer"). She was convicted of murdering elderly women in Mexico City between the late 1990s and 2006. Barraza was arrested in 2006 and sentenced to 759 years in prison for h…

Women of Controversy: Giulia Tofana

Giulia Tofana (c. 1620) was a 17th century Italian apothecary with a dark secret. Unhappily married women visited her shop in Rome to purchase her specially formulated, slow-acting poison. When their husbands mysteriously died of “sudden illnesses,” authorities struggled to trace the true cause of …

Women of Controversy: Freydris Eriksdotter

 Freydis Eriksdotter was a Viking explorer and sister to Leif Erikson. She is mentioned in the two quasi-historical, Nordic texts: The Saga of the Greenlanders and Eirik the Red’s Saga. In both texts, Freydis set sail and explored the new land.  For Further Reading:  Women in the Viking World The …

Women of Controversy: Ethel Rosenberg

Ethel Rosenberg (1915-1953) was an American citizen executed for alleged Soviet espionage during the Cold War. She and her husband, Julius, were convicted of couriering top-secret information about American technology, including nuclear weapon designs, to the Soviets. Their case was hotly debated a…

Women of Controversy: Dorothy Dandridge

Dorothy Dandridge (1922-1965) was an actress best known for the films Carmen Jones, Island in the Sun, and Bright Road. She was the first Black woman to be nominated for the Best Actress Academy Award. Her autobiography, Everything and Nothing: The Dorothy Dandridge Tragedy, is a testimonial to the…

Women of Controversy: Catherine de’ Medici

Catherine de’ Medici (1519-1589) ruled France for decades, whether through her husband or her sons. Her attempts to create peace during the French wars of religion were futile– and, ultimately, undercut by her own reputation as the “Serpent Queen” and the possible conspirator behind the St. Barthol…