As the buzz around Web3 grows, I thought it would be good to revisit the concepts of Web 1.0 and Web 2.0. What do those terms actually mean? And does Web3 have any connection to them?
Welcome to tech Stuff, a production from I Heart Radio. Hey there, and welcome to tech Stuff. I'm your host, Jonathan Strickland. I'm an executive producer with I Heart Radio. And how the tech are you? You You know? Pretty soon I planned to do an episode about the concept of Web three or Web three point oh, and those terms have a lot of buzz around them. Um, there's also some competing definitions, which is fun for something that's kind of still in the process of coalescing, but that might make you wonder, you know, what the heck was Web two point oh or even Web one point oh. And I have covered this on very old episodes of tech Stuff, but I thought it would be good to do it tidbits episode on the topic. So here's tech Stuff tidbits. Web one and Web two. And first of all, there really was no Web one point oh, at least not formally, and in fact you could argue the same for Web two point oh. Really, during the earliest days of the Web, there was no one there to say this is version one point oh, Like you had version numbers for the various protocols, but the Web itself we did not designate as being Web one. It was just you know, the web. It was just a thing, kind of like how during the First World War no one called it World War One because that would be cynical and pessimistic. I mean, it also would have been accurate. But at the time, the more hopeful humans out there were kind of crossing their fingers that there wouldn't be another, you know, war to end all wars, like another global conflict similar to World War One. Sadly there was, but you know, at the time they weren't thinking that. So in the beginning, it was just the web, you know, just websites with web pages. The first website was launched on August six, and it was in fact a website about the Worldwide Web project itself from Tim Berner's lead, the person who invented the web effectively um and it listed instructions on how to create web pages and to use hypertext to link documents, that is, pages together, and that would allow visitors to navigate from one page to another. The term web two point oh wouldn't emerge until nearly a decade later in and it was a writer named Darcy de Nucci who coined the term in a paper titled Fragmented Future or an article titled Fragmented Future. By the way, you can find that article online. You can read it for free, and I highly recommend you do it. It's you know, it's a historical document at this point, but it's it's incredible to see how much Darcy was predicting that actually became a thing. Darcy's thesis was that the web at that stage in was about to go through a truly transformational evolution um and in fact was already in the process of doing so. And let's let's cast our minds back to the early web. And you may owe my Drew gees not remember what that was like. Things changing so scoring now and people think quick to forget, but you know, back in the early early days of the web, web pages were static. Like you would set out to build a web page, it would probably look a bit like a page in a book, and once you were done, chances were that's just how it was going to be until either you know, whatever machine was hosting the file crashed and the file was no longer available, or you know, you deleted it to put something else up or whatever. So visiting the web was a lot like flipping through the pages of a book, or you know, you might want to be more accurate, say like the pages in a series of magazines that had all been stapled together and shuffled up, and the stuff on the pages might be really interesting, or it might be really informative, or or really entertaining. It could be a list of great jokes. But the fact was those pages didn't change, right. The content on that page on day one would be exactly the same on day one hundred and the same on day one thousand. So you would probably just go to the page once to learn something, and chances are you'd never return again. There would be no reason to, there'd be nothing new there. And so the experience of the web had really limited interactivity, and mostly it was confined to clicking on any active links they're on a page, and then going to some other similarly static page. So it was an incredible achievement, an amazing tool, but it was still, especially when you look at what the web is now, limited in abilities and scope. I Darcy's point was that the web could and would do much much more now. The reason that that could even happen was actually due to the convergence of many things, and all of those things were made possible because of the foundation of the basic protocols or sets of rules if you prefer. That's what protocols are. They are just kind of like instructions or rule sets. Anyway, there are some basic protocols that support the Internet in general and the Web in particular. So for those protocols, you've got the Hypertext Protocol or h T t P, very important for the Web. This is the protocol that allows things like the linking of documents together. And you've also got a pair of protocols called t c P I P and that governs how files move across networks and across the Internet. So these protocols coupled with the Uniform Resource Locator or u r L UH that was really important to The r L denotes a specific file location on a network, so that way, when you are clicking a link in your browser to take you to another page, the browser can actually call up that page because the u r L has the location. Otherwise, you know, you wouldn't know what computer was hosting that particular page, and you would do nothing would happen. You know, you would just be searching for something. But all of these different things made the Web stuff possible, and those would not change. I mean, they would evolve, but they wouldn't become a totally new thing. So Web two point oh would not involve overhauling the bedrock of the web itself. It wasn't about scrapping what came before and building something new. It was more about kind of changing the features that you would find on websites themselves. So we had these other technologies that were enhancing the web experience. There were new markup languages, there were new versions of HTML like dynamic HDML. There were new protocols that allowed for streaming media like streaming audio and streaming video. There were enhancements that allowed for again like dynamic elements on the web pages themselves, so a page could have something that could update over and over again, which also meant that there would be reasons for people to return to that same page over and over again because it wouldn't be the exact same thing they had seen when they came on day one. In addition, there could be elements that would let people interact either with the websites themselves or with one another, or both, and that set the stage for stuff like user generated content and social network platforms. So this kind of interactivity could be as simple as like leaving a message on a comments page, or like a review on a commerce site like Amazon, or it could be as complicated as uploading a video to a host website and attracting people to watch that video. There was also the study improved in data transfer speeds. That was really important because without that then these more rich experiences would take so much time to install and to consume that they wouldn't do any good. Like if you're told, oh, there's gonna be this great web page, you're just gonna to wait forty five minutes for it to load, Chances are you're not gonna invest that time for that experience. So all of these different elements were critical to making the next phase of the Web of possibility. Now, on top of all this, Darcy's hype hypothesis included some really forward thinking stuff like the fact that we would see web connectivity extend beyond desktop computers and laptops, and we would see examples like web connected televisions and car dashboards and mobile game devices. Uh. Darcy even talked about web connected phones. And this was in the era before we started being serious smartphones. This is remember the iPhone doesn't come out until two thousand seven. So essentially, Darcy was predicting a mobile and modular web, complete with advocating for websites that would render in such a way as to be optimized for the end device. Darcy was saying, that's going to be absolutely necessary, that it would be impractical and uh and and self defeating if you had a one size fits all web layout, because the experience on a device like a handheld device would be totally different from that from a desktop. And now we have entire companies that are based around that idea, right, you have companies like squarespace where they create layouts that have uh that that capability of sizing and uh emphasizing web pages properly depended upon what platform you're using to view the website. So yeah, Darcy was for seeing all this. In fact, Darcy even Gay was a very early glimpse at the concept of the Internet of Things. So again, really really great articles. I mean, like I've I've made predictions in tech before, I have never been that savvy and that accurate. So yeah, it's pretty bold. Now in hindsight, of course, we can say, yeah, that's where it went. I mean, it makes sense that obviously that's where it was going to go. But at the time Darcy's predictions weren't necessarily rock solid. I mean, one big reason for that is ninety nine was at the height of the first hype cycle for the web. I'll explain what I mean when we come back from these messages all right now. In the early early years of the web, it took a while for the web to really kind of take off, partly because in the earliest days of the web, there were regulations in place that prevented the commercial use of the inner at Once those were lifted, things would start to change. And by the late nineties, pretty much every company and every organization out there had become convinced that they needed to have a web presence to be competitive and effective into the next century. So new companies that leveraged the web as a fundamental part of their business also popped up right. Not just companies saying how can we use the web to do what we do now but better? But there were brand new companies that said, what can the web? You know, what opportunities do the web? Does the web give us to do business? Now? Some of those companies really didn't even have business plans per se. They might have had a vision of what they might be able to provide thanks to the powers of the web, but when it came to an actual plan to generate revenue, a lot of these companies felt pretty short of that goal. It was really a digital gold rush and land grab all wrapped up together, and people were pouring billions of dollars into it. And as we know now, that trend at the time was unsustainable. Uh, it would turn out that a lot of those startups that first appeared in those early days were incapable of generating enough revenue to support themselves. So in some cases, companies were scaling far too quickly, and once they scaled to a certain size, their expenses were so great that they were spending more money than they were bringing in. But in a few other cases, and these were high profile ones, and unfortunately it it really kind of cast a shadow over the web in general. You had these starry eyed web company founders who were spending ludicrous amounts of money on lavish offices and amenities, and you know, paying themselves this crazy salary using investments, and they weren't really using the investment money to actually establish a working business, and once the money ran out, then the companies were folding. Meanwhile, you had employees who were jumping from job to job because they were attracted by laughish benefits packages. I would also say lavish salaries, but in many cases the compensation largely came in the form of stock options or actual shares of the company itself. And yes, that can be incredibly valuable. If your company hits the big time or if some other company decides to acquire it and then you get paid out for your equity in the company, that can be huge. But if a company falters, well, then there's a good chance your stock is not going to be worth the paper it's printed on. And unfortunately, that happened a lot. So the dot com bubble burst in the early two thousand's that was the initial burst. The spring of two thousand saw stock prices take a massive hit in the tech sector as Japan entered into an economic recession, and that kind of precipitated this global response, and there was an increased amount of attention paid to how a lot of internet companies were burning through their initial investment cash way too quickly with no way to generate revenues. So unless they were going to get regular injections of investment cash. They just couldn't stick around because there was there was nothing to pay for operations. Then the following year, the terrorist attacks in the United States on September eleven, two thousand one, that caused another big drop in the stock market, and at that point, companies that were already kind of on the brink folded and it was incredibly bleak. But some companies were able to weather the storms. So companies like Amazon made it through just barely. And I've talked about that story in a previous episode of Tech Stuff. Um I believe it might have been owned business on the brink, but either way, amazon survival of the dot com bubble was really more down to luck than anything else. eBay was another site that made it through the dot com bubble, and of course there were others. Now flash forward to two thousand four, the tech industry was kind of on the road to recovery. There were people who are actually kind of eager to look ahead at this point, Like there was a lot of damage control and triage in the wake of the dot com bubble burst. But by two thousand four we had kind of rounded the corner. On that, and that's when a media company called O'Reilly, founded by Tim O'Reilly, planned a conference with the name the Web two point oh Conference. And this is really where the term web two point oh became famous. So again, Darcy had invented the phrase five years earlier, but it was this conference in two thousand four where it really became a buzzword. And I would argue that web two point oh took on an additional meaning at this conference, and that would be that the strategies that some companies like Amazon had been using that helped or at least appeared to help get them through the dot com bubble burst and survive were ones that related to web two point oh. So the implication I got was that features like dynamic elements and support for user generated content, the incorporation of other interactive elements, and the use of web based media were what set the survivors of the dot com bubble burst apart from other companies that failed to attract a lot of traffic and make it through. And there's definitely some truth to that. I mean, I sometimes get the feeling the message was, Hey, those companies that didn't make it through the dot com bubble we're holding too tightly onto the old Web one point oh way, but that's not necessarily true. There were companies that were part of the mini that folded that had Web two point oh features to them. So you couldn't just point to this and say if you were Web one point oh, you failed, because not all Web one point oh sites went away, and if you were Web two point oh, you survived because not all those were true either. Now I also admit that this could be just my own misinterpretation of the messaging here. It just felt like that was kind of what the point was that like, in order to really thrive, you need to be Web two point oh. But you know, you can get pretty cynical when you sift through a lot of marketing buzz speaks, So that might just be my own, you know, me bringing baggage to it. Anyway, this is where Web two point oh really took off as a definition, and you can definitely see how stuff like dynamic elements and incorporation of media and social interactivity and all those sort of things have become the underpinnings for much of the Web today, from social networking sites to gaming to news to commerce. It's pretty comment to encounters some or even all of these features. So Darcy was on point. I'm telling you now when it comes to Web three or Web three point oh, that definition depends upon whom you're talking to. Uh. There's the Tim burners Leave version of Web three point oh. He's again the guy who invented the web, and his vision of Web three point oh is a machine readable web, or the so called semantic web. With the semantic web, each person's experience would be customized, you know, tailored if you will, to their own behaviors and needs. And we actually see elements of this already taking form, and things like recommendation engines where on shopping sites, media sites, or social networking sites start giving you recommended things to look at. However, extend that sort of thing to your total experience on the web and you get closer to what Tim berners Lee vision was, and it would be a web that would respond instantly to your needs and provide you with the results you want, assuming it was working properly. And then there's the other definition, the more recent one, which dates to you know, around two thousand fourteen or so, and to be fair, most people don't actually refer to it as Web three point oh. They call it just Web three with no space between the B and web and the numeral three. This version isn't about the semantic web. It's more about relying on blockchain technology to underlie a future version of the web, so that the web would actually be built on top of blockchain. Uh. This is the future that crypto enthusiasts and n f T fans really get excited about, and one in which there would be like a token based economy and a decent trualized approach to the web, at least in theory. But as I said, I'll have to do a full episode about what Web three really means and what it might really look like in the future, and question about is it truly decentralized or not spoiler alert, I am a skeptic. But for now, that's a quick refresher on what Web one point oh, which really wasn't defined until that era was coming to an end, and Web two point oh actually are and again in the future I'll tackle Web three now. If you have suggestions for topics I should tackle on tech stuff, let me know on Twitter. The handle for the show is text Stuff hs W. I look forward to hearing from you, and I'll talk to you again really soon. Text Stuff is an I heart Radio production. For more podcasts from my heart Radio, visit the i heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. Eight