This episode explores the twin revolutions that upended Russia in 1917 and reshaped the course of World War I. Sean and James trace the collapse of the Romanov dynasty, the rise and failures of the Provisional Government, and the growing power of the soviets amid military disaster and social unrest. They then examine how Lenin and the Bolsheviks overthrew the government in November and imposed a harsh new dictatorship backed by the CHEKA. The episode concludes with Russia’s exit from the war at Brest-Litovsk, a decision that carried enormous consequences for both the conflict and the future of Europe.