Believe it or not, we’re still not up to Karl Marx because we’re mired in the turn of the 19th Century. Part Two reveals the progenitors of socialist theory toward the end of the Enlightenment era. Charles Fourier, Henri de Saint-Simon and Robert Owen lay the groundwork coming out of the American and French revolutions by imagining new societies and mechanisms of power. In their writings we begin to see the roots of Marxian philosophy and draw upon concepts and experiments that would influence Marx and others during the second industrial revolution.

Resources

The Collector: What do Hegel and Marx Have in Common?

Socialist Alternative: Robert Owen and Utopian Socialism

Encyclopedia of Marxism: Events

Washington State University: Introduction to 19th-Century Socialism | Common Errors in English Usage and More

Howard Zinn: Commemorating Emma Goldman: 'Living My Life'

Stanford: Hegel's Dialectics

The History of Economic Thought: Cesare Beccaria 

Stanford: Jeremy Bentham

Foundation for Economic Education: Robert Owen: The Woolly-Minded Cotton Spinner

Book Love

Joseph A. Schumpeter: Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy

John M. Thompson: Revolutionary Russia, 1917

Bernard Harcourt: Critique and Praxis

Ray Ginger: The Bending Cross: A Biography of Eugene Victor Debs

Karl Marx: The Communist Manifesto

Karl Marx: Das Kapital 

Michael Harrington: Socialism: Past and Future

Victor Serge + Natalia Ivanovna Sedova: Life and Death of Leon Trotsky

Anne Sebba: Ethel Rosenberg: An American Tragedy

Bernie Sanders: It’s Ok to Be Angry about Capitalism

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