A lot of European accounts of Sayyida al-Hurra’s life characterize her as a pirate, but that really isn't accurate. She was a a leader of a city-state and a queen of a sultanate.

Research:
Ali, Adam. “The Pirate Queen of the Mediterranean: The Story of Al-Sayyida al-Hurra.” Medievalists.net. https://www.medievalists.net/2022/08/pirate-queen-mediterranean-al-sayyida-al-hurra/
Britannica Editors. "Barbarossa". Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Jan. 2026, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Barbarossa. Accessed 29 July 2026.
El Haimeur, A. (2024). Sayyida Alhurra: A forgotten North African queen and war leader: A forgotten North African queen and war leader. Africana Annual, 1(1), 44-60. https://doi.org/10.17161/africana.v1i1.19207
Hellman, Rick. “Researcher reclaims 16th century Moroccan woman leader from obscurity.” University of Kansas. 4/17/2024. https://news.ku.edu/news/article/researcher-reclaims-16th-century-moroccan-woman-leader-from-obscurity
Lebbady, “Women in Northern Morocco: Between the Documentary and the Imaginary.” Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics, No. 32. 2012. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41850741
Mourtada-Sabbah, Nada and Adrian Gully. “'I Am, by God, Fit for High Positions': On the Political Role of Women in al-Andalus.” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies , Nov., 2003, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Nov., 2003). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3593222
Rafferty, John P.. "From Pirate to Admiral: The Tale of Barbarossa". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Jun. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/story/from-pirate-to-admiral-the-tale-of-barbarossa. Accessed 29 July 2026.
Sparkes, Jason Idriss. “Sayyida al‑Hurra: An Early Modern Decolonial Muslim Exemplar.” Religions 16: 1362. 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16111362
Verde, Tom. “Malika VI: Sayyida Al-Hurra.” AramcoWorld. 1/4/2017. https://www.aramcoworld.com/articles/2017/malika-vi-sayyida-al-hurra
Williams, Terry. “Pirate Profile: Sayyida al-Hurra.” Queen Anne’s Revenge Project. 5/25/2020. https://www.qaronline.org/blog/2020-05-25/pirate-profile-sayyida-al-hurra

 

A lot of European accounts of Sayyida al-Hurra&rsquo;s life characterize her as a pirate, but that really isn't accurate. She was a a leader of a city-state and a queen of a sultanate.
Research:
<ul>
<li>Ali, Adam. &ldquo;The Pirate Queen of the Mediterranean: The Story of Al-Sayyida al-Hurra.&rdquo; Medievalists.net. https://www.medievalists.net/2022/08/pirate-queen-mediterranean-al-sayyida-al-hurra/</li>
<li>Britannica Editors. "Barbarossa". Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Jan. 2026, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Barbarossa. Accessed 29 July 2026.</li>
<li>El Haimeur, A. (2024). Sayyida Alhurra: A forgotten North African queen and war leader: A forgotten North African queen and war leader. Africana Annual, 1(1), 44-60. https://doi.org/10.17161/africana.v1i1.19207</li>
<li>Hellman, Rick. &ldquo;Researcher reclaims 16th century Moroccan woman leader from obscurity.&rdquo; University of Kansas. 4/17/2024. https://news.ku.edu/news/article/researcher-reclaims-16th-century-moroccan-woman-leader-from-obscurity</li>
<li>Lebbady, &ldquo;Women in Northern Morocco: Between the Documentary and the Imaginary.&rdquo; Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics, No. 32. 2012. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41850741</li>
<li>Mourtada-Sabbah, Nada and Adrian Gully. &ldquo;'I Am, by God, Fit for High Positions': On the Political Role of Women in al-Andalus.&rdquo; British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies , Nov., 2003, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Nov., 2003). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3593222</li>
<li>Rafferty, John P.. "From Pirate to Admiral: The Tale of Barbarossa". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Jun. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/story/from-pirate-to-admiral-the-tale-of-barbarossa. Accessed 29 July 2026.</li>
<li>Sparkes, Jason Idriss. &ldquo;Sayyida al‑Hurra: An Early Modern Decolonial Muslim Exemplar.&rdquo; Religions 16: 1362. 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16111362</li>
<li>Verde, Tom. &ldquo;Malika VI: Sayyida Al-Hurra.&rdquo; AramcoWorld. 1/4/2017. https://www.aramcoworld.com/articles/2017/malika-vi-sayyida-al-hurra</li>
<li>Williams, Terry. &ldquo;Pirate Profile: Sayyida al-Hurra.&rdquo; Queen Anne&rsquo;s Revenge Project. 5/25/2020. https://www.qaronline.org/blog/2020-05-25/pirate-profile-sayyida-al-hurra</li>
</ul>
&nbsp;

Join Holly and Tracy as they bring you the greatest and strangest Stuff You Missed In History Class in this podcast by iHeartRadio.

Stuff You Missed in History Class

Listen to this collection of top episodes from iHeartRadio and iHeartPodcasts. 

Listen to this collection of top episodes from iHeartRadio and iHeartPodcasts.&nbsp;

Podcasts from iHeartRadio

A lot of European accounts of Sayyida al-Hurra’s life characterize her as a pirate, but that really isn't accurate. She was a a leader of a city-state and a queen of a sultanate.

Sayyida al-Hurra, Moroccan Queen

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/987ca9c7-7e7c-451a-98bf-b4a5016146b6/transcript

This 2021 episode covers Jethro Tull. Today, most people only know that as the name of a band, but Tull was an 18th-century gentleman farmer often credited with inventing the seed drill.

This 2021 episode covers Jethro Tull. Today, most people only know that as the name of a band, but Tull was an 18th-century gentleman farmer often credited with inventing the seed drill.

SYMHC Classics: Jethro Tull

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/a85f4457-4576-48bf-97fd-b4a5016129e9/transcript

Tracy talks about papers about history written by economists. Holy talks about linoleum having a bad reputation because of the designs of the 1970s and '80s.

Tracy talks about papers about history written by economists. Holy talks about linoleum having a bad reputation because of the designs of the 1970s and '80s.

Behind the Scenes Minis: Smashing Linoleum

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/272f3c9a-227d-4df3-8b2b-b4a501610d2c/transcript

Frederick Walton caused a lot of financial family friction on the way to developing linoleum. And even though he believed he had revolutionized home dec, he didn't expect to be remembered.

Research:
“4,000 for His ‘Devoted Attendant.’” Western Daily Press. August 3, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/813758815/?match=1&terms=%22Frederick%20Walton%22
Baker, Anne Pimlott. "Walton, Frederick Edward (bap. 1834, d. 1928), inventor of linoleum." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.  September 23, 2004. Oxford University Press. Date of access 20 Jul. 2026, <https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-67799
Kaldewei, Gerhard, ed. “Linoleum: History, Design, Architecture 1882-2000.” Hatje Cantz. 2000.
“Cork Carpets.” The Chatauquan. Volume 21. 1895. https://books.google.com/books?id=a2cXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA471#v=onepage&q&f=false
Gross, Linda. “The Evolution of Linoleum.” Hagley Museum and Library. March 19, 2018. https://www.hagley.org/librarynews/evolution-linoleum#:~:text=In%201860%20Walton%20applied%20for,1864%2C%20in%20Staines%2C%20England.
Hodgson, R.D. “Frederick Walton: Centenary of the Birth of the Inventor of Linoleum.” Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry. Vol. 53. Issue 10. March 1934. Pages 209-232. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jctb.5000531003
“Inventor’s Will.” Daily Record. Aug. 3, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1041447745/?match=1&terms=%22Frederick%20Walton%22
“Lincrusta History.” https://lincrusta.com/about-us/#history
Parsons, Ralph. “Linoleum: A Chiswick Invention.” Brentford & Chiswick Local History Society. https://brentfordandchiswicklhs.org.uk/local-history/industries-and-crafts/linoleum-a-chiswick-invention/
D.H. “CENTENARY OF FREDERICK WALTON, INVENTOR OF LINOLEUM.” Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, vol. 82, no. 4240, 1934, pp. 432–33. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41317315
Simpson, Pamela H. “Comfortable, Durable, and Decorative: Linoleum’s Rise and Fall from Grace.” APT Bulletin: The Journal of Preservation Technology, vol. 30, no. 2/3, 1999, pp. 17–24. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1504636
“Society of Arts.” The Morning Post. April 3, 1862. https://www.newspapers.com/image/396195800/?match=1&terms=Frederick%20Walton%20&search-id=58db9118-0a75-49e3-a4ae-68272c242a64&search-rank=1
Walton, Frederick. “The infancy and development of linoleum floorcloth.” Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent. London. 1925.
“Walton-Scruby.” The Morning Post. March 22, 1867. https://www.newspapers.com/image/396195945/?match=2&terms=frederick%20walton&search-id=ed4e6ef1-9806-4b3d-84bb-62b4e8e0efc6&search-rank=1

Frederick Walton caused a lot of financial family friction on the way to developing linoleum. And even though he believed he had revolutionized home dec, he didn't expect to be remembered.
Research:
<ul>
<li>&ldquo;4,000 for His &lsquo;Devoted Attendant.&rsquo;&rdquo; Western Daily Press. August 3, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/813758815/?match=1&amp;terms=%22Frederick%20Walton%22</li>
<li>Baker, Anne Pimlott. "Walton, Frederick Edward (bap. 1834, d. 1928), inventor of linoleum."&nbsp;Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.&nbsp;&nbsp;September&nbsp;23,&nbsp;2004. Oxford University Press. Date of access 20 Jul. 2026, &lt;https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-67799</li>
<li>Kaldewei, Gerhard, ed. &ldquo;Linoleum: History, Design, Architecture 1882-2000.&rdquo; Hatje Cantz. 2000.</li>
<li>&ldquo;Cork Carpets.&rdquo; The Chatauquan. Volume 21. 1895. https://books.google.com/books?id=a2cXAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA471#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false</li>
<li>Gross, Linda. &ldquo;The Evolution of Linoleum.&rdquo; Hagley Museum and Library. March 19, 2018. https://www.hagley.org/librarynews/evolution-linoleum#:~:text=In%201860%20Walton%20applied%20for,1864%2C%20in%20Staines%2C%20England.</li>
<li>Hodgson, R.D. &ldquo;Frederick Walton: Centenary of the Birth of the Inventor of Linoleum.&rdquo; Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry. Vol. 53. Issue 10. March 1934. Pages 209-232. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jctb.5000531003</li>
<li>&ldquo;Inventor&rsquo;s Will.&rdquo; Daily Record. Aug. 3, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1041447745/?match=1&amp;terms=%22Frederick%20Walton%22</li>
<li>&ldquo;Lincrusta History.&rdquo; https://lincrusta.com/about-us/#history</li>
<li>Parsons, Ralph. &ldquo;Linoleum: A Chiswick Invention.&rdquo; Brentford &amp; Chiswick Local History Society. https://brentfordandchiswicklhs.org.uk/local-history/industries-and-crafts/linoleum-a-chiswick-invention/</li>
<li>D.H. &ldquo;CENTENARY OF FREDERICK WALTON, INVENTOR OF LINOLEUM.&rdquo;&nbsp;Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, vol. 82, no. 4240, 1934, pp. 432&ndash;33.&nbsp;JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41317315</li>
<li>Simpson, Pamela H. &ldquo;Comfortable, Durable, and Decorative: Linoleum&rsquo;s Rise and Fall from Grace.&rdquo;&nbsp;APT Bulletin: The Journal of Preservation Technology, vol. 30, no. 2/3, 1999, pp. 17&ndash;24.&nbsp;JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1504636</li>
<li>&ldquo;Society of Arts.&rdquo; The Morning Post. April 3, 1862. https://www.newspapers.com/image/396195800/?match=1&amp;terms=Frederick%20Walton%20&amp;search-id=58db9118-0a75-49e3-a4ae-68272c242a64&amp;search-rank=1</li>
<li>Walton, Frederick. &ldquo;The infancy and development of linoleum floorcloth.&rdquo; Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent.&nbsp;London. 1925.</li>
<li>&ldquo;Walton-Scruby.&rdquo; The Morning Post. March 22, 1867. https://www.newspapers.com/image/396195945/?match=2&amp;terms=frederick%20walton&amp;search-id=ed4e6ef1-9806-4b3d-84bb-62b4e8e0efc6&amp;search-rank=1</li>
</ul>

Frederick Walton caused a lot of financial family friction on the way to developing linoleum. And even though he believed he had revolutionized home dec, he didn't expect to be remembered. 

Frederick Walton and the Invention of Linoleum

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/fc4537fe-d386-4a3c-afda-b4a30169264b/transcript

Sayyida al-Hurra, Moroccan Queen

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