The Madlanga Commission has heard testimony that Johannesburg Metro Police Department (JMPD) Internal Affairs identified a pattern of collusion between certain JMPD officers and criminal elements. Head of JMPD Internal Affairs, Superintendent Elmarie de Beer, testified that the units most frequently implicated include the Tactical Response Unit (TRU), the Special Patrol Unit (SPU) and, to a lesser extent, the K9 Unit. De Beer further testified that criminal networks allegedly used civilian informers to identify cash-intensive businesses, with some cases involving collaboration between JMPD officers and other criminal actors. Supt. Elmarie de Beer says lack of evidence was a shortcoming in dealing with Superintendent Phineas Manyama's investigation...