Numbers, by definition, go on forever. Whatever number you think of, you can always find one bigger - all the way out to infinity. 

But have you ever stopped to think about what a really big number is actually like? That there are numbers you can't even write out long form inside this universe? 

This episode we explore the march of big numbers, all the way up to Graham's Number!

The Wholesome Show is Dr Rod Lamberts and Dr Will Grant, joined today by Sam Vilkins and proudly brought to you by The Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science!

Numbers, by definition, go on forever. Whatever number you think of, you can always find one bigger - all the way out to infinity. But have you ever stopped to think about what a really big number is actually like? That there are numbers you can't even write out long form inside this universe? This episode we explore the march of big numbers, all the way up to Graham's Number! The Wholesome Show is Dr Rod Lamberts and Dr Will Grant, joined today by Sam Vilkins and proudly brought to you by The Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science!

From tales of historical idiocracy and scientific genius to weird and wacky cultural phenomena, Dr Rod Lamberts and Dr Will Grant are here to take you on a wild conversational journey, deep diving into the crevices of science, history and culture that you never knew existed. 

From tales of historical idiocracy and scientific genius to weird and wacky cultural phenomena, Dr Rod Lamberts and Dr Will Grant are here to take you on a wild conversational journey, deep diving into the crevices of science, history and culture that you never knew existed.

Science stories for people who sit up the back of…

The Wholesome Show

Numbers, by definition, go on forever. Whatever n…

Getting to Graham's Number!

Over the millions of years of evolution, we humans have developed into a highly intelligent species. We’ve developed the ability to communicate, we’ve created social order, and established norms and protocols that facilitate a (mostly) harmonious coexistence. Take, for example, the fact that we all know how to stand in line to order a beverage.



But now, after millennia of humans lining up and waiting their turn, it seems all of a sudden there’s an entire generation that doesn’t know how to queue. They loiter in the vicinity of the line, they leave long gaps between them and the person in front, making the queue, if there even is one, ambiguous at best. Are they in the queue? Are they out of the queue? It’s all very unclear and to be honest, when all you want is your coffee, it’s wildly frustrating for us olds.



Now this is making a huge generalisation about a large group of people in society, but someone needs to say it. Sorry Generation Z, we love you, but it seems like you don't know how to queue properly. What’s going on?





CHAPTERS:
00:00 Why can’t Gen Z queue properly
03:33 Queue research: Cultural, Social and Psychology studies
05:33 Cultural Differences in Queuing 
08:50 Gen Z Don’t Care About Queue Jumpers
10:11 Is Social Media to Blame?
13:06 The Legendary AFL Queue of 1965
16:16 Why Queue Fitness Has Dropped
20:42 The Art of Queue Jumping
24:18 Generational Differences and Social Norms
25:45 The Magic of the Seventh Son
30:17 What’s Next on The Wholesome Show



SOURCES:
A global guide to queuing philosophies, from Wimbledon to São Paulo, Quartz
Generation Z more likely to queue-jump and let others do the same, poll claims
No, Argentina's president did not adopt a Jewish child to stop him turning into a werewolf by Uki Goni in The Guardian
Queue Culture: The Waiting Line as a Social System, by Leon Mann in the American Journal of Sociology
The Psychology of Queuing, in Psychology, by A Furnham, L Treglown, G & Horne, G.
What’s Up Doc? Seventh Sons in Victorian and Edwardian Lancashire, by Simon Young in Folklore

Over the millions of years of evolution, we humans have developed into a highly intelligent species. We’ve developed the ability to communicate, we’ve created social order, and established norms and protocols that facilitate a (mostly) harmonious coexistence. Take, for example, the fact that we all know how to stand in line to order a beverage.
 
But now, after millennia of humans lining up and waiting their turn, it seems all of a sudden there’s an entire generation that doesn’t know how to queue. They loiter in the vicinity of the line, they leave long gaps between them and the person in front, making the queue, if there even is one, ambiguous at best. Are they in the queue? Are they out of the queue? It’s all very unclear and to be honest, when all you want is your coffee, it’s wildly frustrating for us olds.
 
Now this is making a huge generalisation about a large group of people in society, but someone needs to say it. Sorry Generation Z, we love you, but it seems like you don't know how to queue properly. What’s going on?
 
CHAPTERS:
<ul>
<li aria-level="1">00:00 Why can’t Gen Z queue properly</li>
<li aria-level="1">03:33 Queue research: Cultural, Social and Psychology studies</li>
<li aria-level="1">05:33 Cultural Differences in Queuing </li>
<li aria-level="1">08:50 Gen Z Don’t Care About Queue Jumpers</li>
<li aria-level="1">10:11 Is Social Media to Blame?</li>
<li aria-level="1">13:06 The Legendary AFL Queue of 1965</li>
<li aria-level="1">16:16 Why Queue Fitness Has Dropped</li>
<li aria-level="1">20:42 The Art of Queue Jumping</li>
<li aria-level="1">24:18 Generational Differences and Social Norms</li>
<li aria-level="1">25:45 The Magic of the Seventh Son</li>
<li aria-level="1">30:17 What’s Next on The Wholesome Show</li>
</ul>
 
SOURCES:
<ul>
<li aria-level="1"><a href="https://qz.com/quartzy/1322666/a-global-guide-to-queuing-philosophies-from-wimbledon-to-sao-paolo">A global guide to queuing philosophies</a>, from Wimbledon to São Paulo, Quartz</li>
<li aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/generation-z-queue-jump-baby-boomers-uk-poll-a8456286.html">Generation Z more likely to queue-jump and let others do the same, poll claims</a></li>
<li aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/29/argentina-kirchner-adopt-child-werewolf">No, Argentina's president did not adopt a Jewish child to stop him turning into a werewolf </a>by Uki Goni in The Guardian</li>
<li aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2775696">Queue Culture: The Waiting Line as a Social System</a>, by Leon Mann in the American Journal of Sociology</li>
<li aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=99238">The Psychology of Queuing</a>, in Psychology, by A Furnham, L Treglown, G &amp; Horne, G.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0015587X.2019.1618068">What’s Up Doc? Seventh Sons in Victorian and Edwardian Lancashire</a>, by Simon Young in Folklore</li>
</ul>

Why Can't Generation Z Queue Properly?

Humans love their independence. Wars have been fought for it, songs have been written about it, and history is filled with examples of individuals and communities seeking to raise a flag towards more liberating ideals. And some have taken the flag very literally. 



Project Minerva was an ambitious endeavour led by Michael Oliver in the 1970s to create a libertarian utopia on the coral reefs of the South Pacific. They got some coral, wrapped it in chicken wire, covered it in cement, and dumped it on the existing coral reefs which lay just a few metres beneath the water line. High above their man-made island, the flag for the Republic of Minerva flew proudly.



But do these libertarians think about the impact on indigenous populations? 



And would you really want to live in a country (or a planet) that is bankrolled and governed by the wealthy elite? Surely they have their own agenda, and it’s likely not the health and well-being of their citizens…


00:00 Shipwrecked on Invisible Reefs
01:27 Michael Oliver Escapes from Nazi Rule
03:28 Constructing a Libertarian Utopia: The Republic of Minerva
05:02 Exploring Libertarian Escapes with Professor Raymond B. Craib
09:09 Post World War II Market Libertarianism
13:27 Sealand: A Libertarian Exit with Longevity
18:15 Ethical Dilemmas of Libertarian Exits
21:42 Grand Schemes of Billionaires: Dreams vs. Reality
22:24 The Labor Dilemma in Utopian Projects
24:52 The Contrast Between Organic and Engineered Libertarian Projects
31:04 Ethical Quandaries of Libertarian Experiments
35:23 Reimagining Power and Governance in Libertarian Exits
42:43 The Cautionary Tale of the Republic of Minerva
45:58 Concluding Thoughts on Libertarian Utopias



SOURCES:
A Narrative of the Wreck of the Minerva, by Peter Bays 
Adventure Capitalism: A History of Libertarian Exit, from the Era of Decolonization to the Digital  Age, by Raymond Craib
Escape Therapy: On Douglas Rushkoff’s “Survival of the Richest”, by Raymond Craib, in LA  Review of Books 

Humans love their independence. Wars have been fought for it, songs have been written about it, and history is filled with examples of individuals and communities seeking to raise a flag towards more liberating ideals. And some have taken the flag very literally. 
 
Project Minerva was an ambitious endeavour led by Michael Oliver in the 1970s to create a libertarian utopia on the coral reefs of the South Pacific. They got some coral, wrapped it in chicken wire, covered it in cement, and dumped it on the existing coral reefs which lay just a few metres beneath the water line. High above their man-made island, the flag for the Republic of Minerva flew proudly.
 
But do these libertarians think about the impact on indigenous populations? 
 
And would you really want to live in a country (or a planet) that is bankrolled and governed by the wealthy elite? Surely they have their own agenda, and it’s likely not the health and well-being of their citizens…
 
<ul>
<li aria-level="1">00:00 Shipwrecked on Invisible Reefs</li>
<li aria-level="1">01:27 Michael Oliver Escapes from Nazi Rule</li>
<li aria-level="1">03:28 Constructing a Libertarian Utopia: The Republic of Minerva</li>
<li aria-level="1">05:02 Exploring Libertarian Escapes with Professor Raymond B. Craib</li>
<li aria-level="1">09:09 Post World War II Market Libertarianism</li>
<li aria-level="1">13:27 Sealand: A Libertarian Exit with Longevity</li>
<li aria-level="1">18:15 Ethical Dilemmas of Libertarian Exits</li>
<li aria-level="1">21:42 Grand Schemes of Billionaires: Dreams vs. Reality</li>
<li aria-level="1">22:24 The Labor Dilemma in Utopian Projects</li>
<li aria-level="1">24:52 The Contrast Between Organic and Engineered Libertarian Projects</li>
<li aria-level="1">31:04 Ethical Quandaries of Libertarian Experiments</li>
<li aria-level="1">35:23 Reimagining Power and Governance in Libertarian Exits</li>
<li aria-level="1">42:43 The Cautionary Tale of the Republic of Minerva</li>
<li aria-level="1">45:58 Concluding Thoughts on Libertarian Utopias</li>
</ul>
 
SOURCES:
<ul>
<li aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/_/wMMNAAAAQAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;pg=PR1">A Narrative of the Wreck of the Minerva</a>, by Peter Bays </li>
<li aria-level="1"><a href="https://pmpress.org/index.php?l=product_detail&amp;p=1242">Adventure Capitalism: A History of Libertarian Exit, from the Era of Decolonization to the Digital  Age</a>, by Raymond Craib</li>
<li aria-level="1"><a href="https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/escape-therapy-on-douglas-rushkoffs-survival-of-the-richest/">Escape Therapy: On Douglas Rushkoff’s “Survival of the Richest”</a>, by Raymond Craib, in LA  Review of Books </li>
</ul>

Can You Make Your Own Country? Project Minerva and Libertarian Exit with Raymond Craib

When you think of the word ‘cult’, what immediately comes to mind for most of us are things like hooded velvet robes, secretive gatherings and doomsday prophesies. Then there’s the charismatic yet nefarious leader brainwashing followers, maybe a forced orgie or two, a spot of mass suicide. Generally not good stuff.



Psychiatrist Robert Jay Lifton outlines three primary characteristics of destructive cults: a charismatic leader, coercive persuasion tactics, and exploitation of members. Well, that pretty much sums up NXIVM and the Order of the Solar Temple.



It’s pretty well established that there are a lot of bad cults. But are there any good ones? 



CHAPTERS:
00:00 Management cult at Rod’s first job
07:01 Scientology: A Cult or Not?
10:23 10 warning signs of being in a cult
14:14 Order of the Solar Temple 
18:51 NXIVM: Were you a Nazi in a former life?
24:16 Cognitive dissonance and why do people join cults? 
31:23 Female Empowerment in New Religious Movements  
34:55 Ma Anand Sheela and Osho
40:04 Defining Cults: Destructive or Benign
44:17 The Wholesome Verdict on Cults
48:26 What’s next on The Wholesome Show



SOURCES:
Benign Cults vs Negative Cults
Rajneesh movement - Wikipedia
How Scientologists Founded the Pancake Parlour

When you think of the word ‘cult’, what immediately comes to mind for most of us are things like hooded velvet robes, secretive gatherings and doomsday prophesies. Then there’s the charismatic yet nefarious leader brainwashing followers, maybe a forced orgie or two, a spot of mass suicide. Generally not good stuff.
 
Psychiatrist Robert Jay Lifton outlines three primary characteristics of destructive cults: a charismatic leader, coercive persuasion tactics, and exploitation of members. Well, that pretty much sums up NXIVM and the Order of the Solar Temple.
 
It’s pretty well established that there are a lot of bad cults. But are there any good ones? 
 
CHAPTERS:
<ul>
<li aria-level="1">00:00 Management cult at Rod’s first job</li>
<li aria-level="1">07:01 Scientology: A Cult or Not?</li>
<li aria-level="1">10:23 10 warning signs of being in a cult</li>
<li aria-level="1">14:14 Order of the Solar Temple </li>
<li aria-level="1">18:51 NXIVM: Were you a Nazi in a former life?</li>
<li aria-level="1">24:16 Cognitive dissonance and why do people join cults? </li>
<li aria-level="1">31:23 Female Empowerment in New Religious Movements  </li>
<li aria-level="1">34:55 Ma Anand Sheela and Osho</li>
<li aria-level="1">40:04 Defining Cults: Destructive or Benign</li>
<li aria-level="1">44:17 The Wholesome Verdict on Cults</li>
<li aria-level="1">48:26 What’s next on The Wholesome Show</li>
</ul>
 
SOURCES:
<ul>
<li aria-level="1"><a href="https://cultbranding.com/ceo/benign-cults-vs-negative-cults/">Benign Cults vs Negative Cults</a></li>
<li aria-level="1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajneesh_movement">Rajneesh movement - Wikipedia</a></li>
<li aria-level="1"><a href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/xyv5qd/the-secret-history-of-pancake-parlour-and-its-links-to-scientology#">How Scientologists Founded the Pancake Parlour</a></li>
</ul>

Getting to Graham's Number!

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