Biotech innovation is no longer driven solely by large pharmaceutical companies. Increasingly, breakthroughs are coming from startups, universities and specialist firms, but turning promising science into real-world treatments remains a long and uncertain journey.

On Industry Insight, Lynlee Foo speaks with Dr Alan Russell, Vice President of Research Biologics at Amgen, about how the biotech innovation model has evolved, what separates startups that successfully commercialise scientific discoveries from those that fall short, how AI is reshaping the industry, and why Singapore is emerging as a growing hub for biotech innovation.