Sarit Zehavi (Col ret), one of the architects of the IDF’s civilian-warning and collateral-damage procedures, delivers a powerful rebuttal to the documentary Naza. She argues that the filmmakers fundamentally misrepresented the meaning of a “collateral damage estimate”. It is not an authorisation to kill civilians, but a warning that triggers an extensive system of intelligence officers, lawyers, operational commanders and technology experts who issue evacuation notices, more precise weapons, higher-level approval, or cancellation of the strike altogether. We also explore how the situation in Lebanon and Syria is reshaping Israel military and diplomatic strategy.