The Lowry Gang fought back against Confederate authorities during the U.S. Civil War and during Reconstruction they came to be viewed as either Robin Hood-esque folk heroes or as dangerous murderers and thieves, depending on who you were asking.

Research:
Leland, Elizabeth. “Coming Home to the Land of the Lumbee.” Our State. 9/6/2017. https://www.ourstate.com/lumbee-american-indians/
Currie, Jefferson. “Henry Berry Lowry.” Tar Heel Junior Historian, Spring 2000. https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/lowry-henry
“Proclamation of Outlawry for Henry Berry Lowry and his band of robbers.” https://www.ncpedia.org/printpdf/13809
North Carolina Museum of History. “Community Class Series: Henry Berry Lowrie, Lumbee Legend.” With Nancy Strickland Fields, Museum of the Southeast American Indian; Dr. Lawrence T. Locklear, University of North Carolina at Pembroke; and Dr. Malinda Maynor Lowery, Emory University. Via YouTube. Sep 23, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUALvny7DZ4
Lowery, Malinda Maynor. “Lumbee Indians in the Jim Crow South: Race, Identity and the Making of a Nation.” University of North Carolina Press. 2010. 
Oakley, Christopher Arris. “The Legend of Henry Berry Lowry: Strike at the Wind and the Lumbee Indians of North Carolina.” The Mississippi Quarterly , Vol. 60, No. 1, Special issue on American Indian Literatures and Cultures in the South (Winter 2006-07). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26467042
Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina. “History and Culture.” 2017. https://www.lumbeetribe.com/history-and-culture.
Lowery, Malinda Maynor. “The Lumbee Indians: An American Struggle.” University of North Carolina Press. 2018.
Kays, Holly. “Cherokee chief testifies against Lumbee recognition.” Smoky Mountain News. 1/7/2020. https://smokymountainnews.com/archives/item/28263-cherokee-chief-testifies-against-lumbee-recognition#
Townsend, George Alfred. “The Swamp outlaws, or, The North Carolina bandits : being a complete history of the modern Rob Roys and Robin Hoods.” New-York : Robert M. DeWitt. 1872.
“TESTIMONY OF PRINCIPAL CHIEF RICHARD SNEED EASTERN BAND OF CHEROKEE INDIANS.” https://www.congress.gov/116/meeting/house/110282/witnesses/HHRG-116-II24-Wstate-SneedR-20191204.pdf
Harper’s Weekly. “The North Carolina Bandits.” March 30, 1872.
McElroy, Jenny. “The Lowry War.” NCPedia. 3/1/2008.  https://www.ncpedia.org/history/cw-1900/lowry-war

The Lowry Gang fought back against Confederate authorities during the U.S. Civil War and during Reconstruction they came to be viewed as either Robin Hood-esque folk heroes or as dangerous murderers and thieves, depending on who you were asking.
Research:
<ul>
<li>Leland, Elizabeth. “Coming Home to the Land of the Lumbee.” Our State. 9/6/2017. https://www.ourstate.com/lumbee-american-indians/</li>
<li>Currie, Jefferson. “Henry Berry Lowry.” Tar Heel Junior Historian, Spring 2000. https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/lowry-henry</li>
<li>“Proclamation of Outlawry for Henry Berry Lowry and his band of robbers.” https://www.ncpedia.org/printpdf/13809</li>
<li>North Carolina Museum of History. “Community Class Series: Henry Berry Lowrie, Lumbee Legend.” With Nancy Strickland Fields, Museum of the Southeast American Indian; Dr. Lawrence T. Locklear, University of North Carolina at Pembroke; and Dr. Malinda Maynor Lowery, Emory University. Via YouTube. Sep 23, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUALvny7DZ4</li>
<li>Lowery, Malinda Maynor. “Lumbee Indians in the Jim Crow South: Race, Identity and the Making of a Nation.” University of North Carolina Press. 2010. </li>
<li>Oakley, Christopher Arris. “The Legend of Henry Berry Lowry: Strike at the Wind and the Lumbee Indians of North Carolina.” The Mississippi Quarterly , Vol. 60, No. 1, Special issue on American Indian Literatures and Cultures in the South (Winter 2006-07). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26467042</li>
<li>Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina. “History and Culture.” 2017. https://www.lumbeetribe.com/history-and-culture.</li>
<li>Lowery, Malinda Maynor. “The Lumbee Indians: An American Struggle.” University of North Carolina Press. 2018.</li>
<li>Kays, Holly. “Cherokee chief testifies against Lumbee recognition.” Smoky Mountain News. 1/7/2020. https://smokymountainnews.com/archives/item/28263-cherokee-chief-testifies-against-lumbee-recognition#</li>
<li>Townsend, George Alfred. “The Swamp outlaws, or, The North Carolina bandits : being a complete history of the modern Rob Roys and Robin Hoods.” New-York : Robert M. DeWitt. 1872.</li>
<li>“TESTIMONY OF PRINCIPAL CHIEF RICHARD SNEED EASTERN BAND OF CHEROKEE INDIANS.” https://www.congress.gov/116/meeting/house/110282/witnesses/HHRG-116-II24-Wstate-SneedR-20191204.pdf</li>
<li>Harper’s Weekly. “The North Carolina Bandits.” March 30, 1872.</li>
<li>McElroy, Jenny. “The Lowry War.” NCPedia. 3/1/2008.  https://www.ncpedia.org/history/cw-1900/lowry-war</li>
</ul>

Join Holly and Tracy as they bring you the greatest and strangest Stuff You Missed In History Class in this podcast by iHeartRadio.

Stuff You Missed in History Class

The Lowry Gang fought back against Confederate authorities during the U.S. Civil War and during Reconstruction they came to be viewed as either Robin Hood-esque folk heroes or as dangerous murderers and thieves, depending on who you were asking.

The Lowry War

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/1d1c265b-3a28-4833-a9b0-aef500080c83/transcript

Tracy shares her desire to see the rest of the letter that was quoted in this week's episodes on Anthony Burns. Talk also turns to the fact that many of the things that are surprising people today are, in fact, precedented.

Tracy shares her desire to see the rest of the letter that was quoted in this week's episodes on Anthony Burns. Talk also turns to the fact that many of the things that are surprising people today are, in fact, precedented.

Behind the Scenes Minis: It's Not Unprecedented

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/a344bef1-bb63-45b4-999c-b3f00059535e/transcript

Our second episode on the life of Anthony Burns begins with his detention in Boston, which outraged Massachusetts abolitionists. Even after Burns was returned to Virginia to be enslaved once again, his supporters in Boston continued to work for his freedom.

Research:
Buehrens, John A. “Spiritual friendship and social justice.” UU World. Fall 2019. https://www.uuworld.org/articles/spiritual-friendship
Sutton, Robert K. “’We waked up stark mad Abolitionists.’” From "Stark Mad Abolitionists.” Salon. 8/5/2017. https://www.salon.com/2017/08/05/we-waked-up-stark-mad-abolitionists/
Sutton, Robert K. “The Wealthy Activist Who Helped Turn ‘Bleeding Kansas’ Free.” Smithsonian. 8/16/2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/wealthy-activist-who-helped-turn-bleeding-kansas-free-180964494/
Delblanco, Andrew. “America’s Struggle for Moral Coherence.” The Atlantic. 12/12/2018. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/11/the-nation-has-been-this-dividedin-the-civil-war/575587/
Finkelman, Paul & Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Anthony Burns (1834–1862). (2020, December 07). In Encyclopedia Virginia. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/burns-anthony-1834-1862.
“Anthony Burns Captured.” Africans in America. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2915.html
Boston African American National Historic Site. “"God made me a man- not a slave": The Arrest of Anthony Burns.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/-god-made-me-a-man-not-a-slave-the-arrest-of-anthony-burns.htm#_ftnref14
Linder, Douglas O. “The (Fugitive Slave)Trials of Anthony Burns: An Account.” UMKC School of Law: Famous Trials. 2019. https://www.famous-trials.com/anthonyburns/2425-the-fugitive-slave-trials-of-anthony-burns-an-account
Encyclopedia Virginia. “The Trial of Anthony Burns (1854).” https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/burns-anthony-the-trial-of-1854/
Stevens, Charles Emery. “Anthony Burns: A History.” Boston : John P. Jewett and Co. 1856.
Shapiro, Samuel. “The Rendition of Anthony Burns.” The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 44, No. 1 (Jan., 1959). https://www.jstor.org/stable/2716312
Maginnes, David R. “The Case of the Court House Rioters in the Rendition of the Fugitive Slave Anthony Burns, 1854.” The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 56, No. 1 (Jan., 1971). https://www.jstor.org/stable/2716024
Landon, Fred. “Anthony Burns in Canada.” Reprinted from the Ontario Historical Society’s “Papers and Records” volume XXII. 1925. https://archive.org/details/anthonyburnsinca00land/
Potter, Joseph S. “The Boston Slave Riot, and Trial of Anthony Burns.” Boston: Fetridge and Company. 1854. https://archive.org/details/DKC0103/mode/1up
Perlstein, Henry, “From the Ashes of the Common Law”: Personal Replevin in the 21st Century (February 05, 2024). Intercultural Human Rights Law Review, Volume 19, pp. 257-309, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5407082 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5407082

Our second episode on the life of Anthony Burns begins with his detention in Boston, which outraged Massachusetts abolitionists. Even after Burns was returned to Virginia to be enslaved once again, his supporters in Boston continued to work for his freedom.
Research:
<ul>
<li>Buehrens, John A. &ldquo;Spiritual friendship and social justice.&rdquo; UU World. Fall 2019. https://www.uuworld.org/articles/spiritual-friendship</li>
<li>Sutton, Robert K. &ldquo;&rsquo;We waked up stark mad Abolitionists.&rsquo;&rdquo; From "Stark Mad Abolitionists.&rdquo; Salon. 8/5/2017. https://www.salon.com/2017/08/05/we-waked-up-stark-mad-abolitionists/</li>
<li>Sutton, Robert K. &ldquo;The Wealthy Activist Who Helped Turn &lsquo;Bleeding Kansas&rsquo; Free.&rdquo; Smithsonian. 8/16/2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/wealthy-activist-who-helped-turn-bleeding-kansas-free-180964494/</li>
<li>Delblanco, Andrew. &ldquo;America&rsquo;s Struggle for Moral Coherence.&rdquo; The Atlantic. 12/12/2018. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/11/the-nation-has-been-this-dividedin-the-civil-war/575587/</li>
<li>Finkelman, Paul &amp; Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Anthony Burns (1834&ndash;1862). (2020, December 07). In Encyclopedia Virginia. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/burns-anthony-1834-1862.</li>
<li>&ldquo;Anthony Burns Captured.&rdquo; Africans in America. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2915.html</li>
<li>Boston African American National Historic Site. &ldquo;"God made me a man- not a slave": The Arrest of Anthony Burns.&rdquo; National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/-god-made-me-a-man-not-a-slave-the-arrest-of-anthony-burns.htm#_ftnref14</li>
<li>Linder, Douglas O. &ldquo;The (Fugitive Slave)Trials of Anthony Burns: An Account.&rdquo; UMKC School of Law: Famous Trials. 2019. https://www.famous-trials.com/anthonyburns/2425-the-fugitive-slave-trials-of-anthony-burns-an-account</li>
<li>Encyclopedia Virginia. &ldquo;The Trial of Anthony Burns (1854).&rdquo; https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/burns-anthony-the-trial-of-1854/</li>
<li>Stevens, Charles Emery. &ldquo;Anthony Burns: A History.&rdquo; Boston : John P. Jewett and Co. 1856.</li>
<li>Shapiro, Samuel. &ldquo;The Rendition of Anthony Burns.&rdquo; The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 44, No. 1 (Jan., 1959). https://www.jstor.org/stable/2716312</li>
<li>Maginnes, David R. &ldquo;The Case of the Court House Rioters in the Rendition of the Fugitive Slave Anthony Burns, 1854.&rdquo; The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 56, No. 1 (Jan., 1971). https://www.jstor.org/stable/2716024</li>
<li>Landon, Fred. &ldquo;Anthony Burns in Canada.&rdquo; Reprinted from the Ontario Historical Society&rsquo;s &ldquo;Papers and Records&rdquo; volume XXII. 1925. https://archive.org/details/anthonyburnsinca00land/</li>
<li>Potter, Joseph S. &ldquo;The Boston Slave Riot, and Trial of Anthony Burns.&rdquo; Boston: Fetridge and Company. 1854. https://archive.org/details/DKC0103/mode/1up</li>
<li>Perlstein, Henry, &ldquo;From the Ashes of the Common Law&rdquo;: Personal Replevin in the 21st Century (February 05, 2024). Intercultural Human Rights Law Review, Volume 19, pp. 257-309, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5407082 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5407082</li>
</ul>

Our second episode on the life of Anthony Burns begins with his detention in Boston, which outraged Massachusetts abolitionists. Even after Burns was returned to Virginia to be enslaved once again, his supporters in Boston continued to work for his freedom.

The Rendition of Anthony Burns, Part 2

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/773492b7-cec5-4a10-83be-b3ee003bb945/transcript

The story of Anthony Burns is one that resonates in our current times. Part one covers his early enslaved life, his escape from enslavement, and his arrest under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.

Research:
Buehrens, John A. “Spiritual friendship and social justice.” UU World. Fall 2019. https://www.uuworld.org/articles/spiritual-friendship
Sutton, Robert K. “’We waked up stark mad Abolitionists.’” From "Stark Mad Abolitionists.” Salon. 8/5/2017. https://www.salon.com/2017/08/05/we-waked-up-stark-mad-abolitionists/
Sutton, Robert K. “The Wealthy Activist Who Helped Turn ‘Bleeding Kansas’ Free.” Smithsonian. 8/16/2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/wealthy-activist-who-helped-turn-bleeding-kansas-free-180964494/
Delblanco, Andrew. “America’s Struggle for Moral Coherence.” The Atlantic. 12/12/2018. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/11/the-nation-has-been-this-dividedin-the-civil-war/575587/
Finkelman, Paul & Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Anthony Burns (1834–1862). (2020, December 07). In Encyclopedia Virginia. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/burns-anthony-1834-1862.
“Anthony Burns Captured.” Africans in America. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2915.html
Boston African American National Historic Site. “"God made me a man- not a slave": The Arrest of Anthony Burns.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/-god-made-me-a-man-not-a-slave-the-arrest-of-anthony-burns.htm#_ftnref14
Linder, Douglas O. “The (Fugitive Slave)Trials of Anthony Burns: An Account.” UMKC School of Law: Famous Trials. 2019. https://www.famous-trials.com/anthonyburns/2425-the-fugitive-slave-trials-of-anthony-burns-an-account
Encyclopedia Virginia. “The Trial of Anthony Burns (1854).” https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/burns-anthony-the-trial-of-1854/
Stevens, Charles Emery. “Anthony Burns: A History.” Boston : John P. Jewett and Co. 1856.
Shapiro, Samuel. “The Rendition of Anthony Burns.” The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 44, No. 1 (Jan., 1959). https://www.jstor.org/stable/2716312
Maginnes, David R. “The Case of the Court House Rioters in the Rendition of the Fugitive Slave Anthony Burns, 1854.” The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 56, No. 1 (Jan., 1971). https://www.jstor.org/stable/2716024
Landon, Fred. “Anthony Burns in Canada.” Reprinted from the Ontario Historical Society’s “Papers and Records” volume XXII. 1925. https://archive.org/details/anthonyburnsinca00land/
Potter, Joseph S. “The Boston Slave Riot, and Trial of Anthony Burns.” Boston: Fetridge and Company. 1854. https://archive.org/details/DKC0103/mode/1up
Perlstein, Henry, “From the Ashes of the Common Law”: Personal Replevin in the 21st Century (February 05, 2024). Intercultural Human Rights Law Review, Volume 19, pp. 257-309, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5407082 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5407082

The story of Anthony Burns is one that resonates in our current times. Part one covers his early enslaved life, his escape from enslavement, and his arrest under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.
Research:
<ul>
<li>Buehrens, John A. &ldquo;Spiritual friendship and social justice.&rdquo; UU World. Fall 2019. https://www.uuworld.org/articles/spiritual-friendship</li>
<li>Sutton, Robert K. &ldquo;&rsquo;We waked up stark mad Abolitionists.&rsquo;&rdquo; From "Stark Mad Abolitionists.&rdquo; Salon. 8/5/2017. https://www.salon.com/2017/08/05/we-waked-up-stark-mad-abolitionists/</li>
<li>Sutton, Robert K. &ldquo;The Wealthy Activist Who Helped Turn &lsquo;Bleeding Kansas&rsquo; Free.&rdquo; Smithsonian. 8/16/2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/wealthy-activist-who-helped-turn-bleeding-kansas-free-180964494/</li>
<li>Delblanco, Andrew. &ldquo;America&rsquo;s Struggle for Moral Coherence.&rdquo; The Atlantic. 12/12/2018. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/11/the-nation-has-been-this-dividedin-the-civil-war/575587/</li>
<li>Finkelman, Paul &amp; Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Anthony Burns (1834&ndash;1862). (2020, December 07). In Encyclopedia Virginia. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/burns-anthony-1834-1862.</li>
<li>&ldquo;Anthony Burns Captured.&rdquo; Africans in America. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2915.html</li>
<li>Boston African American National Historic Site. &ldquo;"God made me a man- not a slave": The Arrest of Anthony Burns.&rdquo; National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/-god-made-me-a-man-not-a-slave-the-arrest-of-anthony-burns.htm#_ftnref14</li>
<li>Linder, Douglas O. &ldquo;The (Fugitive Slave)Trials of Anthony Burns: An Account.&rdquo; UMKC School of Law: Famous Trials. 2019. https://www.famous-trials.com/anthonyburns/2425-the-fugitive-slave-trials-of-anthony-burns-an-account</li>
<li>Encyclopedia Virginia. &ldquo;The Trial of Anthony Burns (1854).&rdquo; https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/burns-anthony-the-trial-of-1854/</li>
<li>Stevens, Charles Emery. &ldquo;Anthony Burns: A History.&rdquo; Boston : John P. Jewett and Co. 1856.</li>
<li>Shapiro, Samuel. &ldquo;The Rendition of Anthony Burns.&rdquo; The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 44, No. 1 (Jan., 1959). https://www.jstor.org/stable/2716312</li>
<li>Maginnes, David R. &ldquo;The Case of the Court House Rioters in the Rendition of the Fugitive Slave Anthony Burns, 1854.&rdquo; The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 56, No. 1 (Jan., 1971). https://www.jstor.org/stable/2716024</li>
<li>Landon, Fred. &ldquo;Anthony Burns in Canada.&rdquo; Reprinted from the Ontario Historical Society&rsquo;s &ldquo;Papers and Records&rdquo; volume XXII. 1925. https://archive.org/details/anthonyburnsinca00land/</li>
<li>Potter, Joseph S. &ldquo;The Boston Slave Riot, and Trial of Anthony Burns.&rdquo; Boston: Fetridge and Company. 1854. https://archive.org/details/DKC0103/mode/1up</li>
<li>Perlstein, Henry, &ldquo;From the Ashes of the Common Law&rdquo;: Personal Replevin in the 21st Century (February 05, 2024). Intercultural Human Rights Law Review, Volume 19, pp. 257-309, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5407082 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5407082</li>
</ul>

The story of Anthony Burns is one that resonates in our current times. Part one covers his early enslaved life, his escape from enslavement, and his arrest under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.

The Rendition of Anthony Burns, Part 1

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/6f68d84c-a4a8-4c1e-ab94-b3e90168f034/transcript

The Lowry War

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