A princess of the Sikh empire, Sophia Duleep Singh grew up in Great Britain, and was Queen Victoria's god daughter. But her childhood was not exactly a charmed one, and her family, caught between two worlds, experienced great upheaval and tragedy.

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A princess of the Sikh empire, Sophia Duleep Singh grew up in Great Britain, and was Queen Victoria's god daughter. But her childhood was not exactly a charmed one, and her family, caught between two worlds, experienced great upheaval and tragedy. Learn more about your ad-choices at <a href="https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com">https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com</a>

Join Holly and Tracy as they bring you the greatest and strangest Stuff You Missed In History Class in this podcast by iHeartRadio.

Stuff You Missed in History Class

A princess of the Sikh empire, Sophia Duleep Singh grew up in Great Britain, and was Queen Victoria's god daughter. But her childhood was not exactly a charmed one, and her family, caught between two worlds, experienced great upheaval and tragedy.

Sophia Duleep Singh, Part 1: Princess In Exile

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/04f58b92-f0ba-4754-aa5e-ae28006b73e9/transcript

The second part of the discussion of embroidery history covers blackwork and Opus Anglicanum, then embroidery samplers and beetle-wing embroidery.

Research:
Абильда, Айжан. “Scythians are creators of embroidery art.” Qazaqstan Tarihy. May 24, 2019. https://e-history.kz/en/news/show/7178#:~:text=Embroidery%20is%20a%20traditional%20East,a%20wedding%20or%20a%20party.
Angus, Jennifer. “Nature’s Sequins.” Cooper Hewitt. Sept. 14, 2018. https://www.cooperhewitt.org/2018/09/14/natures-sequins/
“The art of printing textile.” Musee de L’Impression sur Etoffes. https://www.musee-impression.com/en/the-collection/
Badshah, Nadeem. “Bayeux tapestry to be insured for £800m for British Museum exhibition.” The Guardian. Dec. 27. 2025. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/dec/27/bayeux-tapestry-to-be-insured-for-800m-for-british-museum-exhibition
“Bayeux Tapestry.” UNESCO. https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/bayeux-tapestry
“The Bayeux Tapestry.” La Tapisserie de Bayeux. Bayeux Museum. https://www.bayeuxmuseum.com/en/the-bayeux-tapestry/
Binswanger, Julia. “These Delicate Needles Made From Animal Bones May Have Helped Prehistoric Humans Sew Warm Winter Clothing.” Smithsonian. Dec. 11, 2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/these-delicate-needles-made-from-animal-bones-may-have-helped-prehistoric-humans-sew-warm-winter-clothing-180985601/
Britannica Editors. "Scythian art". Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 May. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/art/Scythian-art
“Chasuble (Opus Anglicanum).” The Met. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/466660
Chung, Young Yang. “Silken Threads: A History of Embroidery in China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.” Abrams. 2005.
Daniels, Margaret Harrington. “Early Pattern Books for Lace and Embroidery.” Bulletin of the Needle and Bobbin Club. https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/articles/nb33_lac.pdf
“DMC.” Textile Research Center Leiden. https://trc-leiden.nl/trc-needles/organisations-and-movements/companies/dmc
“Dragon Robe Decoded.” Sotheby’s. May 23, 2019. https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/dragon-robe-decoded
Embroiderers’ Guild. https://embroiderersguild.com/
Embroiderers’ Guild of America. https://egausa.org/
“Embroidery Techniques from Around the World: Crewel.” Embroiderer’ Guild of America. Oct. 28, 2024. https://egausa.org/embroidery-techniques-from-around-the-world-crewel/
Francfort, H.-P., 2020, “Scythians, Persians, Greeks and Horses: Reflections on Art, Culture Power and Empires in the Light of Frozen Burials and other Excavations”, in: , Londres, British Museum, p. 134-155. https://www.academia.edu/44417916/Francfort_H_P_2020_Scythians_Persians_Greeks_and_Horses_Reflections_on_Art_Culture_Power_and_Empires_in_the_Light_of_Frozen_Burials_and_other_Excavations_in_Londres_British_Museum_p_134_155
“Girlhood Embroidery.” Pilgrim Hall Museum. https://www.pilgrimhall.org/girlhood_embroidery.htm
Gower, John G., and G.C. Macaulay, ed. “The Complete Works of John Gower.” Clarendon Press. 1901. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/71162/71162-h/71162-h.htm#Page_1
“Introducing Opus Anglicanum.” Victoria and Albert Museum. https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/about-opus-anglicanum?srsltid=AfmBOor2pOTddjxaPC9AXHvvQuGXD4Tyx9N3zBeISzMSDHX1KnaUnfnL
“Introducing the Scythians.” British Museum. May 30, 2017. https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/introducing-scythians
Nazarova, Yevhenia. “Ukraine's Ancient 'River Guardians.'” Radio Free Europe. Oct. 17, 2021. https://www.rferl.org/a/scythian-dig-ukraine-river-guardians-discovery/31507187.html
"Ancient Peruvian Textiles." The Museum Journal XI, no. 3 (September, 1920): 140-147. Accessed December 22, 2025. https://www.penn.museum/sites/journal/843/
“Embroidery – a history of needlework samplers.” Victoria & Albery Museum. https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/embroidery-a-history-of-needlework-samplers
“History of The Broderers.” The Worshipful Company of Broderers. https://broderers.co.uk/history-broderers
“The History of Britain's Bayeux Tapestry.” Reading Museum. https://www.readingmuseum.org.uk/collections/britains-bayeux-tapestry/history-britains-bayeux-tapestry
Kennedy, Maev. “British Museum to go more than skin deep with Scythian exhibition.” The Guardian. May 30, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2017/may/30/british-museum-skin-scythian-exhibition-tattoo-empire
Lattanzio, Giaga. “Byzantine.” Fashion History Timeline. FITNYC. https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/byzantine/
Leslie, Catherine Amoroso. “Needlework Through History: An Encyclopedia.” Greenwood Press. 2007.
Libes, Kenna. “Beetle-Wing Embroidery in Nineteenth-Century Fashion.” Fashion History Timeline. FITNYC. https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/beetle-wing-19thcentury/
Liu Y, Li Y, Li X, Qin L. The origin and dispersal of the domesticated Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi, in China: a reconstruction based on ancient texts. J Insect Sci. 2010;10:180. doi: 10.1673/031.010.14140
“Mrs. Jacob Wendell (Mary Barrett, 1832–1912).” The New York Historical. https://emuseum.nyhistory.org/objects/68658/mrs-jacob-wendell-mary-barrett-18321912
Muntz, Eugene and Louisa J. Davis. “A short history of tapestry. From the earliest times to the end of the 18th century.” London. Cassel & Co. 1885. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofta00mntz/page/n3/mode/2up
Pohl, Benjamin. “Chewing over the Norman Conquest: the Bayeux Tapestryas monastic mealtime reading.” Historical Research. 2025. https://academic.oup.com/histres/advance-article/doi/10.1093/hisres/htaf029/8377922
Puiu, Tibi. “Pristine 2,300-year-old Scythian woman’s boot found in frozen Altai mountains.” ZME Science. Dec. 29, 2021. https://www.zmescience.com/science/scythian-boots-0532/
Razzall, Katie. “Bayeux Tapestry to return to UK on loan after 900 years.” BBC. July 8, 2025. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c14ev1z6d5go
Royal School of Needlework. https://royal-needlework.org.uk/
Salmony, Alfred. “The Archaeological Background of textile Production in Soviet Russia Territory.” The Bulletin of the Needle and Bobbin Club. Volume 26. No. 2. 1942. https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/periodicals/nb_42_2.pdf
“Sampler.” Victoria & Albert Museum. https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O46183/sampler-jane-bostocke/
Schӧnsperger, Johann. “Ein ney Furmbüchlein. 1525-1528. Met Museum Collection. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/354716
Schӧnsperger, Johann. “Ein new Modelbuch … “ 1524. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/354660
Shrader, Dustin. “Embroidery Through the Ages.” Impressions. July 28, 2023. https://impressionsmagazine.com/process-technique/embroidery-through-the-ages/39234/#:~:text=The%20Age%2DOld%20Beginning&text=We%20tend%20to%20typically%20think,to%20generation%20across%20the%20millennia.
“Silk Roads Programme.” UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/silkroad-interactive-map
Sons of Norway's Cultural Skills Program. “Unit 8: Hardanger Embroidery.” 2018. https://www.sofn.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/unit8hardanger_rev8.11.pdf
“Suzhou Embroidery.” Smithsonian National Museum of Asian Art.” https://asia-archive.si.edu/learn/for-educators/teaching-china-with-the-smithsonian/videos/suzhou-embroidery/
Teall, John L., Nicol, Donald MacGillivray. "Byzantine Empire". Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Dec. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/place/Byzantine-Empire
Warner, Pamela. “Embroidery: A History.” B.T. Bedford, Ltd. 1991.
Watt, James C. Y., and Anne E. Wardwell. “When Silk Was Gold: Central Asian and Chinese Textiles.” Metropolitan Museum of Art. Harry N. Abrams. New York. 1997. https://cdn.sanity.io/files/cctd4ker/production/d781d44d3048d49257072d610034400182246d3e.pdf
Watt, Melinda. “Textile Production in Europe: Embroidery, 1600–1800.” The Met. Oct. 1, 2003. https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/textile-production-in-europe-embroidery-1600-1800

The second part of the discussion of embroidery history covers blackwork and Opus Anglicanum, then embroidery samplers and beetle-wing embroidery.
Research:
<ul>
<li>Абильда, Айжан. &ldquo;Scythians are creators of embroidery art.&rdquo; Qazaqstan Tarihy. May 24, 2019. https://e-history.kz/en/news/show/7178#:~:text=Embroidery%20is%20a%20traditional%20East,a%20wedding%20or%20a%20party.</li>
<li>Angus, Jennifer. &ldquo;Nature&rsquo;s Sequins.&rdquo; Cooper Hewitt. Sept. 14, 2018. https://www.cooperhewitt.org/2018/09/14/natures-sequins/</li>
<li>&ldquo;The art of printing textile.&rdquo; Musee de L&rsquo;Impression sur Etoffes. https://www.musee-impression.com/en/the-collection/</li>
<li>Badshah, Nadeem. &ldquo;Bayeux tapestry to be insured for &pound;800m for British Museum exhibition.&rdquo; The Guardian. Dec. 27. 2025. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/dec/27/bayeux-tapestry-to-be-insured-for-800m-for-british-museum-exhibition</li>
<li>&ldquo;Bayeux Tapestry.&rdquo; UNESCO. https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/bayeux-tapestry</li>
<li>&ldquo;The Bayeux Tapestry.&rdquo; La Tapisserie de Bayeux. Bayeux Museum. https://www.bayeuxmuseum.com/en/the-bayeux-tapestry/</li>
<li>Binswanger, Julia. &ldquo;These Delicate Needles Made From Animal Bones May Have Helped Prehistoric Humans Sew Warm Winter Clothing.&rdquo; Smithsonian. Dec. 11, 2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/these-delicate-needles-made-from-animal-bones-may-have-helped-prehistoric-humans-sew-warm-winter-clothing-180985601/</li>
<li>Britannica Editors. "Scythian art".&nbsp;Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 May. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/art/Scythian-art</li>
<li>&ldquo;Chasuble (Opus Anglicanum).&rdquo; The Met. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/466660</li>
<li>Chung, Young Yang. &ldquo;Silken Threads: A History of Embroidery in China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.&rdquo; Abrams. 2005.</li>
<li>Daniels, Margaret Harrington. &ldquo;Early Pattern Books for Lace and Embroidery.&rdquo; Bulletin of the Needle and Bobbin Club. https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/articles/nb33_lac.pdf</li>
<li>&ldquo;DMC.&rdquo; Textile Research Center Leiden. https://trc-leiden.nl/trc-needles/organisations-and-movements/companies/dmc</li>
<li>&ldquo;Dragon Robe Decoded.&rdquo; Sotheby&rsquo;s. May 23, 2019. https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/dragon-robe-decoded</li>
<li>Embroiderers&rsquo; Guild. https://embroiderersguild.com/</li>
<li>Embroiderers&rsquo; Guild of America. https://egausa.org/</li>
<li>&ldquo;Embroidery Techniques from Around the World: Crewel.&rdquo; Embroiderer&rsquo; Guild of America. Oct. 28, 2024. https://egausa.org/embroidery-techniques-from-around-the-world-crewel/</li>
<li>Francfort, H.-P., 2020, &ldquo;Scythians, Persians, Greeks and Horses: Reflections on Art, Culture Power and Empires in the Light of Frozen Burials and other Excavations&rdquo;, in: , Londres, British Museum, p. 134-155. https://www.academia.edu/44417916/Francfort_H_P_2020_Scythians_Persians_Greeks_and_Horses_Reflections_on_Art_Culture_Power_and_Empires_in_the_Light_of_Frozen_Burials_and_other_Excavations_in_Londres_British_Museum_p_134_155</li>
<li>&ldquo;Girlhood Embroidery.&rdquo; Pilgrim Hall Museum. https://www.pilgrimhall.org/girlhood_embroidery.htm</li>
<li>Gower, John G., and G.C. Macaulay, ed. &ldquo;The Complete Works of John Gower.&rdquo; Clarendon Press. 1901. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/71162/71162-h/71162-h.htm#Page_1</li>
<li>&ldquo;Introducing Opus Anglicanum.&rdquo; Victoria and Albert Museum. https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/about-opus-anglicanum?srsltid=AfmBOor2pOTddjxaPC9AXHvvQuGXD4Tyx9N3zBeISzMSDHX1KnaUnfnL</li>
<li>&ldquo;Introducing the Scythians.&rdquo; British Museum. May 30, 2017. https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/introducing-scythians</li>
<li>Nazarova, Yevhenia. &ldquo;Ukraine's Ancient 'River Guardians.'&rdquo; Radio Free Europe. Oct. 17, 2021. https://www.rferl.org/a/scythian-dig-ukraine-river-guardians-discovery/31507187.html</li>
<li>"Ancient Peruvian Textiles."&nbsp;The Museum Journal&nbsp;XI, no. 3 (September, 1920): 140-147. Accessed December 22, 2025. https://www.penn.museum/sites/journal/843/</li>
<li>&ldquo;Embroidery &ndash; a history of needlework samplers.&rdquo; Victoria &amp; Albery Museum. https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/embroidery-a-history-of-needlework-samplers</li>
<li>&ldquo;History of The Broderers.&rdquo; The Worshipful Company of Broderers. https://broderers.co.uk/history-broderers</li>
<li>&ldquo;The History of Britain's Bayeux Tapestry.&rdquo; Reading Museum. https://www.readingmuseum.org.uk/collections/britains-bayeux-tapestry/history-britains-bayeux-tapestry</li>
<li>Kennedy, Maev. &ldquo;British Museum to go more than skin deep with Scythian exhibition.&rdquo; The Guardian. May 30, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2017/may/30/british-museum-skin-scythian-exhibition-tattoo-empire</li>
<li>Lattanzio, Giaga. &ldquo;Byzantine.&rdquo; Fashion History Timeline. FITNYC. https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/byzantine/</li>
<li>Leslie, Catherine Amoroso. &ldquo;Needlework Through History: An Encyclopedia.&rdquo; Greenwood Press. 2007.</li>
<li>Libes, Kenna. &ldquo;Beetle-Wing Embroidery in Nineteenth-Century Fashion.&rdquo; Fashion History Timeline. FITNYC. https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/beetle-wing-19thcentury/</li>
<li>Liu Y, Li Y, Li X, Qin L. The origin and dispersal of the domesticated Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi, in China: a reconstruction based on ancient texts. J Insect Sci. 2010;10:180. doi: 10.1673/031.010.14140</li>
<li>&ldquo;Mrs. Jacob Wendell (Mary Barrett, 1832&ndash;1912).&rdquo; The New York Historical. https://emuseum.nyhistory.org/objects/68658/mrs-jacob-wendell-mary-barrett-18321912</li>
<li>Muntz, Eugene and Louisa J. Davis. &ldquo;A short history of tapestry. From the earliest times to the end of the 18th century.&rdquo; London. Cassel &amp; Co. 1885. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofta00mntz/page/n3/mode/2up</li>
<li>Pohl, Benjamin. &ldquo;Chewing over the Norman Conquest: the&nbsp;Bayeux Tapestryas monastic mealtime reading.&rdquo;&nbsp;Historical Research. 2025. https://academic.oup.com/histres/advance-article/doi/10.1093/hisres/htaf029/8377922</li>
<li>Puiu, Tibi. &ldquo;Pristine 2,300-year-old Scythian woman&rsquo;s boot found in frozen Altai mountains.&rdquo; ZME Science. Dec. 29, 2021. https://www.zmescience.com/science/scythian-boots-0532/</li>
<li>Razzall, Katie. &ldquo;Bayeux Tapestry to return to UK on loan after 900 years.&rdquo; BBC. July 8, 2025. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c14ev1z6d5go</li>
<li>Royal School of Needlework. https://royal-needlework.org.uk/</li>
<li>Salmony, Alfred. &ldquo;The Archaeological Background of textile Production in Soviet Russia Territory.&rdquo; The Bulletin of the Needle and Bobbin Club. Volume 26. No. 2. 1942. https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/periodicals/nb_42_2.pdf</li>
<li>&ldquo;Sampler.&rdquo; Victoria &amp; Albert Museum. https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O46183/sampler-jane-bostocke/</li>
<li>Schӧnsperger, Johann. &ldquo;Ein ney Furmb&uuml;chlein. 1525-1528. Met Museum Collection. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/354716</li>
<li>Schӧnsperger, Johann. &ldquo;Ein new Modelbuch &hellip; &ldquo; 1524. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/354660</li>
<li>Shrader, Dustin. &ldquo;Embroidery Through the Ages.&rdquo; Impressions. July 28, 2023. https://impressionsmagazine.com/process-technique/embroidery-through-the-ages/39234/#:~:text=The%20Age%2DOld%20Beginning&amp;text=We%20tend%20to%20typically%20think,to%20generation%20across%20the%20millennia.</li>
<li>&ldquo;Silk Roads Programme.&rdquo; UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/silkroad-interactive-map</li>
<li>Sons of Norway's Cultural Skills Program. &ldquo;Unit 8: Hardanger Embroidery.&rdquo; 2018. https://www.sofn.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/unit8hardanger_rev8.11.pdf</li>
<li>&ldquo;Suzhou Embroidery.&rdquo; Smithsonian National Museum of Asian Art.&rdquo; https://asia-archive.si.edu/learn/for-educators/teaching-china-with-the-smithsonian/videos/suzhou-embroidery/</li>
<li>Teall, John L., Nicol, Donald MacGillivray. "Byzantine Empire".&nbsp;Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Dec. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/place/Byzantine-Empire</li>
<li>Warner, Pamela. &ldquo;Embroidery: A History.&rdquo; B.T. Bedford, Ltd. 1991.</li>
<li>Watt, James C. Y., and Anne E. Wardwell. &ldquo;When Silk Was Gold: Central Asian and Chinese Textiles.&rdquo; Metropolitan Museum of Art. Harry N. Abrams. New York. 1997. https://cdn.sanity.io/files/cctd4ker/production/d781d44d3048d49257072d610034400182246d3e.pdf</li>
<li>Watt, Melinda. &ldquo;Textile Production in Europe: Embroidery, 1600&ndash;1800.&rdquo; The Met. Oct. 1, 2003. https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/textile-production-in-europe-embroidery-1600-1800</li>
</ul>

The second part of the discussion of embroidery history covers blackwork and Opus Anglicanum, then embroidery samplers and beetle-wing embroidery.

Embroidery History Sampler, Part 2

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/e132d5a7-c23e-41f6-bcdb-b3d700211500/transcript

The first installment of this two-parter covers ancient embroidery around the world, and then focuses on European embroidery, Chinese dragon robes, and the Bayeux Tapestry.

Research:
Абильда, Айжан. “Scythians are creators of embroidery art.” Qazaqstan Tarihy. May 24, 2019. https://e-history.kz/en/news/show/7178#:~:text=Embroidery%20is%20a%20traditional%20East,a%20wedding%20or%20a%20party.
Angus, Jennifer. “Nature’s Sequins.” Cooper Hewitt. Sept. 14, 2018. https://www.cooperhewitt.org/2018/09/14/natures-sequins/
“The art of printing textile.” Musee de L’Impression sur Etoffes. https://www.musee-impression.com/en/the-collection/
Badshah, Nadeem. “Bayeux tapestry to be insured for £800m for British Museum exhibition.” The Guardian. Dec. 27. 2025. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/dec/27/bayeux-tapestry-to-be-insured-for-800m-for-british-museum-exhibition
“Bayeux Tapestry.” UNESCO. https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/bayeux-tapestry
“The Bayeux Tapestry.” La Tapisserie de Bayeux. Bayeux Museum. https://www.bayeuxmuseum.com/en/the-bayeux-tapestry/
Binswanger, Julia. “These Delicate Needles Made From Animal Bones May Have Helped Prehistoric Humans Sew Warm Winter Clothing.” Smithsonian. Dec. 11, 2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/these-delicate-needles-made-from-animal-bones-may-have-helped-prehistoric-humans-sew-warm-winter-clothing-180985601/
Britannica Editors. "Scythian art". Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 May. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/art/Scythian-art
“Chasuble (Opus Anglicanum).” The Met. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/466660
Chung, Young Yang. “Silken Threads: A History of Embroidery in China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.” Abrams. 2005.
Daniels, Margaret Harrington. “Early Pattern Books for Lace and Embroidery.” Bulletin of the Needle and Bobbin Club. https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/articles/nb33_lac.pdf
“DMC.” Textile Research Center Leiden. https://trc-leiden.nl/trc-needles/organisations-and-movements/companies/dmc
“Dragon Robe Decoded.” Sotheby’s. May 23, 2019. https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/dragon-robe-decoded
Embroiderers’ Guild. https://embroiderersguild.com/
Embroiderers’ Guild of America. https://egausa.org/
“Embroidery Techniques from Around the World: Crewel.” Embroiderer’ Guild of America. Oct. 28, 2024. https://egausa.org/embroidery-techniques-from-around-the-world-crewel/
Francfort, H.-P., 2020, “Scythians, Persians, Greeks and Horses: Reflections on Art, Culture Power and Empires in the Light of Frozen Burials and other Excavations”, in: , Londres, British Museum, p. 134-155. https://www.academia.edu/44417916/Francfort_H_P_2020_Scythians_Persians_Greeks_and_Horses_Reflections_on_Art_Culture_Power_and_Empires_in_the_Light_of_Frozen_Burials_and_other_Excavations_in_Londres_British_Museum_p_134_155
“Girlhood Embroidery.” Pilgrim Hall Museum. https://www.pilgrimhall.org/girlhood_embroidery.htm
Gower, John G., and G.C. Macaulay, ed. “The Complete Works of John Gower.” Clarendon Press. 1901. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/71162/71162-h/71162-h.htm#Page_1
“Introducing Opus Anglicanum.” Victoria and Albert Museum. https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/about-opus-anglicanum?srsltid=AfmBOor2pOTddjxaPC9AXHvvQuGXD4Tyx9N3zBeISzMSDHX1KnaUnfnL
“Introducing the Scythians.” British Museum. May 30, 2017. https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/introducing-scythians
Nazarova, Yevhenia. “Ukraine's Ancient 'River Guardians.'” Radio Free Europe. Oct. 17, 2021. https://www.rferl.org/a/scythian-dig-ukraine-river-guardians-discovery/31507187.html
"Ancient Peruvian Textiles." The Museum Journal XI, no. 3 (September, 1920): 140-147. Accessed December 22, 2025. https://www.penn.museum/sites/journal/843/
“Embroidery – a history of needlework samplers.” Victoria & Albery Museum. https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/embroidery-a-history-of-needlework-samplers
“History of The Broderers.” The Worshipful Company of Broderers. https://broderers.co.uk/history-broderers
“The History of Britain's Bayeux Tapestry.” Reading Museum. https://www.readingmuseum.org.uk/collections/britains-bayeux-tapestry/history-britains-bayeux-tapestry
Kennedy, Maev. “British Museum to go more than skin deep with Scythian exhibition.” The Guardian. May 30, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2017/may/30/british-museum-skin-scythian-exhibition-tattoo-empire
Lattanzio, Giaga. “Byzantine.” Fashion History Timeline. FITNYC. https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/byzantine/
Leslie, Catherine Amoroso. “Needlework Through History: An Encyclopedia.” Greenwood Press. 2007.
Libes, Kenna. “Beetle-Wing Embroidery in Nineteenth-Century Fashion.” Fashion History Timeline. FITNYC. https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/beetle-wing-19thcentury/
Liu Y, Li Y, Li X, Qin L. The origin and dispersal of the domesticated Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi, in China: a reconstruction based on ancient texts. J Insect Sci. 2010;10:180. doi: 10.1673/031.010.14140
“Mrs. Jacob Wendell (Mary Barrett, 1832–1912).” The New York Historical. https://emuseum.nyhistory.org/objects/68658/mrs-jacob-wendell-mary-barrett-18321912
Muntz, Eugene and Louisa J. Davis. “A short history of tapestry. From the earliest times to the end of the 18th century.” London. Cassel & Co. 1885. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofta00mntz/page/n3/mode/2up
Pohl, Benjamin. “Chewing over the Norman Conquest: the Bayeux Tapestryas monastic mealtime reading.” Historical Research. 2025. https://academic.oup.com/histres/advance-article/doi/10.1093/hisres/htaf029/8377922
Puiu, Tibi. “Pristine 2,300-year-old Scythian woman’s boot found in frozen Altai mountains.” ZME Science. Dec. 29, 2021. https://www.zmescience.com/science/scythian-boots-0532/
Razzall, Katie. “Bayeux Tapestry to return to UK on loan after 900 years.” BBC. July 8, 2025. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c14ev1z6d5go
Royal School of Needlework. https://royal-needlework.org.uk/
Salmony, Alfred. “The Archaeological Background of textile Production in Soviet Russia Territory.” The Bulletin of the Needle and Bobbin Club. Volume 26. No. 2. 1942. https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/periodicals/nb_42_2.pdf
“Sampler.” Victoria & Albert Museum. https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O46183/sampler-jane-bostocke/
Schӧnsperger, Johann. “Ein ney Furmbüchlein. 1525-1528. Met Museum Collection. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/354716
Schӧnsperger, Johann. “Ein new Modelbuch … “ 1524. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/354660
Shrader, Dustin. “Embroidery Through the Ages.” Impressions. July 28, 2023. https://impressionsmagazine.com/process-technique/embroidery-through-the-ages/39234/#:~:text=The%20Age%2DOld%20Beginning&text=We%20tend%20to%20typically%20think,to%20generation%20across%20the%20millennia.
“Silk Roads Programme.” UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/silkroad-interactive-map
Sons of Norway's Cultural Skills Program. “Unit 8: Hardanger Embroidery.” 2018. https://www.sofn.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/unit8hardanger_rev8.11.pdf
“Suzhou Embroidery.” Smithsonian National Museum of Asian Art.” https://asia-archive.si.edu/learn/for-educators/teaching-china-with-the-smithsonian/videos/suzhou-embroidery/
Teall, John L., Nicol, Donald MacGillivray. "Byzantine Empire". Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Dec. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/place/Byzantine-Empire
Warner, Pamela. “Embroidery: A History.” B.T. Bedford, Ltd. 1991.
Watt, James C. Y., and Anne E. Wardwell. “When Silk Was Gold: Central Asian and Chinese Textiles.” Metropolitan Museum of Art. Harry N. Abrams. New York. 1997. https://cdn.sanity.io/files/cctd4ker/production/d781d44d3048d49257072d610034400182246d3e.pdf
Watt, Melinda. “Textile Production in Europe: Embroidery, 1600–1800.” The Met. Oct. 1, 2003. https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/textile-production-in-europe-embroidery-1600-1800

The first installment of this two-parter covers ancient embroidery around the world, and then focuses on European embroidery, Chinese dragon robes, and the Bayeux Tapestry.
Research:
<ul>
<li>Абильда, Айжан. &ldquo;Scythians are creators of embroidery art.&rdquo; Qazaqstan Tarihy. May 24, 2019. https://e-history.kz/en/news/show/7178#:~:text=Embroidery%20is%20a%20traditional%20East,a%20wedding%20or%20a%20party.</li>
<li>Angus, Jennifer. &ldquo;Nature&rsquo;s Sequins.&rdquo; Cooper Hewitt. Sept. 14, 2018. https://www.cooperhewitt.org/2018/09/14/natures-sequins/</li>
<li>&ldquo;The art of printing textile.&rdquo; Musee de L&rsquo;Impression sur Etoffes. https://www.musee-impression.com/en/the-collection/</li>
<li>Badshah, Nadeem. &ldquo;Bayeux tapestry to be insured for &pound;800m for British Museum exhibition.&rdquo; The Guardian. Dec. 27. 2025. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/dec/27/bayeux-tapestry-to-be-insured-for-800m-for-british-museum-exhibition</li>
<li>&ldquo;Bayeux Tapestry.&rdquo; UNESCO. https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/bayeux-tapestry</li>
<li>&ldquo;The Bayeux Tapestry.&rdquo; La Tapisserie de Bayeux. Bayeux Museum. https://www.bayeuxmuseum.com/en/the-bayeux-tapestry/</li>
<li>Binswanger, Julia. &ldquo;These Delicate Needles Made From Animal Bones May Have Helped Prehistoric Humans Sew Warm Winter Clothing.&rdquo; Smithsonian. Dec. 11, 2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/these-delicate-needles-made-from-animal-bones-may-have-helped-prehistoric-humans-sew-warm-winter-clothing-180985601/</li>
<li>Britannica Editors. "Scythian art".&nbsp;Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 May. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/art/Scythian-art</li>
<li>&ldquo;Chasuble (Opus Anglicanum).&rdquo; The Met. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/466660</li>
<li>Chung, Young Yang. &ldquo;Silken Threads: A History of Embroidery in China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.&rdquo; Abrams. 2005.</li>
<li>Daniels, Margaret Harrington. &ldquo;Early Pattern Books for Lace and Embroidery.&rdquo; Bulletin of the Needle and Bobbin Club. https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/articles/nb33_lac.pdf</li>
<li>&ldquo;DMC.&rdquo; Textile Research Center Leiden. https://trc-leiden.nl/trc-needles/organisations-and-movements/companies/dmc</li>
<li>&ldquo;Dragon Robe Decoded.&rdquo; Sotheby&rsquo;s. May 23, 2019. https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/dragon-robe-decoded</li>
<li>Embroiderers&rsquo; Guild. https://embroiderersguild.com/</li>
<li>Embroiderers&rsquo; Guild of America. https://egausa.org/</li>
<li>&ldquo;Embroidery Techniques from Around the World: Crewel.&rdquo; Embroiderer&rsquo; Guild of America. Oct. 28, 2024. https://egausa.org/embroidery-techniques-from-around-the-world-crewel/</li>
<li>Francfort, H.-P., 2020, &ldquo;Scythians, Persians, Greeks and Horses: Reflections on Art, Culture Power and Empires in the Light of Frozen Burials and other Excavations&rdquo;, in: , Londres, British Museum, p. 134-155. https://www.academia.edu/44417916/Francfort_H_P_2020_Scythians_Persians_Greeks_and_Horses_Reflections_on_Art_Culture_Power_and_Empires_in_the_Light_of_Frozen_Burials_and_other_Excavations_in_Londres_British_Museum_p_134_155</li>
<li>&ldquo;Girlhood Embroidery.&rdquo; Pilgrim Hall Museum. https://www.pilgrimhall.org/girlhood_embroidery.htm</li>
<li>Gower, John G., and G.C. Macaulay, ed. &ldquo;The Complete Works of John Gower.&rdquo; Clarendon Press. 1901. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/71162/71162-h/71162-h.htm#Page_1</li>
<li>&ldquo;Introducing Opus Anglicanum.&rdquo; Victoria and Albert Museum. https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/about-opus-anglicanum?srsltid=AfmBOor2pOTddjxaPC9AXHvvQuGXD4Tyx9N3zBeISzMSDHX1KnaUnfnL</li>
<li>&ldquo;Introducing the Scythians.&rdquo; British Museum. May 30, 2017. https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/introducing-scythians</li>
<li>Nazarova, Yevhenia. &ldquo;Ukraine's Ancient 'River Guardians.'&rdquo; Radio Free Europe. Oct. 17, 2021. https://www.rferl.org/a/scythian-dig-ukraine-river-guardians-discovery/31507187.html</li>
<li>"Ancient Peruvian Textiles."&nbsp;The Museum Journal&nbsp;XI, no. 3 (September, 1920): 140-147. Accessed December 22, 2025. https://www.penn.museum/sites/journal/843/</li>
<li>&ldquo;Embroidery &ndash; a history of needlework samplers.&rdquo; Victoria &amp; Albery Museum. https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/embroidery-a-history-of-needlework-samplers</li>
<li>&ldquo;History of The Broderers.&rdquo; The Worshipful Company of Broderers. https://broderers.co.uk/history-broderers</li>
<li>&ldquo;The History of Britain's Bayeux Tapestry.&rdquo; Reading Museum. https://www.readingmuseum.org.uk/collections/britains-bayeux-tapestry/history-britains-bayeux-tapestry</li>
<li>Kennedy, Maev. &ldquo;British Museum to go more than skin deep with Scythian exhibition.&rdquo; The Guardian. May 30, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2017/may/30/british-museum-skin-scythian-exhibition-tattoo-empire</li>
<li>Lattanzio, Giaga. &ldquo;Byzantine.&rdquo; Fashion History Timeline. FITNYC. https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/byzantine/</li>
<li>Leslie, Catherine Amoroso. &ldquo;Needlework Through History: An Encyclopedia.&rdquo; Greenwood Press. 2007.</li>
<li>Libes, Kenna. &ldquo;Beetle-Wing Embroidery in Nineteenth-Century Fashion.&rdquo; Fashion History Timeline. FITNYC. https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/beetle-wing-19thcentury/</li>
<li>Liu Y, Li Y, Li X, Qin L. The origin and dispersal of the domesticated Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi, in China: a reconstruction based on ancient texts. J Insect Sci. 2010;10:180. doi: 10.1673/031.010.14140</li>
<li>&ldquo;Mrs. Jacob Wendell (Mary Barrett, 1832&ndash;1912).&rdquo; The New York Historical. https://emuseum.nyhistory.org/objects/68658/mrs-jacob-wendell-mary-barrett-18321912</li>
<li>Muntz, Eugene and Louisa J. Davis. &ldquo;A short history of tapestry. From the earliest times to the end of the 18th century.&rdquo; London. Cassel &amp; Co. 1885. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofta00mntz/page/n3/mode/2up</li>
<li>Pohl, Benjamin. &ldquo;Chewing over the Norman Conquest: the&nbsp;Bayeux Tapestryas monastic mealtime reading.&rdquo;&nbsp;Historical Research. 2025. https://academic.oup.com/histres/advance-article/doi/10.1093/hisres/htaf029/8377922</li>
<li>Puiu, Tibi. &ldquo;Pristine 2,300-year-old Scythian woman&rsquo;s boot found in frozen Altai mountains.&rdquo; ZME Science. Dec. 29, 2021. https://www.zmescience.com/science/scythian-boots-0532/</li>
<li>Razzall, Katie. &ldquo;Bayeux Tapestry to return to UK on loan after 900 years.&rdquo; BBC. July 8, 2025. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c14ev1z6d5go</li>
<li>Royal School of Needlework. https://royal-needlework.org.uk/</li>
<li>Salmony, Alfred. &ldquo;The Archaeological Background of textile Production in Soviet Russia Territory.&rdquo; The Bulletin of the Needle and Bobbin Club. Volume 26. No. 2. 1942. https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/periodicals/nb_42_2.pdf</li>
<li>&ldquo;Sampler.&rdquo; Victoria &amp; Albert Museum. https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O46183/sampler-jane-bostocke/</li>
<li>Schӧnsperger, Johann. &ldquo;Ein ney Furmb&uuml;chlein. 1525-1528. Met Museum Collection. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/354716</li>
<li>Schӧnsperger, Johann. &ldquo;Ein new Modelbuch &hellip; &ldquo; 1524. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/354660</li>
<li>Shrader, Dustin. &ldquo;Embroidery Through the Ages.&rdquo; Impressions. July 28, 2023. https://impressionsmagazine.com/process-technique/embroidery-through-the-ages/39234/#:~:text=The%20Age%2DOld%20Beginning&amp;text=We%20tend%20to%20typically%20think,to%20generation%20across%20the%20millennia.</li>
<li>&ldquo;Silk Roads Programme.&rdquo; UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/silkroad-interactive-map</li>
<li>Sons of Norway's Cultural Skills Program. &ldquo;Unit 8: Hardanger Embroidery.&rdquo; 2018. https://www.sofn.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/unit8hardanger_rev8.11.pdf</li>
<li>&ldquo;Suzhou Embroidery.&rdquo; Smithsonian National Museum of Asian Art.&rdquo; https://asia-archive.si.edu/learn/for-educators/teaching-china-with-the-smithsonian/videos/suzhou-embroidery/</li>
<li>Teall, John L., Nicol, Donald MacGillivray. "Byzantine Empire".&nbsp;Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Dec. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/place/Byzantine-Empire</li>
<li>Warner, Pamela. &ldquo;Embroidery: A History.&rdquo; B.T. Bedford, Ltd. 1991.</li>
<li>Watt, James C. Y., and Anne E. Wardwell. &ldquo;When Silk Was Gold: Central Asian and Chinese Textiles.&rdquo; Metropolitan Museum of Art. Harry N. Abrams. New York. 1997. https://cdn.sanity.io/files/cctd4ker/production/d781d44d3048d49257072d610034400182246d3e.pdf</li>
<li>Watt, Melinda. &ldquo;Textile Production in Europe: Embroidery, 1600&ndash;1800.&rdquo; The Met. Oct. 1, 2003. https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/textile-production-in-europe-embroidery-1600-1800</li>
</ul>

The first installment of this two-parter covers ancient embroidery around the world, and then focuses on European embroidery, Chinese dragon robes, and the Bayeux Tapestry.

Embroidery History Sampler, Part 1

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/c565550d-dbbc-4d3c-9f53-b3d6012fd00b/transcript

This 2020 episode covers Paul Cuffe, who protested taxation, built wealth for himself in whaling, became a Quaker and used his fortune for the betterment of others. He also advocated creating a colony in Africa for of African ancestry to immigrate to.

This 2020 episode covers Paul Cuffe, who protested taxation, built wealth for himself in whaling, became a Quaker and used his fortune for the betterment of others. He also advocated creating a colony in Africa for of African ancestry to immigrate to.

SYMHC Classics: Paul Cuffe

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/c19bef2a-1937-4202-91d5-b3d5003661cd/transcript

Sophia Duleep Singh, Part 1: Princess In Exile

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