In 1550, a debate transpired in Valladolid, Spain over the rights to enslave the native peoples in the newly conquered lands, including Mexico. The Encomienda system in New Spain was a Spanish labor system that granted Spanish conquistadors control over indigenous populations in exchange for protection and religious instruction, but in practice often led to forced labor and exploitation. Essentially, it was a way for the Spanish crown to reward its subjects for their service in colonizing the Americas, while simultaneously attempting to manage and control the indigenous population.

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Audio Credit: In Our Time History podcast with Melvyn Bragg and guests Caroline Dodds Pennock, John Edwards, Julia McClure (episode: Valladolid Debate (20feb2020) BBC Radio4. Audio excerpts reproduced under the Fair Use (Fair Dealings) Legal Doctrine for purposes such as criticism, comment, teaching, education, scholarship, research and news reporting.