As the global goal of eliminating AIDS as a public health threat by 2030 approaches, significant challenges remain. In 2023, approximately 40 million people worldwide were living with HIV, 630,000 people died from AIDS-related causes, and 1.3 million people were newly infected. Since the start of the epidemic, an estimated 88 million people have been infected with HIV. Lerato Mbele spoke to Prof. Salim Abdool Karim.