The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters became the first African-American labor union to be recognized by the American Federation of Labor. What started as a campaign for more money and better treatment became an important force for social change.

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The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters became the first African-American labor union to be recognized by the American Federation of Labor. What started as a campaign for more money and better treatment became an important force for social change. Learn more about your ad-choices at <a href="https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com">https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com</a>

Join Holly and Tracy as they bring you the greatest and strangest Stuff You Missed In History Class in this podcast by iHeartRadio.

Stuff You Missed in History Class

The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters became the first African-American labor union to be recognized by the American Federation of Labor. What started as a campaign for more money and better treatment became an important force for social change.

The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/69c27e4f-ea9e-4f3a-ac56-ae28007c70b0/transcript

The use of stimulants during WWII is no secret, but in the last decade, there has been a lot of discussion and analysis of it. Just how significant was drug use in Nazi Germany, and how did the Allies compare?

Research:
Ackermann, Paul. “Les soldats nazis dopés à la méthamphétamine pour rester concentrés.” HuffPost France. June 4, 2013. https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/actualites/article/les-soldats-nazis-dopes-a-la-methamphetamine-pour-rester-concentres_19714.html
Andreas, Peter. “How Methamphetamine Became a Key Part of Nazi Military Strategy.” Time. Jan. 7, 2020. https://time.com/5752114/nazi-military-drugs/
Blakemore, Erin. “A Speedy History of America’s Addiction to Amphetamine.” Smithsonian. Oct. 27, 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/speedy-history-americas-addiction-amphetamine-180966989/
Boeck, Gisela, and Vera Koester. “Who Was the First to Synthesize Methamphetamine?” Chemistry Views. https://www.chemistryviews.org/9-who-first-synthesized-methamphetamine/ “Ephedra.” National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.” https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ephedra
Eghigian, Greg, PhD. “A Methamphetamine Dictatorship? Hitler, Nazi Germany, and Drug Abuse.” Psychiatric Times. June 23, 2016. https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/methamphetamine-dictatorship-hitler-nazi-germany-and-drug-abuse
Garber, Megan, “‘Pilot’s Salt’: The Third Reich Kept Its Soldiers Alert With Meth.” The Atlantic. May 31, 2013. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/05/pilots-salt-the-third-reich-kept-its-soldiers-alert-with-meth/276429/
Gifford, Bill. “The Scientific AmericanGuide to Cheating in the Olympics.” Scientific American. August 5, 2016. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-scientific-american-guide-to-cheating-in-the-olympics/
Gorvett, Zaria. “The Drug Pilots Take to Stay Awake.” BBC. March 14, 2024. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20240314-the-drug-pilots-take-to-stay-awake
Grinspoon, Lester. “The speed culture : amphetamine use and abuse in America.” Harvard University Press. 1975. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/speedcultureamph0000grin_n3i0/mode/1up
Gupta, Raghav et al. “Understanding the Influence of Parkinson Disease on Adolf Hitler's Decision-Making during World War II.” World Neurosurgery. Volume 84, Issue 5. 2015. Pages 1447-1452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2015.06.014.
Hurst, Fabienne. “The German Granddaddy of Crystal Meth.” Spiegel. Dec. 23, 2013. https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/crystal-meth-origins-link-back-to-nazi-germany-and-world-war-ii-a-901755.html
Isenberg, Madison. “Volksdrogen: The Third Reich Powered by Methamphetamine.” The Macksey Journal. University of Texas at Tyler. Volume 4, Article 21. 2023. https://scholarworks.uttyler.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=senior_projects
Laskow, Sarah. “Brewing Bad: The All-Natural Origins of Meth.” The Atlantic. Oct. 3, 2014. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/10/brewing-bad-the-all-natural-origins-of-meth/381045/
Lee, Ella. “Fact check: Cocaine in Coke? Soda once contained drug but likely much less than post claims.” USA Today. July 25, 2021. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/07/25/fact-check-coke-once-contained-cocaine-but-likely-less-than-claimed/8008325002/
Leite, Fagner Carvalho et al. “Curine, an alkaloid isolated from Chondrodendron platyphyllum inhibits prostaglandin E2 in experimental models of inflammation and pain.” Planta medica 80,13 (2014): 1072-8. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1382997
Meyer, Ulrich. “Fritz hauschild (1908-1974) and drug research in the 'German Democratic Republic' (GDR).” Die Pharmazie 60 6 (2005): 468-72.
Natale, Fabian. “Pervitin: how drugs transformed warfare in 1939-45.” Security Distillery. May 6, 2020. https://thesecuritydistillery.org/all-articles/pervitin-how-drugs-transformed-warfare-in-1939-45
Ohler, Norman. “Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich.” Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2017.
Rasmussen, Nicolas. “Medical Science and the Military: The Allies’ Use of Amphetamine during World War II.” The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, vol. 42, no. 2, 2011, pp. 205–33. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41291190
“Reich Minister of Health Dr. Leonardo Conti Speaks with Hitler’s Personal Physician, Dr. Karl Brandt (August 1, 1942).” German History in Documents and Images. https://germanhistorydocs.org/en/nazi-germany-1933-1945/reich-minister-of-health-dr-leonardo-conti-speaks-with-hitler-s-personal-physician-dr-karl-brandt-august-1-1942
Schwarcz, Joe. “The Right Chemistry: Once a weapon, methamphetamine is now a target.” Oct. 1, 2021. https://montrealgazette.com/opinion/columnists/the-right-chemistry-once-a-weapon-methamphetamine-is-now-a-target
Snelders, Stephen and Toine Pieters. “Speed in the Third Reich: Metamphetamine (Pervitin) Use and a Drug History From Below.” Social History of Medicine. Volume 24, Issue 3. December 2011. Pages 686–699. https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkq101
“Stimulant Pervitin.” Deutschland Museum. https://www.deutschlandmuseum.de/en/collection/stimulant-pervitin/
Tinsley, Grant. “Ephedra (Ma Huang): Weight Loss, Dangers, and Legal Status.” Helthline. March 14, 2019. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/ephedra-sinica

The use of stimulants during WWII is no secret, but in the last decade, there has been a lot of discussion and analysis of it. Just how significant was drug use in Nazi Germany, and how did the Allies compare?
Research:
<ul>
<li>Ackermann, Paul. &ldquo;Les soldats nazis dop&eacute;s &agrave; la m&eacute;thamph&eacute;tamine pour rester concentr&eacute;s.&rdquo; HuffPost France. June 4, 2013. https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/actualites/article/les-soldats-nazis-dopes-a-la-methamphetamine-pour-rester-concentres_19714.html</li>
<li>Andreas, Peter. &ldquo;How Methamphetamine Became a Key Part of Nazi Military Strategy.&rdquo; Time. Jan. 7, 2020. https://time.com/5752114/nazi-military-drugs/</li>
<li>Blakemore, Erin. &ldquo;A Speedy History of America&rsquo;s Addiction to Amphetamine.&rdquo; Smithsonian. Oct. 27, 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/speedy-history-americas-addiction-amphetamine-180966989/</li>
<li>Boeck, Gisela, and Vera Koester. &ldquo;Who Was the First to Synthesize Methamphetamine?&rdquo; Chemistry Views. https://www.chemistryviews.org/9-who-first-synthesized-methamphetamine/ &ldquo;Ephedra.&rdquo; National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.&rdquo; https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ephedra</li>
<li>Eghigian, Greg, PhD. &ldquo;A Methamphetamine Dictatorship? Hitler, Nazi Germany, and Drug Abuse.&rdquo; Psychiatric Times. June 23, 2016. https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/methamphetamine-dictatorship-hitler-nazi-germany-and-drug-abuse</li>
<li>Garber, Megan, &ldquo;&lsquo;Pilot&rsquo;s Salt&rsquo;: The Third Reich Kept Its Soldiers Alert With Meth.&rdquo; The Atlantic. May 31, 2013. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/05/pilots-salt-the-third-reich-kept-its-soldiers-alert-with-meth/276429/</li>
<li>Gifford, Bill. &ldquo;The&nbsp;Scientific AmericanGuide to Cheating in the Olympics.&rdquo; Scientific American. August 5, 2016. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-scientific-american-guide-to-cheating-in-the-olympics/</li>
<li>Gorvett, Zaria. &ldquo;The Drug Pilots Take to Stay Awake.&rdquo; BBC. March 14, 2024. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20240314-the-drug-pilots-take-to-stay-awake</li>
<li>Grinspoon, Lester. &ldquo;The speed culture : amphetamine use and abuse in America.&rdquo; Harvard University Press. 1975. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/speedcultureamph0000grin_n3i0/mode/1up</li>
<li>Gupta, Raghav et al. &ldquo;Understanding the Influence of Parkinson Disease on Adolf Hitler's Decision-Making during World War II.&rdquo; World Neurosurgery. Volume 84, Issue 5. 2015. Pages 1447-1452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2015.06.014.</li>
<li>Hurst, Fabienne. &ldquo;The German Granddaddy of Crystal Meth.&rdquo; Spiegel. Dec. 23, 2013. https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/crystal-meth-origins-link-back-to-nazi-germany-and-world-war-ii-a-901755.html</li>
<li>Isenberg, Madison. &ldquo;Volksdrogen: The Third Reich Powered by Methamphetamine.&rdquo; The Macksey Journal. University of Texas at Tyler. Volume 4, Article 21. 2023. https://scholarworks.uttyler.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&amp;context=senior_projects</li>
<li>Laskow, Sarah. &ldquo;Brewing Bad: The All-Natural Origins of Meth.&rdquo; The Atlantic. Oct. 3, 2014. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/10/brewing-bad-the-all-natural-origins-of-meth/381045/</li>
<li>Lee, Ella. &ldquo;Fact check: Cocaine in Coke? Soda once contained drug but likely much less than post claims.&rdquo; USA Today. July 25, 2021. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/07/25/fact-check-coke-once-contained-cocaine-but-likely-less-than-claimed/8008325002/</li>
<li>Leite, Fagner Carvalho et al. &ldquo;Curine, an alkaloid isolated from Chondrodendron platyphyllum inhibits prostaglandin E2 in experimental models of inflammation and pain.&rdquo;&nbsp;Planta medica 80,13 (2014): 1072-8. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1382997</li>
<li>Meyer, Ulrich. &ldquo;Fritz hauschild (1908-1974) and drug research in the 'German Democratic Republic' (GDR).&rdquo;&nbsp;Die Pharmazie&nbsp;60 6 (2005): 468-72.</li>
<li>Natale, Fabian. &ldquo;Pervitin: how drugs transformed warfare in 1939-45.&rdquo; Security Distillery. May 6, 2020. https://thesecuritydistillery.org/all-articles/pervitin-how-drugs-transformed-warfare-in-1939-45</li>
<li>Ohler, Norman. &ldquo;Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich.&rdquo; Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2017.</li>
<li>Rasmussen, Nicolas. &ldquo;Medical Science and the Military: The Allies&rsquo; Use of Amphetamine during World War II.&rdquo;&nbsp;The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, vol. 42, no. 2, 2011, pp. 205&ndash;33.&nbsp;JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41291190</li>
<li>&ldquo;Reich Minister of Health Dr. Leonardo Conti Speaks with Hitler&rsquo;s Personal Physician, Dr. Karl Brandt (August 1, 1942).&rdquo; German History in Documents and Images. https://germanhistorydocs.org/en/nazi-germany-1933-1945/reich-minister-of-health-dr-leonardo-conti-speaks-with-hitler-s-personal-physician-dr-karl-brandt-august-1-1942</li>
<li>Schwarcz, Joe. &ldquo;The Right Chemistry: Once a weapon, methamphetamine is now a target.&rdquo; Oct. 1, 2021. https://montrealgazette.com/opinion/columnists/the-right-chemistry-once-a-weapon-methamphetamine-is-now-a-target</li>
<li>Snelders, Stephen and Toine Pieters. &ldquo;Speed in the Third Reich: Metamphetamine (Pervitin) Use and a Drug History From Below.&rdquo;&nbsp;Social History of Medicine. Volume 24, Issue 3. December 2011. Pages 686&ndash;699.&nbsp;https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkq101</li>
<li>&ldquo;Stimulant Pervitin.&rdquo; Deutschland Museum. https://www.deutschlandmuseum.de/en/collection/stimulant-pervitin/</li>
<li>Tinsley, Grant. &ldquo;Ephedra (Ma Huang): Weight Loss, Dangers, and Legal Status.&rdquo; Helthline. March 14, 2019. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/ephedra-sinica</li>
</ul>

The use of stimulants during WWII is no secret, but in the last decade, there has been a lot of discussion and analysis of it. Just how significant was drug use in Nazi Germany, and how did the Allies compare?

Benzedrine, Pervitin, and WWII

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/f7a6db0b-f8c3-4c14-bc4b-b3f30001a5f9/transcript

Part 1 of this 2020 two-parter covers background on the FBI and on the origins of its counterintelligence programs, as well as one specific operation, called COINTELPRO-White Hate.

Part 1 of this 2020 two-parter covers background on the FBI and on the origins of its counterintelligence programs, as well as one specific operation, called COINTELPRO-White Hate.

SYMHC Classics: COINTELPRO 1

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/a007cbe8-2d8b-4833-835b-b3f001828ae8/transcript

Tracy shares her desire to see the rest of the letter that was quoted in this week's episodes on Anthony Burns. Talk also turns to the fact that many of the things that are surprising people today are, in fact, precedented.

Tracy shares her desire to see the rest of the letter that was quoted in this week's episodes on Anthony Burns. Talk also turns to the fact that many of the things that are surprising people today are, in fact, precedented.

Behind the Scenes Minis: It's Not Unprecedented

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The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

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