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The Water Analogy for the Trinity and the Heresy of Sabellianism (Father Simon Says)

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On Father Simon Says, a listener named Neil writes in about the Trinity, sharing a preacher’s clever line: as water can be solid, liquid, or gas, so one God can be three Persons. Fr. Richard Simon isn’t convinced. He says that image sounds like Sabellianism, the old idea that God is one divine substance who simply shows up in different “modes” as Father, Son, or Holy Spirit.

The problem, he explains, is that this makes the Trinity feel like costume changes instead of three persons in one, true, all-powerful God. In Sabellianism, there are no enduring divine Persons — only one God who seems to switch between Father, Son, and Spirit. But Fr. Simon insists that God is a genuine Trinity: three distinct Persons in one God, equal in divinity yet truly distinct. The Father loves the Son infinitely, the Son loves the Father infinitely, and that love is the Holy Spirit.

That’s why he links the filioque, the belief that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son, to the perfect equality and unity within the Trinity. If the Spirit proceeded only from the Father or only from the Son, he argues, that relationship would be uneven. Instead, even when Jesus walked the earth, He was in constant dialogue with the Father and breathed the Holy Spirit on the disciples. “This is not an easy thing for us to understand,” he admits, yet it flows from one claim: God is love, and real love means real Persons.


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