Midgley was a deeply respected researcher and chemist who received multiple awards. He also developed both leaded gas and freon, two substances banned around the world now because they are very bad for the environment and public health.

Research:
Bellis, Mary. "The History of Freon." ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/history-of-freon-4072212.
Blakemore, Erin. “The Ozone Hole Was Super Scary, So What Happened To It?” Smithsonian. 1/13/2016. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/ozone-hole-was-super-scary-what-happened-it-180957775/
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "tetraethyl lead". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Dec. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/science/tetraethyl-lead. Accessed 3 August 2022.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Thomas Midgley, Jr.". Encyclopedia Britannica, 14 May. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Midgley-Jr. Accessed 3 August 2022.
Dayton Herald. “Midgey’s Death Termed Suicide.” P. 28. 11/10/1944.
Giunta, Carmen J. “Thomas Midgley Jr. and the Inventions of Chlorofluorocarbon Refrigerants: It Ain’t Necessarily So.” Bull. Hist. Chem., VOLUME 31, Number 2 (2006). http://acshist.scs.illinois.edu/bulletin_open_access/v31-2/v31-2%20p66-74.pdf
Kettering, Charles F. “Thomas Midgley, Jr: 1889-1944.” National Academy of Sciences Annual Meeting, 1947. http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/midgley-thomas.pdf
Kovarik, Bill. “Ethyl leaded gasoline: How a Classic Occupational Disease Became an International Public Health Disaster. INT J OCCUP ENVIRON HEALTH 2005;11:384–397. VOL 11/NO 4, OCT/DEC 2005. https://environmentalhistory.org/about/ethyl-leaded-gasoline/
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. “History of the Ozone Hole.” https://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/history_SH.html
“Novel Method of Removing Metal from An Eye.” Ind. Eng. Chem. 1919, 11, 9, 892–895 Publication Date. September 1, 1919 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50117a017
Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2022. Thu. 4 Aug 2022. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1995/press-release/
Seyferth, Dietmar. “The Rise and Fall of Tetraethyllead. 1.” Organometallics, Vol. 22, No. 12, 2003. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/om030245v
Seyferth, Dietmar. “The Rise and Fall of Tetraethyllead. 2.” Organometallics Organometallics, Vol. 22, No. 25, 2003. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/om030621b
U.S. Department of Energy. “Fact #841: October 6, 2014 Vehicles per Thousand People: U.S. vs. Other World Regions.” https://www.energy.gov/eere/vehicles/fact-841-october-6-2014-vehicles-thousand-people-us-vs-other-world-regions

Midgley was a deeply respected researcher and chemist who received multiple awards. He also developed both leaded gas and freon, two substances banned around the world now because they are very bad for the environment and public health.
Research:
<ul>
<li>Bellis, Mary. "The History of Freon." ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/history-of-freon-4072212.</li>
<li>Blakemore, Erin. “The Ozone Hole Was Super Scary, So What Happened To It?” Smithsonian. 1/13/2016. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/ozone-hole-was-super-scary-what-happened-it-180957775/</li>
<li>Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "tetraethyl lead". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Dec. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/science/tetraethyl-lead. Accessed 3 August 2022.</li>
<li>Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Thomas Midgley, Jr.". Encyclopedia Britannica, 14 May. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Midgley-Jr. Accessed 3 August 2022.</li>
<li>Dayton Herald. “Midgey’s Death Termed Suicide.” P. 28. 11/10/1944.</li>
<li>Giunta, Carmen J. “Thomas Midgley Jr. and the Inventions of Chlorofluorocarbon Refrigerants: It Ain’t Necessarily So.” Bull. Hist. Chem., VOLUME 31, Number 2 (2006). http://acshist.scs.illinois.edu/bulletin_open_access/v31-2/v31-2%20p66-74.pdf</li>
<li>Kettering, Charles F. “Thomas Midgley, Jr: 1889-1944.” National Academy of Sciences Annual Meeting, 1947. http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/midgley-thomas.pdf</li>
<li>Kovarik, Bill. “Ethyl leaded gasoline: How a Classic Occupational Disease Became an International Public Health Disaster. INT J OCCUP ENVIRON HEALTH 2005;11:384–397. VOL 11/NO 4, OCT/DEC 2005. https://environmentalhistory.org/about/ethyl-leaded-gasoline/</li>
<li>NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. “History of the Ozone Hole.” https://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/history_SH.html</li>
<li>“Novel Method of Removing Metal from An Eye.” Ind. Eng. Chem. 1919, 11, 9, 892–895 Publication Date. September 1, 1919 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50117a017</li>
<li>Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2022. Thu. 4 Aug 2022. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1995/press-release/</li>
<li>Seyferth, Dietmar. “The Rise and Fall of Tetraethyllead. 1.” Organometallics, Vol. 22, No. 12, 2003. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/om030245v</li>
<li>Seyferth, Dietmar. “The Rise and Fall of Tetraethyllead. 2.” Organometallics Organometallics, Vol. 22, No. 25, 2003. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/om030621b</li>
<li>U.S. Department of Energy. “Fact #841: October 6, 2014 Vehicles per Thousand People: U.S. vs. Other World Regions.” https://www.energy.gov/eere/vehicles/fact-841-october-6-2014-vehicles-thousand-people-us-vs-other-world-regions</li>
</ul>

Join Holly and Tracy as they bring you the greatest and strangest Stuff You Missed In History Class in this podcast by iHeartRadio.

Stuff You Missed in History Class

Midgley was a deeply respected researcher and chemist who received multiple awards. He also developed both leaded gas and freon, two substances banned around the world now because they are very bad for the environment and public health.

Thomas Midgley Jr.’s Deadly Inventions

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/3418b745-2c14-46aa-9876-aefb004f03c6/transcript

Viola Roseboro’ isn’t well-known today, but she played a big behind-the-scenes role in the careers of a lot of American writers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, shaping what’s thought of as the American literary canon. 

Research:
“4 New Features.” Washington D.C. Evening Star. 4/29/2013. https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83045462/1913-04-29/ed-1/?sp=10&r=-0.115,-0.055,1.648,0.596,0
Dykeman, Wilma. “Tennessee Women: An Infinite Variety.” Newport. Wakestone Books. 1993.
Gorton, Stephanie. “The Strange, Forgotten Life of Viola Roseboro’.” The Paris Review. 2/24/2020. https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2020/02/24/the-strange-forgotten-life-of-viola-roseboro/
Gregorie, Anne King. “Reviewed Work(s): Viola, The Duchess of New Dorp: A Biography of Viola Roseboro by Jane Kirkland Graham.” The South Carolina Historical Magazine, Vol. 57, No. 2 (Apr., 1956). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27566059
Howell, Isabel. “Reviewed Work(s): Viola, the Duchess of New Dorp, a Biography of Viola Roseboro' by Jane Kirkland Graham.” Tennessee Historical Quarterly, December, 1956. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42621315
McClure, S. S. “My Autobiography.” London: J. Murray. 1914. https://archive.org/details/myautobiography00mcclrich/
New York Times. “VIOLA ROSEBORO', FICTION EDITOR, 87; Former McClure's, Collier's Executive Dies--Helped O. Henry Get Start Bought Tarkington Stories Praised by Will Irwin.” 1/30/1945. https://www.nytimes.com/1945/01/30/archives/viola-roseboro-fiction-editor-87-former-mcclures-colliers-executive.html
Osborn, Scott C. “Reviewed Work(s): Viola, The Duchess of New Dorp: A Biography of Viola Roseboro by Jane Kirkland Graham.” The Journal of Southern History, Vol. 22, No. 2 (May, 1956). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2954261
“Person Annotations.” From “#0088: Transcription of Letter from Willa Cather to Viola Roseboro', June 14 [1903].” The Complete Letters of Willa Cather. Center for Digital Research in the Humanities at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. https://cather.unl.edu/writings/letters/let0088#ref001
Robinson, Phyllis C. “Willa: The Life of Willa Cather.” New York. Doubleday. 1983.
Roseboro, Viola. “Begging as an Avocation.” New York World. 12/11/1887. Via New York University “Undercover Reporting.” https://undercover.hosting.nyu.edu/s/undercover-reporting/item/13733
A. W.. “Reviewed Work(s): Viola, the Duchess of New Dorp. A Biography of Viola Roseboro' by Jane Kirkland Graham.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1908-1984), Vol. 49, No. 1 (Spring,1956). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40189490
Schmalhofer, Stephen. “The Making of My Ántonia.” First Things. 12/17/2018. https://firstthings.com/the-making-of-my-ntonia/
Schmalhofer, Stephen. “Viola Roseboro’s literary garden.” The New Criterion. 12/12/2018. https://newcriterion.com/dispatch/viola-roseboros-literary-garden-10164/
Skaggs, Merrill M. “Viola Roseboro': A Prototype for Cather's ‘My Mortal Enemy’.” The Mississippi Quarterly , Winter 2000-01, Vol. 54, No. 1 (Winter 2000-01). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26476820
Skaggs, Merrill Maguire. “Willa Cather's New York: New Essays on Cather in the City.” Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. 2000.
Tarbell, Ida M. “All In The Day S Work An Autobiography.” The Macmillan Company. 1939. https://archive.org/details/allinthedayswork010810mbp/
The Georgia Historical Quarterly. “Reviewed Work(s): Viola, The Duchess of Nenx Dorp. A Biography of Viola Roseboro'. Two volumes in one by Jane Kirkland Graham.” Vol. 40, No. 2 (June, 1956). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40577676
Adkins, Gilbert R. “Two Daughters of Tennessee.” Franklin County Historical Review. 1986: XVII:1, 30-42.
Johanningsmeier, Charles. “Unmasking Willa Cather's ‘Mortal Enemy.’” Cather Studies. Vol. 5. https://cather.unl.edu/scholarship/catherstudies/5/cs005.johanningsmeier
Williams, Jay. “Author Under Sail: The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902.” University of Nebraska Press, 2014. Project MUSE. https://muse.jhu.edu/book/35026.

Viola Roseboro&rsquo; isn&rsquo;t well-known today, but she played a big behind-the-scenes role in the careers of a lot of American writers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, shaping what&rsquo;s thought of as the American literary canon.&nbsp;
Research:
<ul>
<li>&ldquo;4 New Features.&rdquo; Washington D.C. Evening Star. 4/29/2013. https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83045462/1913-04-29/ed-1/?sp=10&amp;r=-0.115,-0.055,1.648,0.596,0</li>
<li>Dykeman, Wilma. &ldquo;Tennessee Women: An Infinite Variety.&rdquo; Newport. Wakestone Books. 1993.</li>
<li>Gorton, Stephanie. &ldquo;The Strange, Forgotten Life of Viola Roseboro&rsquo;.&rdquo; The Paris Review. 2/24/2020. https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2020/02/24/the-strange-forgotten-life-of-viola-roseboro/</li>
<li>Gregorie, Anne King. &ldquo;Reviewed Work(s): Viola, The Duchess of New Dorp: A Biography of Viola Roseboro by Jane Kirkland Graham.&rdquo; The South Carolina Historical Magazine, Vol. 57, No. 2 (Apr., 1956). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27566059</li>
<li>Howell, Isabel. &ldquo;Reviewed Work(s): Viola, the Duchess of New Dorp, a Biography of Viola Roseboro' by Jane Kirkland Graham.&rdquo; Tennessee Historical Quarterly, December, 1956. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42621315</li>
<li>McClure, S. S. &ldquo;My Autobiography.&rdquo; London: J. Murray. 1914. https://archive.org/details/myautobiography00mcclrich/</li>
<li>New York Times. &ldquo;VIOLA ROSEBORO', FICTION EDITOR, 87; Former McClure's, Collier's Executive Dies--Helped O. Henry Get Start Bought Tarkington Stories Praised by Will Irwin.&rdquo; 1/30/1945. https://www.nytimes.com/1945/01/30/archives/viola-roseboro-fiction-editor-87-former-mcclures-colliers-executive.html</li>
<li>Osborn, Scott C. &ldquo;Reviewed Work(s): Viola, The Duchess of New Dorp: A Biography of Viola Roseboro by Jane Kirkland Graham.&rdquo; The Journal of Southern History, Vol. 22, No. 2 (May, 1956). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2954261</li>
<li>&ldquo;Person Annotations.&rdquo; From &ldquo;#0088: Transcription of Letter from Willa Cather to Viola Roseboro', June 14 [1903].&rdquo; The Complete Letters of Willa Cather. Center for Digital Research in the Humanities at the University of Nebraska&ndash;Lincoln. https://cather.unl.edu/writings/letters/let0088#ref001</li>
<li>Robinson, Phyllis C. &ldquo;Willa: The Life of Willa Cather.&rdquo; New York. Doubleday. 1983.</li>
<li>Roseboro, Viola. &ldquo;Begging as an Avocation.&rdquo; New York World. 12/11/1887. Via New York University &ldquo;Undercover Reporting.&rdquo; https://undercover.hosting.nyu.edu/s/undercover-reporting/item/13733</li>
<li>A. W.. &ldquo;Reviewed Work(s): Viola, the Duchess of New Dorp. A Biography of Viola Roseboro' by Jane Kirkland Graham.&rdquo; Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1908-1984), Vol. 49, No. 1 (Spring,1956). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40189490</li>
<li>Schmalhofer, Stephen. &ldquo;The Making of My &Aacute;ntonia.&rdquo; First Things. 12/17/2018. https://firstthings.com/the-making-of-my-ntonia/</li>
<li>Schmalhofer, Stephen. &ldquo;Viola Roseboro&rsquo;s literary garden.&rdquo; The New Criterion. 12/12/2018. https://newcriterion.com/dispatch/viola-roseboros-literary-garden-10164/</li>
<li>Skaggs, Merrill M. &ldquo;Viola Roseboro': A Prototype for Cather's &lsquo;My Mortal Enemy&rsquo;.&rdquo; The Mississippi Quarterly , Winter 2000-01, Vol. 54, No. 1 (Winter 2000-01). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26476820</li>
<li>Skaggs, Merrill Maguire. &ldquo;Willa Cather's New York: New Essays on Cather in the City.&rdquo; Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. 2000.</li>
<li>Tarbell, Ida M. &ldquo;All In The Day S Work An Autobiography.&rdquo; The Macmillan Company. 1939. https://archive.org/details/allinthedayswork010810mbp/</li>
<li>The Georgia Historical Quarterly. &ldquo;Reviewed Work(s): Viola, The Duchess of Nenx Dorp. A Biography of Viola Roseboro'. Two volumes in one by Jane Kirkland Graham.&rdquo; Vol. 40, No. 2 (June, 1956). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40577676</li>
<li>Adkins, Gilbert R. &ldquo;Two Daughters of Tennessee.&rdquo; Franklin County Historical Review. 1986: XVII:1, 30-42.</li>
<li>Johanningsmeier, Charles. &ldquo;Unmasking Willa Cather's &lsquo;Mortal Enemy.&rsquo;&rdquo; Cather Studies. Vol. 5. https://cather.unl.edu/scholarship/catherstudies/5/cs005.johanningsmeier</li>
<li>Williams, Jay. &ldquo;Author Under Sail: The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902.&rdquo; University of Nebraska Press, 2014. Project MUSE. https://muse.jhu.edu/book/35026.</li>
</ul>

Viola Roseboro’ isn’t well-known today, but she played a big behind-the-scenes role in the careers of a lot of American writers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, shaping what’s thought of as the American literary canon. 

The Literary Life of Viola Roseboro'

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/279d7700-0996-41fd-8575-b4580170a12c/transcript

This 2016 episode covers the May 30, 1948 flood that destroyed Vanport, Oregon. What really makes the story more than a historical footnote is how it ties into the racial makeup of both Portland and Oregon at the time.

This 2016 episode covers the May 30, 1948 flood that destroyed Vanport, Oregon. What really makes the story more than a historical footnote is how it ties into the racial makeup of both Portland and Oregon at the time.

SYMHC Classics: Vanport Flood

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/ef290c3d-fafb-4a5a-a43e-b457003fd73c/transcript

Tracy talks about a strange statement in a paper she read while working on the Carlos J. Finlay episode. Holly shares her amusement at the pact Hartlib and his friends made.

Tracy talks about a strange statement in a paper she read while working on the Carlos J. Finlay episode. Holly shares her amusement at the pact Hartlib and his friends made.

Behind the Scenes Minis: Disease Pact

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/393aa1c9-7231-430a-a3e7-b457003fcd36/transcript

Thomas Midgley Jr.’s Deadly Inventions

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