This 2018 episode covers the craze in the 1800s when orchids became a status symbol and the cornerstone of a high-dollar industry. Collecting the plants involved adventure and excitement -- and a high death rate.

This 2018 episode covers the craze in the 1800s when orchids became a status symbol and the cornerstone of a high-dollar industry. Collecting the plants involved adventure and excitement -- and a high death rate.

Join Holly and Tracy as they bring you the greatest and strangest Stuff You Missed In History Class in this podcast by iHeartRadio.

Stuff You Missed in History Class

SYMHC Classics: Victorian Orchidelirium

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/09ddd603-5967-407b-a25e-b21c003c09b2/transcript

Tracy relays how Sarah Winnemucca's story inspired this week's episodes, though they were recorded about a month apart, and also how Ely S. Parker is one of the most complicated figures she has ever written about. 

 

Tracy relays how Sarah Winnemucca's story inspired this week's episodes, though they were recorded about a month apart, and also how Ely S. Parker is one of the most complicated figures she has ever written about.&nbsp;
&nbsp;

Behind the Scenes Minis: Complicated Ely

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/318204b0-32f1-4683-93f1-b2440063d8e2/transcript

While working for the Treasury Department, Ely S. Parker met someone who would become a big part of much of the rest of his life – Ulysses S. Grant. It was through this connection that Parker gained a good deal of power, and cemented a controversial legacy.

Research:

·       Adams, James Ring. “The Many Careers of Ely Parker.” National Museum of the American Indian. Fall 2011.

·       Babcock, Barry. “The Story of Donehogawa, First Indian Commissioner of Indian Affairs.” ICT. 9/13/2018. https://ictnews.org/archive/the-story-of-donehogawa-first-indian-commissioner-of-indian-affairs

·       Contrera, Jessica. “The interracial love story that stunned Washington — twice! — in 1867.” Washington Post. 2/13/2019. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2019/02/13/interracial-love-story-that-stunned-washington-twice/

·       DeJong, David H. “Ely S. Parker Commissioner of Indian Affairs (April 26, 1869–July 24,1871).” From Paternalism to Partnership: The Administration of Indian Affairs, 1786–2021. University of Nebraska Press. (2021). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2cw0sp9.29

·       Eves, Megan. “Repatriation and Reconciliation: The Seneca Nation, The Buffalo History Museum and the Repatriation of the Red Jacket Peace Medal.” Museum Association of New York. 5/26/2021. https://nysmuseums.org/MANYnews/10559296

·       Genetin-Pilawa, C. Joseph. “Ely Parker and the Contentious Peace Policy.” Western Historical Quarterly , Vol. 41, No. 2 (Summer 2010). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/westhistquar.41.2.0196

·       Genetin-Pilawa, C. Joseph. “Ely S. Parker and the Paradox of Reconstruction Politics in Indian Country.” From “The World the Civil War Made. Gregory P. Downs and Kate Masur, editors. University of North Carolina Press. July 2015.

·       Ginder, Jordan and Caitlin Healey. “Biographies: Ely S. Parker.” United States Army National Museum. https://www.thenmusa.org/biographies/ely-s-parker/

·       Hauptman, Laurence M. “On Our Terms: The Tonawanda Seneca Indians, Lewis Henry Morgan, and Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, 1844–1851.” New York History , FALL 2010, Vol. 91, No. 4 (FALL 2010). https://www.jstor.org/stable/23185816

·       Henderson, Roger C. “The Piikuni and the U.S. Army’s Piegan Expedition.” Montana: The Magazine of Western History. Spring 2018. https://mhs.mt.gov/education/IEFA/HendersonMMWHSpr2018.pdf

·       Hewitt, J.N.B. “The Life of General Ely S. Parker, Last Grand Sachem of the Iroquois and General Grant's Military Secretary.” Review. The American Historical Review, Vol. 25, No. 4 (Jul., 1920). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1834953

·       Historical Society of the New York Courts. “Blacksmith v. Fellows, 1852.” https://history.nycourts.gov/case/blacksmith-v-fellows/ Historical Society of the New York Courts. “Ely S. Parker.” https://history.nycourts.gov/figure/ely-parker/

·       Historical Society of the New York Courts. “New York ex rel. Cutler v. Dibble, 1858.” https://history.nycourts.gov/case/cutler-v-dibble/

·       Hopkins, John Christian. “Ely S. Parker: Determined to Make a Difference.” Native Peoples Magazine, Vol. 17 Issue 6, p78, Sep/Oct2004.

·       Justia. “Fellows v. Blacksmith, 60 U.S. 366 (1856).” https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/60/366/

·       Michaelsen, Scott. “Ely S. Parker and Amerindian Voices in Ethnography.” American Literary History , Winter, 1996, Vol. 8, No. 4 (Winter, 1996). https://www.jstor.org/stable/490115

·       Mohawk, John. “Historian Interviews: John Mohawk, PhD.” PBS. Warrior in Two Worlds. https://www.pbs.org/warrior/content/historian/mohawk.html

·       National Parks Service. “Ely Parker.” Appomattox Court House National Historical Park. https://www.nps.gov/people/ely-parker.htm

·       Parker, Arthur C. “The Life of General Ely S. Parker: Last Grand Sachem of the Iroquois and General Grant’s Military Secretary.” Buffalo Historical Society. 1919.

·       Parker, Ely S. “Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs.” December 23, 1869. Parker, Ely. Letter to Harriet Converse, 1885. https://teachingamericanhistory.org/document/letter-to-harriet-converse/ PBS. “A Warrior in Two Worlds: The Life of Ely Parker.” https://www.pbs.org/warrior/noflash/

·       Spurling, Ann, producer and writer and Richard Young, director. “Warrior in Two Worlds.” Wes Studi, Narrator. WXXI. 1999. https://www.pbs.org/video/wxxi-documentaries-warrior-two-worlds/

·       Vergun, David. “Engineer Became Highest Ranking Native American in Union Army.” U.S. Department of Defense. 11/2/2021. https://www.defense.gov/News/Feature-Stories/Story/Article/2781759/engineer-became-highest-ranking-native-american-in-union-army/

While working for the Treasury Department, Ely S. Parker met someone who would become a big part of much of the rest of his life &ndash; Ulysses S. Grant. It was through this connection that Parker gained a good deal of power, and cemented a controversial legacy.
Research:
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Adams, James Ring. &ldquo;The Many Careers of Ely Parker.&rdquo; National Museum of the American Indian. Fall 2011.
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Babcock, Barry. &ldquo;The Story of Donehogawa, First Indian Commissioner of Indian Affairs.&rdquo; ICT. 9/13/2018. https://ictnews.org/archive/the-story-of-donehogawa-first-indian-commissioner-of-indian-affairs
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Contrera, Jessica. &ldquo;The interracial love story that stunned Washington &mdash; twice! &mdash; in 1867.&rdquo; Washington Post. 2/13/2019. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2019/02/13/interracial-love-story-that-stunned-washington-twice/
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; DeJong, David H. &ldquo;Ely S. Parker Commissioner of Indian Affairs (April 26, 1869&ndash;July 24,1871).&rdquo; From Paternalism to Partnership: The Administration of Indian Affairs, 1786&ndash;2021. University of Nebraska Press. (2021). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2cw0sp9.29
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Eves, Megan. &ldquo;Repatriation and Reconciliation: The Seneca Nation, The Buffalo History Museum and the Repatriation of the Red Jacket Peace Medal.&rdquo; Museum Association of New York. 5/26/2021. https://nysmuseums.org/MANYnews/10559296
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Genetin-Pilawa, C. Joseph. &ldquo;Ely Parker and the Contentious Peace Policy.&rdquo; Western Historical Quarterly , Vol. 41, No. 2 (Summer 2010). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/westhistquar.41.2.0196
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Genetin-Pilawa, C. Joseph. &ldquo;Ely S. Parker and the Paradox of Reconstruction Politics in Indian Country.&rdquo; From &ldquo;The World the Civil War Made. Gregory P. Downs and Kate Masur, editors. University of North Carolina Press. July 2015.
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ginder, Jordan and Caitlin Healey. &ldquo;Biographies: Ely S. Parker.&rdquo; United States Army National Museum. https://www.thenmusa.org/biographies/ely-s-parker/
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hauptman, Laurence M. &ldquo;On Our Terms: The Tonawanda Seneca Indians, Lewis Henry Morgan, and Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, 1844&ndash;1851.&rdquo; New York History , FALL 2010, Vol. 91, No. 4 (FALL 2010). https://www.jstor.org/stable/23185816
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Henderson, Roger C. &ldquo;The Piikuni and the U.S. Army&rsquo;s Piegan Expedition.&rdquo; Montana: The Magazine of Western History. Spring 2018. https://mhs.mt.gov/education/IEFA/HendersonMMWHSpr2018.pdf
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hewitt, J.N.B. &ldquo;The Life of General Ely S. Parker, Last Grand Sachem of the Iroquois and General Grant's Military Secretary.&rdquo; Review. The American Historical Review, Vol. 25, No. 4 (Jul., 1920). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1834953
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Historical Society of the New York Courts. &ldquo;Blacksmith v. Fellows, 1852.&rdquo; https://history.nycourts.gov/case/blacksmith-v-fellows/ Historical Society of the New York Courts. &ldquo;Ely S. Parker.&rdquo; https://history.nycourts.gov/figure/ely-parker/
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Historical Society of the New York Courts. &ldquo;New York ex rel. Cutler v. Dibble, 1858.&rdquo; https://history.nycourts.gov/case/cutler-v-dibble/
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hopkins, John Christian. &ldquo;Ely S. Parker: Determined to Make a Difference.&rdquo; Native Peoples Magazine, Vol. 17 Issue 6, p78, Sep/Oct2004.
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Justia. &ldquo;Fellows v. Blacksmith, 60 U.S. 366 (1856).&rdquo; https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/60/366/
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Michaelsen, Scott. &ldquo;Ely S. Parker and Amerindian Voices in Ethnography.&rdquo; American Literary History , Winter, 1996, Vol. 8, No. 4 (Winter, 1996). https://www.jstor.org/stable/490115
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mohawk, John. &ldquo;Historian Interviews: John Mohawk, PhD.&rdquo; PBS. Warrior in Two Worlds. https://www.pbs.org/warrior/content/historian/mohawk.html
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; National Parks Service. &ldquo;Ely Parker.&rdquo; Appomattox Court House National Historical Park. https://www.nps.gov/people/ely-parker.htm
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Parker, Arthur C. &ldquo;The Life of General Ely S. Parker: Last Grand Sachem of the Iroquois and General Grant&rsquo;s Military Secretary.&rdquo; Buffalo Historical Society. 1919.
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Parker, Ely S. &ldquo;Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs.&rdquo; December 23, 1869. Parker, Ely. Letter to Harriet Converse, 1885. https://teachingamericanhistory.org/document/letter-to-harriet-converse/ PBS. &ldquo;A Warrior in Two Worlds: The Life of Ely Parker.&rdquo; https://www.pbs.org/warrior/noflash/
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Spurling, Ann, producer and writer and Richard Young, director. &ldquo;Warrior in Two Worlds.&rdquo; Wes Studi, Narrator. WXXI. 1999. https://www.pbs.org/video/wxxi-documentaries-warrior-two-worlds/
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vergun, David. &ldquo;Engineer Became Highest Ranking Native American in Union Army.&rdquo; U.S. Department of Defense. 11/2/2021. https://www.defense.gov/News/Feature-Stories/Story/Article/2781759/engineer-became-highest-ranking-native-american-in-union-army/

Ely S. Parker and Ulysses S. Grant (Part 2)

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/4ef3b51c-116c-4bbb-b2e4-b2400139807c/transcript

Ely S. Parker was instrumental in the creation of President President Ulysses S. Grant’s “peace policy." Parker was Seneca, and he was the first Indigenous person to be placed in a cabinet-level position in the U.S. and the first Indigenous person to serve as Commissioner of Indian Affairs.

Research:

·       Adams, James Ring. “The Many Careers of Ely Parker.” National Museum of the American Indian. Fall 2011.

·       Babcock, Barry. “The Story of Donehogawa, First Indian Commissioner of Indian Affairs.” ICT. 9/13/2018. https://ictnews.org/archive/the-story-of-donehogawa-first-indian-commissioner-of-indian-affairs

·       Contrera, Jessica. “The interracial love story that stunned Washington — twice! — in 1867.” Washington Post. 2/13/2019. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2019/02/13/interracial-love-story-that-stunned-washington-twice/

·       DeJong, David H. “Ely S. Parker Commissioner of Indian Affairs (April 26, 1869–July 24,1871).” From Paternalism to Partnership: The Administration of Indian Affairs, 1786–2021. University of Nebraska Press. (2021). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2cw0sp9.29

·       Eves, Megan. “Repatriation and Reconciliation: The Seneca Nation, The Buffalo History Museum and the Repatriation of the Red Jacket Peace Medal.” Museum Association of New York. 5/26/2021. https://nysmuseums.org/MANYnews/10559296

·       Genetin-Pilawa, C. Joseph. “Ely Parker and the Contentious Peace Policy.” Western Historical Quarterly , Vol. 41, No. 2 (Summer 2010). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/westhistquar.41.2.0196

·       Genetin-Pilawa, C. Joseph. “Ely S. Parker and the Paradox of Reconstruction Politics in Indian Country.” From “The World the Civil War Made. Gregory P. Downs and Kate Masur, editors. University of North Carolina Press. July 2015.

·       Ginder, Jordan and Caitlin Healey. “Biographies: Ely S. Parker.” United States Army National Museum. https://www.thenmusa.org/biographies/ely-s-parker/

·       Hauptman, Laurence M. “On Our Terms: The Tonawanda Seneca Indians, Lewis Henry Morgan, and Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, 1844–1851.” New York History , FALL 2010, Vol. 91, No. 4 (FALL 2010). https://www.jstor.org/stable/23185816

·       Henderson, Roger C. “The Piikuni and the U.S. Army’s Piegan Expedition.” Montana: The Magazine of Western History. Spring 2018. https://mhs.mt.gov/education/IEFA/HendersonMMWHSpr2018.pdf

·       Hewitt, J.N.B. “The Life of General Ely S. Parker, Last Grand Sachem of the Iroquois and General Grant's Military Secretary.” Review. The American Historical Review, Vol. 25, No. 4 (Jul., 1920). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1834953

·       Historical Society of the New York Courts. “Blacksmith v. Fellows, 1852.” https://history.nycourts.gov/case/blacksmith-v-fellows/ Historical Society of the New York Courts. “Ely S. Parker.” https://history.nycourts.gov/figure/ely-parker/

·       Historical Society of the New York Courts. “New York ex rel. Cutler v. Dibble, 1858.” https://history.nycourts.gov/case/cutler-v-dibble/

·       Hopkins, John Christian. “Ely S. Parker: Determined to Make a Difference.” Native Peoples Magazine, Vol. 17 Issue 6, p78, Sep/Oct2004.

·       Justia. “Fellows v. Blacksmith, 60 U.S. 366 (1856).” https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/60/366/

·       Michaelsen, Scott. “Ely S. Parker and Amerindian Voices in Ethnography.” American Literary History , Winter, 1996, Vol. 8, No. 4 (Winter, 1996). https://www.jstor.org/stable/490115

·       Mohawk, John. “Historian Interviews: John Mohawk, PhD.” PBS. Warrior in Two Worlds. https://www.pbs.org/warrior/content/historian/mohawk.html

·       National Parks Service. “Ely Parker.” Appomattox Court House National Historical Park. https://www.nps.gov/people/ely-parker.htm

·       Parker, Arthur C. “The Life of General Ely S. Parker: Last Grand Sachem of the Iroquois and General Grant’s Military Secretary.” Buffalo Historical Society. 1919.

·       Parker, Ely S. “Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs.” December 23, 1869. Parker, Ely. Letter to Harriet Converse, 1885. https://teachingamericanhistory.org/document/letter-to-harriet-converse/ PBS. “A Warrior in Two Worlds: The Life of Ely Parker.” https://www.pbs.org/warrior/noflash/

·       Spurling, Ann, producer and writer and Richard Young, director. “Warrior in Two Worlds.” Wes Studi, Narrator. WXXI. 1999. https://www.pbs.org/video/wxxi-documentaries-warrior-two-worlds/

·       Vergun, David. “Engineer Became Highest Ranking Native American in Union Army.” U.S. Department of Defense. 11/2/2021. https://www.defense.gov/News/Feature-Stories/Story/Article/2781759/engineer-became-highest-ranking-native-american-in-union-army/

 

Ely S. Parker was instrumental in the creation of President President Ulysses S. Grant&rsquo;s &ldquo;peace policy." Parker was Seneca, and he was the first Indigenous person to be placed in a cabinet-level position in the U.S. and the first Indigenous person to serve as Commissioner of Indian Affairs.
Research:
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Adams, James Ring. &ldquo;The Many Careers of Ely Parker.&rdquo; National Museum of the American Indian. Fall 2011.
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Babcock, Barry. &ldquo;The Story of Donehogawa, First Indian Commissioner of Indian Affairs.&rdquo; ICT. 9/13/2018. https://ictnews.org/archive/the-story-of-donehogawa-first-indian-commissioner-of-indian-affairs
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Contrera, Jessica. &ldquo;The interracial love story that stunned Washington &mdash; twice! &mdash; in 1867.&rdquo; Washington Post. 2/13/2019. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2019/02/13/interracial-love-story-that-stunned-washington-twice/
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; DeJong, David H. &ldquo;Ely S. Parker Commissioner of Indian Affairs (April 26, 1869&ndash;July 24,1871).&rdquo; From Paternalism to Partnership: The Administration of Indian Affairs, 1786&ndash;2021. University of Nebraska Press. (2021). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2cw0sp9.29
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Eves, Megan. &ldquo;Repatriation and Reconciliation: The Seneca Nation, The Buffalo History Museum and the Repatriation of the Red Jacket Peace Medal.&rdquo; Museum Association of New York. 5/26/2021. https://nysmuseums.org/MANYnews/10559296
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Genetin-Pilawa, C. Joseph. &ldquo;Ely Parker and the Contentious Peace Policy.&rdquo; Western Historical Quarterly , Vol. 41, No. 2 (Summer 2010). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/westhistquar.41.2.0196
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Genetin-Pilawa, C. Joseph. &ldquo;Ely S. Parker and the Paradox of Reconstruction Politics in Indian Country.&rdquo; From &ldquo;The World the Civil War Made. Gregory P. Downs and Kate Masur, editors. University of North Carolina Press. July 2015.
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ginder, Jordan and Caitlin Healey. &ldquo;Biographies: Ely S. Parker.&rdquo; United States Army National Museum. https://www.thenmusa.org/biographies/ely-s-parker/
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hauptman, Laurence M. &ldquo;On Our Terms: The Tonawanda Seneca Indians, Lewis Henry Morgan, and Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, 1844&ndash;1851.&rdquo; New York History , FALL 2010, Vol. 91, No. 4 (FALL 2010). https://www.jstor.org/stable/23185816
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Henderson, Roger C. &ldquo;The Piikuni and the U.S. Army&rsquo;s Piegan Expedition.&rdquo; Montana: The Magazine of Western History. Spring 2018. https://mhs.mt.gov/education/IEFA/HendersonMMWHSpr2018.pdf
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hewitt, J.N.B. &ldquo;The Life of General Ely S. Parker, Last Grand Sachem of the Iroquois and General Grant's Military Secretary.&rdquo; Review. The American Historical Review, Vol. 25, No. 4 (Jul., 1920). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1834953
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Historical Society of the New York Courts. &ldquo;Blacksmith v. Fellows, 1852.&rdquo; https://history.nycourts.gov/case/blacksmith-v-fellows/ Historical Society of the New York Courts. &ldquo;Ely S. Parker.&rdquo; https://history.nycourts.gov/figure/ely-parker/
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Historical Society of the New York Courts. &ldquo;New York ex rel. Cutler v. Dibble, 1858.&rdquo; https://history.nycourts.gov/case/cutler-v-dibble/
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hopkins, John Christian. &ldquo;Ely S. Parker: Determined to Make a Difference.&rdquo; Native Peoples Magazine, Vol. 17 Issue 6, p78, Sep/Oct2004.
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Justia. &ldquo;Fellows v. Blacksmith, 60 U.S. 366 (1856).&rdquo; https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/60/366/
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Michaelsen, Scott. &ldquo;Ely S. Parker and Amerindian Voices in Ethnography.&rdquo; American Literary History , Winter, 1996, Vol. 8, No. 4 (Winter, 1996). https://www.jstor.org/stable/490115
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mohawk, John. &ldquo;Historian Interviews: John Mohawk, PhD.&rdquo; PBS. Warrior in Two Worlds. https://www.pbs.org/warrior/content/historian/mohawk.html
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; National Parks Service. &ldquo;Ely Parker.&rdquo; Appomattox Court House National Historical Park. https://www.nps.gov/people/ely-parker.htm
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Parker, Arthur C. &ldquo;The Life of General Ely S. Parker: Last Grand Sachem of the Iroquois and General Grant&rsquo;s Military Secretary.&rdquo; Buffalo Historical Society. 1919.
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Parker, Ely S. &ldquo;Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs.&rdquo; December 23, 1869. Parker, Ely. Letter to Harriet Converse, 1885. https://teachingamericanhistory.org/document/letter-to-harriet-converse/ PBS. &ldquo;A Warrior in Two Worlds: The Life of Ely Parker.&rdquo; https://www.pbs.org/warrior/noflash/
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Spurling, Ann, producer and writer and Richard Young, director. &ldquo;Warrior in Two Worlds.&rdquo; Wes Studi, Narrator. WXXI. 1999. https://www.pbs.org/video/wxxi-documentaries-warrior-two-worlds/
&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vergun, David. &ldquo;Engineer Became Highest Ranking Native American in Union Army.&rdquo; U.S. Department of Defense. 11/2/2021. https://www.defense.gov/News/Feature-Stories/Story/Article/2781759/engineer-became-highest-ranking-native-american-in-union-army/
&nbsp;

Ely S. Parker was instrumental in both the creation of President President Ulysses S. Grant’s “peace policy." Parker was Seneca, and he was the first Indigenous person to be placed in a cabinet-level position in the U.S. and the first Indigenous person to serve as Commissioner of Indian Affairs.

Ely S. Parker and the Tonawanda Seneca (Part 1)

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/ce641583-70d0-4c99-978c-b23d0168e728/transcript

SYMHC Classics: Victorian Orchidelirium

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