All relationships experience tensions, and sometimes that tension just has to come out. We can't argue and fight forever. At some point we have to learn to listen. It's only when someone feels heard can we move forward and make the relationship stronger. The same is true for a society. People want to feel heard, and right now, African Americans as a community want to feel heard. There is work to be done at a societal level, for sure, but that work also starts closer to home. Each one of us, especially white America, needs to have some uncomfortable conversations. One of the problems is most of us don't know how to start those conversations, even if we want to have one. Over the past few weeks, I reached out to my friend and colleague David Harris to guide me and help me learn how I can start uncomfortable and necessary conversations. Here is one of them, and this is a bit of optimism. David, thank you so much for agreeing to sit down and talk. When we all heard the news of what happened to George Floyd, and more importantly, when we saw the footage of what happened to George Floyd, I think it ignited something in this nation that hasn't been ignited in many years that needed to come out, and I, for one, I think, like many others, didn't know how to respond. I struggled to find the right words to say and even to how to start a difficult conversation. And only through difficult conversations and through listening will we learn to understand someone else's experience. And not only is it essential for these difficult conversations to happen as individuals, but organizations and their teams need to have these conversations as well. So I wanted to sit down with you now to get your guidance for others on how to start these conversations, how to have these conversations. How were you so good when I call David I need help? Well, I guess it comes from an automatic orientation more toward admitting when you don't know something and asking questions, and I think many people are fearful of asking questions in learning situations. The problem is is that with this particular circumstance, this was a life lesson, and life lessons invariably are more loaded, particularly something like this, because it's treated with history and when you're dealing with a circumstance that's freighted with history, you're often dealing with lack of exposure and ignorance. And I don't say ignorance to be negative. I say ignorance in the sense of just not having awareness for whatever reason. You know a lot of things that I'm ignorant of, a lot of things that you're ignorant of simply because we don't have the exposure. So if you don't have the exposure to something and yet it's becomes a flashpoint, then the question should be how can I learn about this? Not I'm dumb for not knowing it. How can I learn? And it's interesting people will apply this to math or English or French or Spanish or science, but they won't apply it to basic human circumstance. I find that very interesting. That's such a good point. Like I'm ignorant of trigonometry, and I don't feel bad for saying that, right, But when you say you're ignorant of some sort of social thing or human thing, all of a sudden, it becomes pejorative for some reason. Yeah, And I think part of the reason that that is the case is because again, people are afraid of judgment they're afraid of being caught with their pants down of I don't know what to say because I'm not aware of it, right, And I think I said to you in a prior discussion that this is very similar to what happens if you have a close friend and that friend experience is a death and you've not experienced really intense grief or loss. Some people are totally thrown by that. They don't know how to interact with it. They they are more at a loss for words. It's not because they don't empathize, it's not because they don't care about the person. It's because they simply don't know what to say. Well, this is interesting because there's there's a pressure, you know. Some some people have said very publicly that if you say nothing, it means that you're not a part of this. And so there's this pressure that we have to say something. Yeah, And I think that that comes some of that comes from a kind of a bottled up frustration with silence, right. I mean, we've throughout history we've had examples of when cultures did not speak up against blat and atrocity, Nazi Germany being one of them. Larry Kramer, the gay actor that said silence equals death. You know, not speaking up is not a good thing in general. I would agree, just on a kind of a moral plane. Yes, it is right to speak up, but it's also important that you know what you're speaking to. And if you don't, I don't know what you're speaking up to or against or for. It's very hard to articulate. The thing that I think really helped for you and I to get started in our difficult conversation is I started when I called you up and said hello. It was very blunt. There was no sugarcoating getting into it. I said, David, I'm struggling to find words what to say, and I need your help. And I think what that did is it created a space that I'm not here to tell you what I think and then get you to respond to it. I'm going to start by saying I'm I'm stuck, and that's what started our conversation. We did it as a team as well. Yes, we had a huddle, and I started the conversation by saying that I've gone on this journey of trying to figure out my feelings in the appropriate way to express them, but also that I want to create a space for our team to say whatever's on their heart and mind without any judgment. And I went first and I told people everything that I've been feeling and got very choked up, and then I stopped talking and allowed whoever wanted to speak to speak. You played this incredible role on our team for US where you helped provide context as people spoke. You offered no judgment, but rather context to each thing. We said. How did you learn? Where did you learn not to listen? Where did you learn to listen? I guess is what I'm trying to get at. I think some of this comes from my having been the odd man out in so many circumstances throughout my life. I'm an African American man. I was forced into a integrated circumstance in perhaps it was difficult years in US history nineteen sixty eight, as a you know, eight or nine year old child going to an all white school, being torn away from my you know, from the world that was familiar to me, and having to sink or swim in in that environment. It was a very racially hostile time in the United States. But my parents were very intent on having me experience what they felt the real world was. They didn't want me growing up in a bubble thinking that everyone was African American and everyone got along. They wanted me to understand what it was to be different and what it was to be perceived is different, very early on, and I believe that they wanted to inoculate me, to toughen me up in a way. You know, their generation was the generation of Jim Crow. They tell the story of traveling across the United States for their honeymoon in nineteen forty nine and having to sleep in their car as they went from Ohio to California, simply because there were so many hotels that would not allow black people in them, and if they found one, they would have to check in late at night and they would have to be gone before anyone else saw them in the morning. And so flash forward many years and it's my world now, and I'm you know, the world is blowing up. There's a lot of rebellion the Black Panthers, there's the Black Power Movement, there is the assassination of MLKA, There's tremendous resistance in some white communities to everything African Americans are asking for. And we need to remember while we're celebrating Martin Luther King in twenty twenty. He was not celebrated in nineteen sixty eight. I've always found it very interesting that people become lauded after they die, but not in their time quite often, and that's because we get distanced from it, and we sometimes realize that they were right. And I think people realize that a lot of the moral tone that he used in his discourse was absolutely correct, and it was inspirational and aspirational and everything that we would want to be. So when you ask me, you know, how did I cultivate this ability to listen, it was from being different and I had to understand my environment very quickly. And then add to that being a gay man also, I had to figure that out as well. You know, I had to figure that out within my circle of black friends and people who were black and straight, and I had to figure out that with white straight people, and I had to figure out how to be black, and you know, and then there were kind of all of these overlapping challenges, and you know, to tell you the truth, I would not take any of that experience away. It was difficult. It continues to be a challenge, but I consider it to be one of the most enriching experiences of my life because it's allowed me to somewhat sit on the outside of situations and to really listen to what's being said, because sometimes your survival can depend on that. Yeah, individuals and teams have to have these difficult conversations for multiple reasons. One to understand and as you said, to gain some empathy, to gain some understanding of how people who are different than us are going through the world and experience the world. I mean, even the story of your parents is astonishing, But I think many people are afraid. As you said, it's like the death in the family, which is we cause accidental harm because we're so uncomfortable that we don't want to say the wrong thing, or we don't want to offend that we just say nothing, or we don't have the team conversations because we we're so afraid of getting it wrong. So how does somebody start a conversation even if it's wrong. What happens if somebody says something that's a trigger. I'm going to give you a great example of this because I recently had an uncomfortable conversation with a former colleague of mine who I adore. She's absolutely a fantastic person. I consider her an ally, not just in this but in a lot of things, and we're very mutually supportive of each other. And we got into this conversation about this subject. You know, I was talking about the fact that at a company event that we were at together, you know, all of the black employees got together to have their picture taken, and that there was a certain pride in doing that. But it was a very funny circumstance because you know, even though there's a huge group of people, the black employees were still in the minority. So we all got together and we ran around and search for each other to have this big picture taken in the lobby of this big, fancy hotel. And you know, my friend asked me, well, would it be perceived as exclusionary if the white people did the same thing, And I said to her, you would need to ask why do the black people feel the need to take the photo together? Because if you ask that question, you would receive the answer that forever we have been in the minority. I don't think a white person has ever had to wonder in a white circumstance when they walk into a room that they're legitimacy or their right to be there, or their color is at all questions. You moved through the world just assuming that everything's fine because you're in the majority, so it's never an issue. So when you see more people like you, that's a sign of progress, actually that there are more of you in this setting. And so you could look at this and say that these people for the first time are getting together to celebrate the fact that they've all arrived together in the same place at the same time, And isn't that wonderful And isn't that worth memorializing. In other words, you needn't take it as an insult against you. You should take it as this group celebrating what they have accomplished together and where they are. And I think that that is something that a lot of groups can identify. With the conversations that I'm having with my white friends, there's one glaring difference in all of those conversations, which is we also include Amy Cooper in the discussion. Because the thing that I find a sort of the mirror that's held up to white America from that Amy Cooper experience in Central Park is that there's a narrative in her head that if I call the police, I have this understanding, this narrative that the police will believe me and take my side, they will not believe him and not take his side, and my problem will be solved. And although not everyone would weaponize that like she did, every white American knows that narrative. We all know that narrative. And I think that conversation that I'm having with my white friends is that that we have that narrative is part of the problem. It's not that we like the narrative. It's not that we approve of the narrative. But we've never stood up and said we should change that narrative. And that is a complicated process that includes the relationship with law enforcement and the culture of law enforcement and how law enforcement responds to things. But that's the very uncomfortable conversation that I've been having with white friends that I have not been having with black friends. Well, I think that's good, and I think it's very important that you point out that if anyone's looking for the definition of privilege, I think Amy Cooper gave everyone a fine example of that. Why do I say that because it was grounded in an assumption that her whiteness and her feeling threatened would automatically result in an outcome because there were assumptions made about the black man who was asking her to obey the law, that she would be believed and he wouldn't. So it was particularly pernicious on several levels, and it required a kind of premeditation of thought that I thought, frankly, was astonishing, actually breathtaking, that she would default to that so easily, And it was also telling, and it said a lot about who she was and where she came from. I also find it very interesting that their last names were the same, because the likelihood of tracing those lines back a few generations might put them in the same family. I was also struck by her, even in that racist expression, that she chose to be politically correct and say to the police, there's an African American man who's threatening me. Yes, you know, for fears saying the wrong thing. Yes, yeah, the contemporary term. Yeah. But my point is is, like, I think these uncomfortable conversations, to your point, they need to they need to happen everywhere. Do you have ideas on how people can have this conversation with their children about what's happening right now. I think it's important for the parents to simply say, we live in a world where differences between people are not always honored and recognized, and this comes from a lack of awareness about difference. There is a historical portion to this that have to do with how one group of people has been subjugated or terrorized for many, many decades, centuries, and so it's got a historical connection. And some of these behaviors are handed down from one generation to the next and they're never questioned, and sometimes they become institutionalized, and they result in terrible behavior. And so my hope for you would be that were you to see something like this, you would speak up against it. Yeah, my niece, both her best friends are black, and she is completely perplexed. Her mother has had conversations with her about what's happening, and she is completely perplexed. She cannot understand why there's a problem, like she can understand why we don't see each other just as human beings, and the conversation is fascinating. This little girl completely does not understand the conversation that the world doesn't see other people like she does, which is they're just her friends. How old is she. She's eleven, She's about to turn eleven. I mean this gets into our education system as well, because I think when we are educated on the true history of the United States, we can connect it to our present time. The sad part of it is is that liberal arts education has long been discredited as having little value because the belief was that it didn't result in economic gain. Right, so you had to focus on the courses that we're going to lead you to a job, not necessarily that we're going to build your awareness of the world around you, the culture you come from, the government, that you're ruled by, the laws that are written that you have to follow. I find that very curious that we have relegated that to a position of not being important. You know, when I went to high school, I had to take Civics. I had to know all of the branches of government. I had to know how many in each one. I had to know how it all function. I had to know how legislation got passed. I had to understand the history of the country from the ground up. And then you know when I took Black studies because that was very fashionable in the seventies, and the reason that that became a subject was because American history and American literature, an American discourse wouldn't include that in the history. It was as though slavery were a footnote to talk about how great Abraham Lincoln was and how we got over it, and then we went from you know, Abraham Lincoln to Martin Luther King to your grandmother and then you and that was history. You talk about this, I've heard you say this before. How February isn't Black History Month, it's American History month. Yes, this is American history, and it's a part of American history. And there's no getting away that it's a part of American history. So one must ask oneself why one never learned those stories? What were the social mechanisms behind keeping that hidden? That will take you to some of the truths that are being exposed today. Yeah, But now the very very difficult conversation, which is the very difficult subject, which is going back to where we started, which is how to have uncomfortable conversations and how to listen and how not to be triggered, but how to create safe space, which is those safe spaces and those same conversations, those same difficult conversations now need to happen within police forces. It starts by holding up a mirror that White America needs to look at itself and the policing organizations need to have those conversations themselves internally. And how does Black America, White America, and police America have a conversation about the way forward? That is an unbelievably uncomfortable conversation that has to happen. Well, you know, and these conversations are not unique to us. There are models for this in the world. I think South Africa got into these discussions. I think Germany got into these discussions, you know. I found Germany's need to atone for its Nazi past particularly interesting. They felt a need to make a public recognition of the fact that this was a terrible event in history that scarred them and egregiously wounded many survivors and killed millions of others. Their willingness to acknowledge that publicly and to make it part of how they think about their institutions is I think a tremendous example to the world. And it's too bad that, you know. I think we and our arrogance often do not want to admit that we have done things wrong, that there are things to be atoned for, and that there are generations that have been damaged as a result of that. It goes right back the strength and vulnerability I mean, and that these uncomfortable things are part of our history. Yes, I went to the German History Museum in Berlin, and Germany's history is a lot longer than America's history. Oh yeah, and yet I was astonished by how much much of that German History Museum was taken up just with World War Two. Yes, it was astonishing. Yeah, it wasn't just one room like here was world War Two. It was room upon room upon room upon room, hall upon a hall. That this is a blight on our history, and the only way that we can build a more positive society is if we own it. It's part of our history. We have to learn from it. And so when African Americans say that there is a culture of privilege around white culture, it begins by not recognizing the history. And I'm not talking about slavery. Yeah, everybody kind of learns a little bit about slavery, but no one really discusses what happened in the twentieth century or the really theF this was a defining moment between reconstruction and civil rights. That is the moment because I could run a parallel with Italian Americans, Irish Americans, and everybody else that came here at the turn of the twentieth century, that we're able to carve out and build wealth. That did not happen with African Americans. And it did not happen because a lot of wealth was systematically stolen. And then you know, African Americans became like a tool between the two political parties, which you know, played us to their own ends. And I think there needs to be a recognition of that fact because a lot of this racism and a lot of these tensions have their roots in economic disenfranchisement. And until we go back and we look at that history and we understand the way that that occurred and that the impact that that has had, we will never be able to course correct. So how do we move forward? David Well, I think it begins with historical recognition. I think we really do need to grapple with our history, so we have to look back before we can go forward. I think you look back to provide context for present discussions, not just to look back and say you looked. It's to provide the context for understanding of present times and how that informs our future. That's worth repeating, which is looking back, reading a book, watching a documentary. Understanding the history is not just to check a box and say I did it, but it's to actually gain an understanding of how people feel or what's happening now. Yeah, and it's also to place yourself in the continuum. You're not just sitting outside and watching it. You're a part of it. You're part of the action of the unfolding of history, and so you have to be able to see yourself as part of the street. The thing that I'm taking away from this this repeating pattern that asking for help, admitting vulnerability, admitting mistakes. You know, as a society, to admit the blights in our own history, but even as individuals, if we say something that does trigger some thing, it's okay if that happens, is immediately if we recognize that it has happened and say I'm sorry, and to understand why it was a trigger and that the through line and this whole discussion that you and I have had is about admitting that we're human and the desire to move forward. It's about admitting mistakes and the desire to fix those mistakes. It's about understanding context and the desire to appreciate the experiences that another human being has, especially people who are different in all its forms. And the courage, and this is what you know to be the leaders we wish we had the courage to be the first one to say I'm struggling and I need help. Is the way to start a conversation. If I was in parts And I'm sure there are a lot of companies out there that have white leadership, CEOs, presidents, whatnot, and they have a substantial number of black employees. And if you're at a loss for knowing what to say, get in to a room of people of black people and just say I want your input. And there's a lot I don't know. I need to understand this from your point of view. And I'm doing this because I'd like to be part of the solution, not perpetuate the problem. So I'm just gonna sit here and I want an honest undressing of the leadership of my company when it comes to this, because I've not had to think about that, and I realize that that is something that perhaps I should have done, but I'm now seeing that I didn't, so I would just in the interest of building a culture for everyone that works, and because these are such hot button topics, I would love to know your thoughts. Now. That is true vulnerability, because the leaders would have to be willing to accept what was said, but also the employees would have to have the courage to say something to someone who could fire them. David, that is a perfect way to end a podcast. But the way I went ended as saying, and that is a perfect beginning. Yes, that is a perfect beginning. Thanks so much. You're welcome. Thanks so much for having me, Thank you for listening, and if you'd like more bits of optimism, please subscribe wherever you listen to podcasts. I hope you'll join me next time. Take care of yourselves and take care of each other.

All relationships experience tensions, and sometimes that tension just has to come out. We can't argue and fight forever. At some point we have to learn to listen. It's only when someone feels heard can we move forward and make the relationship stronger. The same is true for a society. People want to feel heard, and right now, African Americans as a community want to feel heard. There is work to be done at a societal level, for sure, but that work also starts closer to home. Each one of us, especially white America, needs to have some uncomfortable conversations. One of the problems is most of us don't know how to start those conversations, even if we want to have one. Over the past few weeks, I reached out to my friend and colleague David Harris to guide me and help me learn how I can start uncomfortable and necessary conversations. Here is one of them, and this is a bit of optimism. David, thank you so much for agreeing to sit down and talk. When we all heard the news of what happened to George Floyd, and more importantly, when we saw the footage of what happened to George Floyd, I think it ignited something in this nation that hasn't been ignited in many years that needed to come out, and I, for one, I think, like many others, didn't know how to respond. I struggled to find the right words to say and even to how to start a difficult conversation. And only through difficult conversations and through listening will we learn to understand someone else's experience. And not only is it essential for these difficult conversations to happen as individuals, but organizations and their teams need to have these conversations as well. So I wanted to sit down with you now to get your guidance for others on how to start these conversations, how to have these conversations. How were you so good when I call David I need help? Well, I guess it comes from an automatic orientation more toward admitting when you don't know something and asking questions, and I think many people are fearful of asking questions in learning situations. The problem is is that with this particular circumstance, this was a life lesson, and life lessons invariably are more loaded, particularly something like this, because it's treated with history and when you're dealing with a circumstance that's freighted with history, you're often dealing with lack of exposure and ignorance. And I don't say ignorance to be negative. I say ignorance in the sense of just not having awareness for whatever reason. You know a lot of things that I'm ignorant of, a lot of things that you're ignorant of simply because we don't have the exposure. So if you don't have the exposure to something and yet it's becomes a flashpoint, then the question should be how can I learn about this? Not I'm dumb for not knowing it. How can I learn? And it's interesting people will apply this to math or English or French or Spanish or science, but they won't apply it to basic human circumstance. I find that very interesting. That's such a good point. Like I'm ignorant of trigonometry, and I don't feel bad for saying that, right, But when you say you're ignorant of some sort of social thing or human thing, all of a sudden, it becomes pejorative for some reason. Yeah, And I think part of the reason that that is the case is because again, people are afraid of judgment they're afraid of being caught with their pants down of I don't know what to say because I'm not aware of it, right, And I think I said to you in a prior discussion that this is very similar to what happens if you have a close friend and that friend experience is a death and you've not experienced really intense grief or loss. Some people are totally thrown by that. They don't know how to interact with it. They they are more at a loss for words. It's not because they don't empathize, it's not because they don't care about the person. It's because they simply don't know what to say. Well, this is interesting because there's there's a pressure, you know. Some some people have said very publicly that if you say nothing, it means that you're not a part of this. And so there's this pressure that we have to say something. Yeah, And I think that that comes some of that comes from a kind of a bottled up frustration with silence, right. I mean, we've throughout history we've had examples of when cultures did not speak up against blat and atrocity, Nazi Germany being one of them. Larry Kramer, the gay actor that said silence equals death. You know, not speaking up is not a good thing in general. I would agree, just on a kind of a moral plane. Yes, it is right to speak up, but it's also important that you know what you're speaking to. And if you don't, I don't know what you're speaking up to or against or for. It's very hard to articulate. The thing that I think really helped for you and I to get started in our difficult conversation is I started when I called you up and said hello. It was very blunt. There was no sugarcoating getting into it. I said, David, I'm struggling to find words what to say, and I need your help. And I think what that did is it created a space that I'm not here to tell you what I think and then get you to respond to it. I'm going to start by saying I'm I'm stuck, and that's what started our conversation. We did it as a team as well. Yes, we had a huddle, and I started the conversation by saying that I've gone on this journey of trying to figure out my feelings in the appropriate way to express them, but also that I want to create a space for our team to say whatever's on their heart and mind without any judgment. And I went first and I told people everything that I've been feeling and got very choked up, and then I stopped talking and allowed whoever wanted to speak to speak. You played this incredible role on our team for US where you helped provide context as people spoke. You offered no judgment, but rather context to each thing. We said. How did you learn? Where did you learn not to listen? Where did you learn to listen? I guess is what I'm trying to get at. I think some of this comes from my having been the odd man out in so many circumstances throughout my life. I'm an African American man. I was forced into a integrated circumstance in perhaps it was difficult years in US history nineteen sixty eight, as a you know, eight or nine year old child going to an all white school, being torn away from my you know, from the world that was familiar to me, and having to sink or swim in in that environment. It was a very racially hostile time in the United States. But my parents were very intent on having me experience what they felt the real world was. They didn't want me growing up in a bubble thinking that everyone was African American and everyone got along. They wanted me to understand what it was to be different and what it was to be perceived is different, very early on, and I believe that they wanted to inoculate me, to toughen me up in a way. You know, their generation was the generation of Jim Crow. They tell the story of traveling across the United States for their honeymoon in nineteen forty nine and having to sleep in their car as they went from Ohio to California, simply because there were so many hotels that would not allow black people in them, and if they found one, they would have to check in late at night and they would have to be gone before anyone else saw them in the morning. And so flash forward many years and it's my world now, and I'm you know, the world is blowing up. There's a lot of rebellion the Black Panthers, there's the Black Power Movement, there is the assassination of MLKA, There's tremendous resistance in some white communities to everything African Americans are asking for. And we need to remember while we're celebrating Martin Luther King in twenty twenty. He was not celebrated in nineteen sixty eight. I've always found it very interesting that people become lauded after they die, but not in their time quite often, and that's because we get distanced from it, and we sometimes realize that they were right. And I think people realize that a lot of the moral tone that he used in his discourse was absolutely correct, and it was inspirational and aspirational and everything that we would want to be. So when you ask me, you know, how did I cultivate this ability to listen, it was from being different and I had to understand my environment very quickly. And then add to that being a gay man also, I had to figure that out as well. You know, I had to figure that out within my circle of black friends and people who were black and straight, and I had to figure out that with white straight people, and I had to figure out how to be black, and you know, and then there were kind of all of these overlapping challenges, and you know, to tell you the truth, I would not take any of that experience away. It was difficult. It continues to be a challenge, but I consider it to be one of the most enriching experiences of my life because it's allowed me to somewhat sit on the outside of situations and to really listen to what's being said, because sometimes your survival can depend on that. Yeah, individuals and teams have to have these difficult conversations for multiple reasons. One to understand and as you said, to gain some empathy, to gain some understanding of how people who are different than us are going through the world and experience the world. I mean, even the story of your parents is astonishing, But I think many people are afraid. As you said, it's like the death in the family, which is we cause accidental harm because we're so uncomfortable that we don't want to say the wrong thing, or we don't want to offend that we just say nothing, or we don't have the team conversations because we we're so afraid of getting it wrong. So how does somebody start a conversation even if it's wrong. What happens if somebody says something that's a trigger. I'm going to give you a great example of this because I recently had an uncomfortable conversation with a former colleague of mine who I adore. She's absolutely a fantastic person. I consider her an ally, not just in this but in a lot of things, and we're very mutually supportive of each other. And we got into this conversation about this subject. You know, I was talking about the fact that at a company event that we were at together, you know, all of the black employees got together to have their picture taken, and that there was a certain pride in doing that. But it was a very funny circumstance because you know, even though there's a huge group of people, the black employees were still in the minority. So we all got together and we ran around and search for each other to have this big picture taken in the lobby of this big, fancy hotel. And you know, my friend asked me, well, would it be perceived as exclusionary if the white people did the same thing, And I said to her, you would need to ask why do the black people feel the need to take the photo together? Because if you ask that question, you would receive the answer that forever we have been in the minority. I don't think a white person has ever had to wonder in a white circumstance when they walk into a room that they're legitimacy or their right to be there, or their color is at all questions. You moved through the world just assuming that everything's fine because you're in the majority, so it's never an issue. So when you see more people like you, that's a sign of progress, actually that there are more of you in this setting. And so you could look at this and say that these people for the first time are getting together to celebrate the fact that they've all arrived together in the same place at the same time, And isn't that wonderful And isn't that worth memorializing. In other words, you needn't take it as an insult against you. You should take it as this group celebrating what they have accomplished together and where they are. And I think that that is something that a lot of groups can identify. With the conversations that I'm having with my white friends, there's one glaring difference in all of those conversations, which is we also include Amy Cooper in the discussion. Because the thing that I find a sort of the mirror that's held up to white America from that Amy Cooper experience in Central Park is that there's a narrative in her head that if I call the police, I have this understanding, this narrative that the police will believe me and take my side, they will not believe him and not take his side, and my problem will be solved. And although not everyone would weaponize that like she did, every white American knows that narrative. We all know that narrative. And I think that conversation that I'm having with my white friends is that that we have that narrative is part of the problem. It's not that we like the narrative. It's not that we approve of the narrative. But we've never stood up and said we should change that narrative. And that is a complicated process that includes the relationship with law enforcement and the culture of law enforcement and how law enforcement responds to things. But that's the very uncomfortable conversation that I've been having with white friends that I have not been having with black friends. Well, I think that's good, and I think it's very important that you point out that if anyone's looking for the definition of privilege, I think Amy Cooper gave everyone a fine example of that. Why do I say that because it was grounded in an assumption that her whiteness and her feeling threatened would automatically result in an outcome because there were assumptions made about the black man who was asking her to obey the law, that she would be believed and he wouldn't. So it was particularly pernicious on several levels, and it required a kind of premeditation of thought that I thought, frankly, was astonishing, actually breathtaking, that she would default to that so easily, And it was also telling, and it said a lot about who she was and where she came from. I also find it very interesting that their last names were the same, because the likelihood of tracing those lines back a few generations might put them in the same family. I was also struck by her, even in that racist expression, that she chose to be politically correct and say to the police, there's an African American man who's threatening me. Yes, you know, for fears saying the wrong thing. Yes, yeah, the contemporary term. Yeah. But my point is is, like, I think these uncomfortable conversations, to your point, they need to they need to happen everywhere. Do you have ideas on how people can have this conversation with their children about what's happening right now. I think it's important for the parents to simply say, we live in a world where differences between people are not always honored and recognized, and this comes from a lack of awareness about difference. There is a historical portion to this that have to do with how one group of people has been subjugated or terrorized for many, many decades, centuries, and so it's got a historical connection. And some of these behaviors are handed down from one generation to the next and they're never questioned, and sometimes they become institutionalized, and they result in terrible behavior. And so my hope for you would be that were you to see something like this, you would speak up against it. Yeah, my niece, both her best friends are black, and she is completely perplexed. Her mother has had conversations with her about what's happening, and she is completely perplexed. She cannot understand why there's a problem, like she can understand why we don't see each other just as human beings, and the conversation is fascinating. This little girl completely does not understand the conversation that the world doesn't see other people like she does, which is they're just her friends. How old is she. She's eleven, She's about to turn eleven. I mean this gets into our education system as well, because I think when we are educated on the true history of the United States, we can connect it to our present time. The sad part of it is is that liberal arts education has long been discredited as having little value because the belief was that it didn't result in economic gain. Right, so you had to focus on the courses that we're going to lead you to a job, not necessarily that we're going to build your awareness of the world around you, the culture you come from, the government, that you're ruled by, the laws that are written that you have to follow. I find that very curious that we have relegated that to a position of not being important. You know, when I went to high school, I had to take Civics. I had to know all of the branches of government. I had to know how many in each one. I had to know how it all function. I had to know how legislation got passed. I had to understand the history of the country from the ground up. And then you know when I took Black studies because that was very fashionable in the seventies, and the reason that that became a subject was because American history and American literature, an American discourse wouldn't include that in the history. It was as though slavery were a footnote to talk about how great Abraham Lincoln was and how we got over it, and then we went from you know, Abraham Lincoln to Martin Luther King to your grandmother and then you and that was history. You talk about this, I've heard you say this before. How February isn't Black History Month, it's American History month. Yes, this is American history, and it's a part of American history. And there's no getting away that it's a part of American history. So one must ask oneself why one never learned those stories? What were the social mechanisms behind keeping that hidden? That will take you to some of the truths that are being exposed today. Yeah, But now the very very difficult conversation, which is the very difficult subject, which is going back to where we started, which is how to have uncomfortable conversations and how to listen and how not to be triggered, but how to create safe space, which is those safe spaces and those same conversations, those same difficult conversations now need to happen within police forces. It starts by holding up a mirror that White America needs to look at itself and the policing organizations need to have those conversations themselves internally. And how does Black America, White America, and police America have a conversation about the way forward? That is an unbelievably uncomfortable conversation that has to happen. Well, you know, and these conversations are not unique to us. There are models for this in the world. I think South Africa got into these discussions. I think Germany got into these discussions, you know. I found Germany's need to atone for its Nazi past particularly interesting. They felt a need to make a public recognition of the fact that this was a terrible event in history that scarred them and egregiously wounded many survivors and killed millions of others. Their willingness to acknowledge that publicly and to make it part of how they think about their institutions is I think a tremendous example to the world. And it's too bad that, you know. I think we and our arrogance often do not want to admit that we have done things wrong, that there are things to be atoned for, and that there are generations that have been damaged as a result of that. It goes right back the strength and vulnerability I mean, and that these uncomfortable things are part of our history. Yes, I went to the German History Museum in Berlin, and Germany's history is a lot longer than America's history. Oh yeah, and yet I was astonished by how much much of that German History Museum was taken up just with World War Two. Yes, it was astonishing. Yeah, it wasn't just one room like here was world War Two. It was room upon room upon room upon room, hall upon a hall. That this is a blight on our history, and the only way that we can build a more positive society is if we own it. It's part of our history. We have to learn from it. And so when African Americans say that there is a culture of privilege around white culture, it begins by not recognizing the history. And I'm not talking about slavery. Yeah, everybody kind of learns a little bit about slavery, but no one really discusses what happened in the twentieth century or the really theF this was a defining moment between reconstruction and civil rights. That is the moment because I could run a parallel with Italian Americans, Irish Americans, and everybody else that came here at the turn of the twentieth century, that we're able to carve out and build wealth. That did not happen with African Americans. And it did not happen because a lot of wealth was systematically stolen. And then you know, African Americans became like a tool between the two political parties, which you know, played us to their own ends. And I think there needs to be a recognition of that fact because a lot of this racism and a lot of these tensions have their roots in economic disenfranchisement. And until we go back and we look at that history and we understand the way that that occurred and that the impact that that has had, we will never be able to course correct. So how do we move forward? David Well, I think it begins with historical recognition. I think we really do need to grapple with our history, so we have to look back before we can go forward. I think you look back to provide context for present discussions, not just to look back and say you looked. It's to provide the context for understanding of present times and how that informs our future. That's worth repeating, which is looking back, reading a book, watching a documentary. Understanding the history is not just to check a box and say I did it, but it's to actually gain an understanding of how people feel or what's happening now. Yeah, and it's also to place yourself in the continuum. You're not just sitting outside and watching it. You're a part of it. You're part of the action of the unfolding of history, and so you have to be able to see yourself as part of the street. The thing that I'm taking away from this this repeating pattern that asking for help, admitting vulnerability, admitting mistakes. You know, as a society, to admit the blights in our own history, but even as individuals, if we say something that does trigger some thing, it's okay if that happens, is immediately if we recognize that it has happened and say I'm sorry, and to understand why it was a trigger and that the through line and this whole discussion that you and I have had is about admitting that we're human and the desire to move forward. It's about admitting mistakes and the desire to fix those mistakes. It's about understanding context and the desire to appreciate the experiences that another human being has, especially people who are different in all its forms. And the courage, and this is what you know to be the leaders we wish we had the courage to be the first one to say I'm struggling and I need help. Is the way to start a conversation. If I was in parts And I'm sure there are a lot of companies out there that have white leadership, CEOs, presidents, whatnot, and they have a substantial number of black employees. And if you're at a loss for knowing what to say, get in to a room of people of black people and just say I want your input. And there's a lot I don't know. I need to understand this from your point of view. And I'm doing this because I'd like to be part of the solution, not perpetuate the problem. So I'm just gonna sit here and I want an honest undressing of the leadership of my company when it comes to this, because I've not had to think about that, and I realize that that is something that perhaps I should have done, but I'm now seeing that I didn't, so I would just in the interest of building a culture for everyone that works, and because these are such hot button topics, I would love to know your thoughts. Now. That is true vulnerability, because the leaders would have to be willing to accept what was said, but also the employees would have to have the courage to say something to someone who could fire them. David, that is a perfect way to end a podcast. But the way I went ended as saying, and that is a perfect beginning. Yes, that is a perfect beginning. Thanks so much. You're welcome. Thanks so much for having me, Thank you for listening, and if you'd like more bits of optimism, please subscribe wherever you listen to podcasts. I hope you'll join me next time. Take care of yourselves and take care of each other.