Happy Saturday. This week we talked about Eustace the Monk, and we mentioned that he's been cited as one of the possible inspirations for the character of Robin Hood. We did an episode called Who Was the Real Robin Hood years ago, and in that episode I said I might want to do an episode on Eustace the Monk one day, and then I completely forgot about it. Yay brains. That episode, though, is Today's Saturday Classic, and it originally came out on June fifth, twenty thirteen. Enjoy Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class, a production of iHeartRadio. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. I am Tracy B. Wilson and I'm Holly Frye. And today we have a listener request. Hooray. We have many who was the real Bloody blog? Yeah? So we have who was the real Moriarty kind of thing? Yeah. And one of our off requested things, in this case by Michael and many other listeners, is who was the real Robin Hood? Yeah? Yeah, Which is a tricky question. In point of fact, it kind of is. Robinhood style characters have been showing up in literature since the fourteenth century, but as a concept. He's kind of been around longer than that, at least seven hundred years, but his earliest appearance in literature was in English ballads that were singing the tales of a Sherwood Forest criminal who squared off against the Sheriff of Nottingham. Maid Marian and Friar Tuck came on later, but Sherwood Forest and the Sheriff and Little John and will Scarlett are all there pretty early on, along with the idea of robbing rich people, but not necessarily giving that up to the poor Adams long later too. Historians who actually lived during the medieval period seem to have assumed that Robin Hood was actually a real person who lived in the twelfth or thirteenth century, but their accounts aren't consistent at all, and modern historians aren't so sure about any of that. There's just not evidence to support it necessarily. There's a lot of question marks, and some of the grander elements of the Robin Hood lore are also pretty tricky when you get into the logic of them seven score merrymen may have been able to feed and clothe themselves just working with the spoils of their robbing, but surviving the winter, and staying warm without shelter would have been a little bit trickier. Yeah, it's not a very warm part of the world without some kind of permanent structure to take some kind of refuge from the climate, in which then would have been easily rated. So that brings it to the question of is robinhood a fictional blend of outlawed daring do and some wish fulfillment because lots of people like to see other people get their come upance? Oh yeah? Or was he a real person or a combination of both? A great question that might not be one hundred percent answered ever. Nope, but we're going to examine all of the various possibilities. Yeah. So, in the Middle Ages, places like Sherwood Forest weren't just vast landscapes of tree cover like we might think of the word forest today. They were kind of a hodgepodge of wooded areas and cultivated ground, so the nobility could use them to hunt and to grow food, and there are also laws about how everyone else was allowed to use the forest. But the places that were best for game hunting were also great for hiding, So places like Sherwood Forest were perfect for outlaws to call home. It was a great place to hide out, and it was extra great because it was illegal for them to even be doing that, so it was a perfect setting for these robin Hood style adventure stories that have persisted throughout the ages. The earliest known written reference to robin Hood is a passing reference in William Langlan's allegorical poem The Vision of Pierce Plowman, which was written in the late thirteen seventies. He says, I don't know perfectly our father, as the priest sings it. I know rhymes of Robin Hood and Randolph, Earl of Chester, but neither of our Lord nor of our Lady. The least that ever was written, So he's basically saying, I don't really know my prayers, but I do know robin Hood. And after that there's a series of ballads and stories that came along throughout the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, great hits like robin Hood and the Monk, The Little Jest of robin Hood, Robin Hood his Death, Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne, and robin Hood and the Kurtle Friar. So there's not so much of a really noble rob from the rich give to the poor focus and a lot of these older stories there is definitely a lot of robbing, not necessarily a lot of giving, and some of the early stories Robin is just really violent, and he's not a fallen noble in these stories, which is an idea that was attributed to him later. He's a commoner, a peasant, or at the highest a yeoman, which was kind of a middle class situation. The king mentioned in these early works is Edward, probably meaning Edward the Second, while a lot of the more modern portrayals talk about a Prince John or a King John. And Little John and Will Scarlett are also early names that show up in the context of being Robin's mary men. But as we said before, there was no made Marian in these early ballads or Friar Tuck. Those really got added in later. In the context of literature, Robin Hood got upgraded to a nobleman in sixteen oh one, and Anthony Monday's plays The Downfall of Robert Earl of Huntington and the Death of Robert Robert Earl of Huntington around seventeen seventy. Robin Hood's Garland being a complete history of all the notable and merry exploits performed by him and his men on diverse occasions, to which is added a preface giving a more full and particular account of his birth, et cetera than here any hitherto published came out. That's quite a title. I love those extremely long titles. And this particular piece of literature added more stories and more characters to the robin Hood lore. So there was lots of robin Hood meeting somebody in the woods, fighting with that person, and then eventually inviting him to join him and the merry men in their exploits. By the nineteenth century, Robinhood stories were everywhere. Howard Pile's The Merry Adventures of Robinhood of Great Renown in Nottinghamshire came out in eighteen eighty three. This gathered lots of Robinhood stuff into one place and also adapted it for children, and it became a source material for a lot of the later robin Hood writing. This was an illustrated book. It was really expensive for its time compared to other books, and it was wildly successful. And following that there were plays, operas, comic books, films, films, films, films and more films. So many Robin Hood, movies, costumes, merchandise. Robinhood was like a marketing JUGGERNAUTI yeah, he's become kind of just an iconic figure, especially in the world of English stories. So is there na truth to all of this? The earliest One of the earliest historical notations of Robinhood was from John Major, a Scottish historian who wrote his Great His History of Greater Britain in fifteen twenty one. He claims Robinhood did his criminal living in Sherwood Forest in eleven ninety three. In eleven ninety four, Should I read what he says about? Yes, give us a little passage. Hey, he says about this time it was as I conceive that they're flourished, those famous robbers, Robert Hood, an Englishman and little John, who lay weight in the woods, but spoiled of their goods those only that were wealthy. They took the life of no man unless either he attacked them or offered resistance in defense of his property. Robert, supported by his plundering one hundred bowmen, ready fighters, everyone with whom four hundred of the strongest would not dare to engage in combat. The feats of this Robert are told in Sons all over Britain. He would allow no woman to suffer injustice, nor would he spoil the poor, but rather enriched them from the plunder taken from abbots. The robberies of this man I condemn, but of all robbers, he was the humanist and the chief. So it's pretty much solidly in favor of Robin Hood. Not cool for stealing, but definitely cool for all that other stuff. Yeah, and other historians of the time, including Andrew of Wyntune and Walter Bauer, concurred that Robin Hood was active during the middle and late twelve hundreds, so they all sort of have this consensus about him being a real person, although their dates are different. Yeah, much of today's historical writing is not quite so sure that he was a real person, and most of that research has involved sifting through old court records, which is what we will talk about next. But the court records, even though they're legal documents, don't entirely support the literary and historical writings. So I'm sure some people are not so enthused about no, because some people want to believe, they want to find a true Robinhood in the mix. Yeah, So the name Robert Hodd appears in court documents in twelve twenty five, and this is the earliest known record of a criminal's name that may have morphed its way into robin Hood. There is another man that appears in the court records from twelve sixty one in twelve sixty two, and in the twelve sixty one document he's named William son of Robert Lefeverre, and in twelve sixty two he's William robhod suggesting that the court transcriber knew of the Robinhood legend and possibly ascribed his name to an outlaw. From there, there are other robe Hoods and robin Hoods in legal records, including people who deliberately took robe Hood or robin Hood as their last names in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and people who adopted Little John as pseudonyms. And so it's basically people who heard this famous name and decided that should be their name too, because they were outlaws. Yeah, and all of these robe Hoods and robin Hood's muddy the waters when you're actually trying to look for a real source of the stories. It certainly makes it seem like robin Hood was enough of a legend by the thirteenth century that people wanted to adopt his name as theirs. There are also a couple of other examples of Robin Hood who were definitely criminals, but there's some reason that historians say he was not the right guy. He either lived too far away, or he was just a straight up murderer and you know, didn't do the kind of thieving that Robin Hood was known for. And apart from that. In eighteen fifty two, Joseph Hunter published a book citing a Robin Hood who worked as a porter in the King's court in thirteen twenty four, and he connected this to a journey the king is described as taking in the ballad a Jest of Robin Hoad. Hunter speculates that this is the same person as a Robin Hood who was outlawed in thirteen twenty two, but there's no proof that these are actually the same person, and without the connection, it doesn't really seem to add up or hold up. Then we get into the suspects whose names do not sound like the words Robin and Hood. Roger Godbird was a thirteenth century farmer turned baron turned criminal who ambushed rich travelers with his band of men the Sheriff of Nottingham captured him and held him in Nottingham Castle, and his criminal dealings went on from around twelve sixty seven to twelve seventy two. A couple of writers have published books claiming that Roger Goldbird was the real Robin Hood, including David Baldwin and Brian Ben's. Baldwin also claims that he discovered a thirteenth century grave belonging to Godbird. Baldwin's book is Robin Hood the English Outlaw Unmasked, and Benson's book is titled Robin Hood The Real Story. But Robahod and other pseudonyms meaning Robin Hood were already in use before Goldbird appeared in the historical record, so writing for History Today, Sean McGlenn actually cites William of Kencham aka Willikin of the Wild, and he was loyal to the Crown and led a resistance band of about one thousand archers against French invaders in twelve sixteen. His resistance was quite successful and as a reward he was granted wardenship of the seven hundreds of the Wild, a division of land, with wild being a heavily wooded place McGlenn argues that he has the right blend of hero and outlaw qualities because the English would have viewed him as a hero while the French would have viewed him as an outlaw. And there are also some other real outlaws who aren't that often cited as a real robin Hood, but whose activities may have influenced some of the stories of robin Hood shanigans that came along laterally. You don't really have to look far during that period of history to find people who were fighting in the woods using bows and arrows, right, that was a pretty common thing. So what is folk Fitzwarren, who spend some time living in the forest and fighting against King John. Another is hero Ward the Wake, an outlaw who fought the Normans not long after the Battle of Hastings. And a third is Eustace the Monk, who I think I might want to do an episode on later on, because Eustace the Monk just sounds like a delightful thing to talk about, and he's not really delightful though he became a mercenary after leaving the monastic life to avenge his murdered father. Even William Wallace fits this very general description of guy who was an outlaw and fought from the woods. Yeah, when Robinhood changes and evolves with the times. So in his earliest incarnations he was tied to the violence that was common in the Middle Ages. But then, in a trend that is probably quite familiar to modern audiences, public sentiment was beginning to see royalty and wealthy people in general as a bunch of tyrants who were abusing the law and making life harder for the commoner. So that, you know, mindset was ripe for criminals who would try to take these people down a notch and stories that would celebrate that kind of activity. And nowadays Robinhood is a challenger of authority and he writes wrongs, and the people who do these kinds of things are celebrated as Robinhood figures. So yeah, we don't. Sometimes they're animated as cute little foxes. I know. I was going to ask you if you had a favorite robin Hood, and I thought that that might be the one that you would say. It's high on the list. Don't get me wrong, Yeah, but I don't. I have a detested Robinhood. Oh no, who is it. It's the Kevin Costner. Oh, Yeah, it's one of the movies I just I had to leave. I couldn't make it through the whole thing. Yeah, I think there are people this is not about that comment. There are people who get really angry about portrayals of robin Hood that they're like, that's not how it was. When how it was we don't know. Yeah, Well, the earliest depictions a lot of the things that we just sort of assume have always been the case about robin Hood weren't really so much there, Like the giving to the poor part, Yeah, not always present. A lot of times it was just robbing. I just thought it was a poorly made movie that it could have been about anything valid. But I do really like the Disney version, even though of course it's completely manipulated to be really cute. See and yeah, history kind of gets tossed out the window a bit, mostly because Foxes don't wear clothes. No, they typically do not do that. I like robin Hood. I need too. It's such a fun story, and I like that it is something that evolves and kind of becomes what any part of history and culture needs it to be. Yeah, and I would kind of rather we never know if there was a definite number one real person who was quoting the real Robinhood. I like them to be kind of mythic in legendary. Well, unless somebody discovers a magical historical artifact, you get your wish. Okay, let's not ever do that. Thanks so much for joining us on this Saturday. Since this episode is out of the archive, if you heard an email address or a Facebook RL or something similar over the course of the show, that could be obsolete now. Our current email address is History Podcast at iHeartRadio dot com. You can find us all over social media at missed in History, and you can subscribe to our show on Apple podcasts, Google podcasts, the iHeartRadio app, and wherever else you listen to podcasts. Stuffy Missed in History Class is a production of iHeartRadio. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.

Happy Saturday. This week we talked about Eustace the Monk, and we mentioned that he's been cited as one of the possible inspirations for the character of Robin Hood. We did an episode called Who Was the Real Robin Hood years ago, and in that episode I said I might want to do an episode on Eustace the Monk one day, and then I completely forgot about it. Yay brains. That episode, though, is Today's Saturday Classic, and it originally came out on June fifth, twenty thirteen. Enjoy Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class, a production of iHeartRadio. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. I am Tracy B. Wilson and I'm Holly Frye. And today we have a listener request. Hooray. We have many who was the real Bloody blog? Yeah? So we have who was the real Moriarty kind of thing? Yeah. And one of our off requested things, in this case by Michael and many other listeners, is who was the real Robin Hood? Yeah? Yeah, Which is a tricky question. In point of fact, it kind of is. Robinhood style characters have been showing up in literature since the fourteenth century, but as a concept. He's kind of been around longer than that, at least seven hundred years, but his earliest appearance in literature was in English ballads that were singing the tales of a Sherwood Forest criminal who squared off against the Sheriff of Nottingham. Maid Marian and Friar Tuck came on later, but Sherwood Forest and the Sheriff and Little John and will Scarlett are all there pretty early on, along with the idea of robbing rich people, but not necessarily giving that up to the poor Adams long later too. Historians who actually lived during the medieval period seem to have assumed that Robin Hood was actually a real person who lived in the twelfth or thirteenth century, but their accounts aren't consistent at all, and modern historians aren't so sure about any of that. There's just not evidence to support it necessarily. There's a lot of question marks, and some of the grander elements of the Robin Hood lore are also pretty tricky when you get into the logic of them seven score merrymen may have been able to feed and clothe themselves just working with the spoils of their robbing, but surviving the winter, and staying warm without shelter would have been a little bit trickier. Yeah, it's not a very warm part of the world without some kind of permanent structure to take some kind of refuge from the climate, in which then would have been easily rated. So that brings it to the question of is robinhood a fictional blend of outlawed daring do and some wish fulfillment because lots of people like to see other people get their come upance? Oh yeah? Or was he a real person or a combination of both? A great question that might not be one hundred percent answered ever. Nope, but we're going to examine all of the various possibilities. Yeah. So, in the Middle Ages, places like Sherwood Forest weren't just vast landscapes of tree cover like we might think of the word forest today. They were kind of a hodgepodge of wooded areas and cultivated ground, so the nobility could use them to hunt and to grow food, and there are also laws about how everyone else was allowed to use the forest. But the places that were best for game hunting were also great for hiding, So places like Sherwood Forest were perfect for outlaws to call home. It was a great place to hide out, and it was extra great because it was illegal for them to even be doing that, so it was a perfect setting for these robin Hood style adventure stories that have persisted throughout the ages. The earliest known written reference to robin Hood is a passing reference in William Langlan's allegorical poem The Vision of Pierce Plowman, which was written in the late thirteen seventies. He says, I don't know perfectly our father, as the priest sings it. I know rhymes of Robin Hood and Randolph, Earl of Chester, but neither of our Lord nor of our Lady. The least that ever was written, So he's basically saying, I don't really know my prayers, but I do know robin Hood. And after that there's a series of ballads and stories that came along throughout the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, great hits like robin Hood and the Monk, The Little Jest of robin Hood, Robin Hood his Death, Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne, and robin Hood and the Kurtle Friar. So there's not so much of a really noble rob from the rich give to the poor focus and a lot of these older stories there is definitely a lot of robbing, not necessarily a lot of giving, and some of the early stories Robin is just really violent, and he's not a fallen noble in these stories, which is an idea that was attributed to him later. He's a commoner, a peasant, or at the highest a yeoman, which was kind of a middle class situation. The king mentioned in these early works is Edward, probably meaning Edward the Second, while a lot of the more modern portrayals talk about a Prince John or a King John. And Little John and Will Scarlett are also early names that show up in the context of being Robin's mary men. But as we said before, there was no made Marian in these early ballads or Friar Tuck. Those really got added in later. In the context of literature, Robin Hood got upgraded to a nobleman in sixteen oh one, and Anthony Monday's plays The Downfall of Robert Earl of Huntington and the Death of Robert Robert Earl of Huntington around seventeen seventy. Robin Hood's Garland being a complete history of all the notable and merry exploits performed by him and his men on diverse occasions, to which is added a preface giving a more full and particular account of his birth, et cetera than here any hitherto published came out. That's quite a title. I love those extremely long titles. And this particular piece of literature added more stories and more characters to the robin Hood lore. So there was lots of robin Hood meeting somebody in the woods, fighting with that person, and then eventually inviting him to join him and the merry men in their exploits. By the nineteenth century, Robinhood stories were everywhere. Howard Pile's The Merry Adventures of Robinhood of Great Renown in Nottinghamshire came out in eighteen eighty three. This gathered lots of Robinhood stuff into one place and also adapted it for children, and it became a source material for a lot of the later robin Hood writing. This was an illustrated book. It was really expensive for its time compared to other books, and it was wildly successful. And following that there were plays, operas, comic books, films, films, films, films and more films. So many Robin Hood, movies, costumes, merchandise. Robinhood was like a marketing JUGGERNAUTI yeah, he's become kind of just an iconic figure, especially in the world of English stories. So is there na truth to all of this? The earliest One of the earliest historical notations of Robinhood was from John Major, a Scottish historian who wrote his Great His History of Greater Britain in fifteen twenty one. He claims Robinhood did his criminal living in Sherwood Forest in eleven ninety three. In eleven ninety four, Should I read what he says about? Yes, give us a little passage. Hey, he says about this time it was as I conceive that they're flourished, those famous robbers, Robert Hood, an Englishman and little John, who lay weight in the woods, but spoiled of their goods those only that were wealthy. They took the life of no man unless either he attacked them or offered resistance in defense of his property. Robert, supported by his plundering one hundred bowmen, ready fighters, everyone with whom four hundred of the strongest would not dare to engage in combat. The feats of this Robert are told in Sons all over Britain. He would allow no woman to suffer injustice, nor would he spoil the poor, but rather enriched them from the plunder taken from abbots. The robberies of this man I condemn, but of all robbers, he was the humanist and the chief. So it's pretty much solidly in favor of Robin Hood. Not cool for stealing, but definitely cool for all that other stuff. Yeah, and other historians of the time, including Andrew of Wyntune and Walter Bauer, concurred that Robin Hood was active during the middle and late twelve hundreds, so they all sort of have this consensus about him being a real person, although their dates are different. Yeah, much of today's historical writing is not quite so sure that he was a real person, and most of that research has involved sifting through old court records, which is what we will talk about next. But the court records, even though they're legal documents, don't entirely support the literary and historical writings. So I'm sure some people are not so enthused about no, because some people want to believe, they want to find a true Robinhood in the mix. Yeah, So the name Robert Hodd appears in court documents in twelve twenty five, and this is the earliest known record of a criminal's name that may have morphed its way into robin Hood. There is another man that appears in the court records from twelve sixty one in twelve sixty two, and in the twelve sixty one document he's named William son of Robert Lefeverre, and in twelve sixty two he's William robhod suggesting that the court transcriber knew of the Robinhood legend and possibly ascribed his name to an outlaw. From there, there are other robe Hoods and robin Hoods in legal records, including people who deliberately took robe Hood or robin Hood as their last names in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and people who adopted Little John as pseudonyms. And so it's basically people who heard this famous name and decided that should be their name too, because they were outlaws. Yeah, and all of these robe Hoods and robin Hood's muddy the waters when you're actually trying to look for a real source of the stories. It certainly makes it seem like robin Hood was enough of a legend by the thirteenth century that people wanted to adopt his name as theirs. There are also a couple of other examples of Robin Hood who were definitely criminals, but there's some reason that historians say he was not the right guy. He either lived too far away, or he was just a straight up murderer and you know, didn't do the kind of thieving that Robin Hood was known for. And apart from that. In eighteen fifty two, Joseph Hunter published a book citing a Robin Hood who worked as a porter in the King's court in thirteen twenty four, and he connected this to a journey the king is described as taking in the ballad a Jest of Robin Hoad. Hunter speculates that this is the same person as a Robin Hood who was outlawed in thirteen twenty two, but there's no proof that these are actually the same person, and without the connection, it doesn't really seem to add up or hold up. Then we get into the suspects whose names do not sound like the words Robin and Hood. Roger Godbird was a thirteenth century farmer turned baron turned criminal who ambushed rich travelers with his band of men the Sheriff of Nottingham captured him and held him in Nottingham Castle, and his criminal dealings went on from around twelve sixty seven to twelve seventy two. A couple of writers have published books claiming that Roger Goldbird was the real Robin Hood, including David Baldwin and Brian Ben's. Baldwin also claims that he discovered a thirteenth century grave belonging to Godbird. Baldwin's book is Robin Hood the English Outlaw Unmasked, and Benson's book is titled Robin Hood The Real Story. But Robahod and other pseudonyms meaning Robin Hood were already in use before Goldbird appeared in the historical record, so writing for History Today, Sean McGlenn actually cites William of Kencham aka Willikin of the Wild, and he was loyal to the Crown and led a resistance band of about one thousand archers against French invaders in twelve sixteen. His resistance was quite successful and as a reward he was granted wardenship of the seven hundreds of the Wild, a division of land, with wild being a heavily wooded place McGlenn argues that he has the right blend of hero and outlaw qualities because the English would have viewed him as a hero while the French would have viewed him as an outlaw. And there are also some other real outlaws who aren't that often cited as a real robin Hood, but whose activities may have influenced some of the stories of robin Hood shanigans that came along laterally. You don't really have to look far during that period of history to find people who were fighting in the woods using bows and arrows, right, that was a pretty common thing. So what is folk Fitzwarren, who spend some time living in the forest and fighting against King John. Another is hero Ward the Wake, an outlaw who fought the Normans not long after the Battle of Hastings. And a third is Eustace the Monk, who I think I might want to do an episode on later on, because Eustace the Monk just sounds like a delightful thing to talk about, and he's not really delightful though he became a mercenary after leaving the monastic life to avenge his murdered father. Even William Wallace fits this very general description of guy who was an outlaw and fought from the woods. Yeah, when Robinhood changes and evolves with the times. So in his earliest incarnations he was tied to the violence that was common in the Middle Ages. But then, in a trend that is probably quite familiar to modern audiences, public sentiment was beginning to see royalty and wealthy people in general as a bunch of tyrants who were abusing the law and making life harder for the commoner. So that, you know, mindset was ripe for criminals who would try to take these people down a notch and stories that would celebrate that kind of activity. And nowadays Robinhood is a challenger of authority and he writes wrongs, and the people who do these kinds of things are celebrated as Robinhood figures. So yeah, we don't. Sometimes they're animated as cute little foxes. I know. I was going to ask you if you had a favorite robin Hood, and I thought that that might be the one that you would say. It's high on the list. Don't get me wrong, Yeah, but I don't. I have a detested Robinhood. Oh no, who is it. It's the Kevin Costner. Oh, Yeah, it's one of the movies I just I had to leave. I couldn't make it through the whole thing. Yeah, I think there are people this is not about that comment. There are people who get really angry about portrayals of robin Hood that they're like, that's not how it was. When how it was we don't know. Yeah, Well, the earliest depictions a lot of the things that we just sort of assume have always been the case about robin Hood weren't really so much there, Like the giving to the poor part, Yeah, not always present. A lot of times it was just robbing. I just thought it was a poorly made movie that it could have been about anything valid. But I do really like the Disney version, even though of course it's completely manipulated to be really cute. See and yeah, history kind of gets tossed out the window a bit, mostly because Foxes don't wear clothes. No, they typically do not do that. I like robin Hood. I need too. It's such a fun story, and I like that it is something that evolves and kind of becomes what any part of history and culture needs it to be. Yeah, and I would kind of rather we never know if there was a definite number one real person who was quoting the real Robinhood. I like them to be kind of mythic in legendary. Well, unless somebody discovers a magical historical artifact, you get your wish. Okay, let's not ever do that. Thanks so much for joining us on this Saturday. Since this episode is out of the archive, if you heard an email address or a Facebook RL or something similar over the course of the show, that could be obsolete now. Our current email address is History Podcast at iHeartRadio dot com. You can find us all over social media at missed in History, and you can subscribe to our show on Apple podcasts, Google podcasts, the iHeartRadio app, and wherever else you listen to podcasts. Stuffy Missed in History Class is a production of iHeartRadio. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.