A final look at the Pioneer Fund's attempt to use racist pseudoscience to overturn the Brown v Board of Education Supreme Court decision.

Sources & Further Reading:

Tucker, William (2002). The Funding of Scientific Racism: Wickliffe Draper and The Pioneer Fund. University of Illinois Press.

Jackson, John P. Jr (2005). Science for Segregation: Race, Law, and the Case Against Brown v. Board of Education. New York University Press.

Sussman, Robert Wald (2014). The Myth of Race: The Troubling Persistence of an Unscientific Idea. Harvard University Press.

Newby, IA (1967). Challenge to the Court: Social Scientists and the Defense of Segregation 1955-1966. Louisiana State University Press.

Gabriel, Ricardo, "Somos Boricuas y Estamos Despertando: Decolonial Education, Collective Identity, and the Struggle for Puerto Rican Studies" (2023). CUNY Academic Works.
https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/5583

Kenneth B. Clark, The Desegregation Cases: Criticism of the Social Scientist' s Role, 5 Vill. L. Rev. 224 (1959).
Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/vlr/vol5/iss2/5

Ernest van den Haag, Social Science Testimony in the Desegregation Cases - A Reply to Professor Kenneth Clark, 6 Vill. L. Rev. 69 (1960).
Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/vlr/vol6/iss1/3

https://www.naacpldf.org/brown-vs-board/significance-doll-test/

https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/charleston-church-shooting/dont-blame-us-church-shootings-council-conservative-citizens-says-n380126

https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1968/02/03/south-africa-the-south-west

https://x.com/socialistdogmom/status/1439283771237339139

https://time.com/archive/6873118/education-a-negro-in-ole-miss/

https://time.com/archive/6873165/the-south-the-intruder/

https://www.mississippifreepress.org/editors-note-the-lies-scientific-racists-told-about-jacksons-children/

https://www.jacksonfreepress.com/news/2017/nov/15/how-integration-failed-jacksons-public-schools-196/

https://www.nea.org/nea-today/all-news-articles/revisiting-brown-v-board-education-70-years-later

https://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/document.php?id=cqal83-857-26237-1197399#_

https://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/07/us/desegregation-plans-in-peril.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1963/09/10/archives/wallace-orders-guard-units-out-for-school-duty-they-replace-state.html

Transcripts:
https://ldfrecollection.org/archives/archives-search/archives-item/d965a6d8-9452-495b-84ad-0d5be465964a/stell-v-savannah-chatham-county-board-of-education-transcript-of-proceedings

https://ldfrecollection.org/archives/archives-search/archives-item/209f0fe1-c065-4a37-b229-fc7b233ce2f3/evers-v-jackson-separate-municipal-school-district-transcript

https://ldfrecollection.org/archives/archives-search/archives-item/df5c8b3d-e3fa-465d-a071-7c18dcbd1ce7/evers-v-jackson-separate-municipal-school-district-transcript-1

https://ldfrecollection.org/archives/archives-search/archives-item/3c162003-4708-41e2-83da-437c93f0394a/evers-v-jackson-separate-municipal-school-district-transcript-2

Other Court Documents:

https://www.icj-cij.org/case/47

https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1748927/evers-v-jackson-municipal-separate-school-district/

https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/347/483/#F11

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/220/667/1815159/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/255/88/1818366/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/724/1384/1468033/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/387/486/262018/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/333/55/14062/