This 2019 episode covers Frieda Belinfante who broke gender barriers in becoming a conductor. She was also a member of the Dutch resistance, who risked her life during WWII in defiance of the German occupation of the Netherlands.

This 2019 episode covers Frieda Belinfante who broke gender barriers in becoming a conductor. She was also a member of the Dutch resistance, who risked her life during WWII in defiance of the German occupation of the Netherlands.

Join Holly and Tracy as they bring you the greatest and strangest Stuff You Missed In History Class in this podcast by iHeartRadio.

Stuff You Missed in History Class

SYMHC Classics: Frieda Belinfante

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/332eb1ea-60d6-445e-9ded-b0840139dfa8/transcript

Charles Goodyear's work is important to so many things we have in the 21st century. But his life and his work to create a stable rubber was full of problems -- many of them caused by Goodyear himself.

Research:
Britannica Editors. "Charles Goodyear". Encyclopedia Britannica, 25 Dec. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Goodyear
“Charles Goodyear.” Who Made America? PBS. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/theymadeamerica/whomade/goodyear_hi.html
“Charles Goodyear - Vulcanization of Rubber.” National Inventors Hall of Fame. https://www.invent.org/inductees/charles-goodyear
“Charles Goodyear - Vulcanized Rubber.” Lemelson-MIT. https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/charles-goodyear
“Charles Goodyear and the Vulcanization of Rubber.” ConnecticutHistory.org. https://connecticuthistory.org/charles-goodyear-and-the-vulcanization-of-rubber/
“Charles Goodyear’s Machine for Making Rubber Fabrics.” ConnecticutHistory.org. https://connecticuthistory.org/charles-goodyears-machine-for-making-rubber-fabrics/
“Death of Charles Goodyear.” Carbondale Advantage. July 21, 1860. https://www.newspapers.com/image/638799032/?match=2&terms=%22charles%20goodyear%22
Goodyear, Charles. “Gum-elastic and its varieties : with a detailed account of its applications and uses, and of the discovery of vulcanization.” New Haven. Published for the Author. 1853. https://archive.org/details/gumelasticitsva121853good/
Goodyear, Charles. “IMPROVEMENT IN INDIA-RUBBER FABRICS.” United States Patent Office. June 15, 1844. https://web.archive.org/web/20150714081931/http://www.dpma.de/docs/service/klassifikationen/ipc/auto_ipc/us3633a.pdf
“Goodyear’s Gum Elastic Drapery and Parchment.” The Washington Union. May 4, 1837. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1038143941/?match=3&terms=%22charles%20goodyear%22%20mail
Iles, George. “Leading American Inventors.” H. Holt 1912. Accessed online: https://books.google.com/books?id=Hn0_AAAAIAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
“India Rubber Fabric.” Daily Cleveland herald. October 10, 1835. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1073496245/?match=1&terms=%22Charles%20Goodyear%22
Slack, Charles. “Noble Obsession: Charles Goodyear, Thomas Hancock, and the Race to Unlock the Greatest Industrial Secret of the Nineteenth Century.” Hyperion. 2003.
Snow, Richard F. “Charles Goodyear.” American Heritage. April/May 1978. Vol. 29, Issue 3. https://www.americanheritage.com/charles-goodyear

Charles Goodyear's work is important to so many things we have in the 21st century. But his life and his work to create a stable rubber was full of problems -- many of them caused by Goodyear himself.
Research:
<ul>
<li>Britannica Editors. "Charles Goodyear".&nbsp;Encyclopedia Britannica, 25 Dec. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Goodyear</li>
<li>&ldquo;Charles Goodyear.&rdquo; Who Made America? PBS. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/theymadeamerica/whomade/goodyear_hi.html</li>
<li>&ldquo;Charles Goodyear - Vulcanization of Rubber.&rdquo; National Inventors Hall of Fame. https://www.invent.org/inductees/charles-goodyear</li>
<li>&ldquo;Charles Goodyear - Vulcanized Rubber.&rdquo; Lemelson-MIT. https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/charles-goodyear</li>
<li>&ldquo;Charles Goodyear and the Vulcanization of Rubber.&rdquo; ConnecticutHistory.org. https://connecticuthistory.org/charles-goodyear-and-the-vulcanization-of-rubber/</li>
<li>&ldquo;Charles Goodyear&rsquo;s Machine for Making Rubber Fabrics.&rdquo; ConnecticutHistory.org. https://connecticuthistory.org/charles-goodyears-machine-for-making-rubber-fabrics/</li>
<li>&ldquo;Death of Charles Goodyear.&rdquo; Carbondale Advantage. July 21, 1860. https://www.newspapers.com/image/638799032/?match=2&amp;terms=%22charles%20goodyear%22</li>
<li>Goodyear, Charles. &ldquo;Gum-elastic and its varieties : with a detailed account of its applications and uses, and of the discovery of vulcanization.&rdquo; New Haven. Published for the Author. 1853. https://archive.org/details/gumelasticitsva121853good/</li>
<li>Goodyear, Charles. &ldquo;IMPROVEMENT IN INDIA-RUBBER FABRICS.&rdquo; United States Patent Office. June 15, 1844. https://web.archive.org/web/20150714081931/http://www.dpma.de/docs/service/klassifikationen/ipc/auto_ipc/us3633a.pdf</li>
<li>&ldquo;Goodyear&rsquo;s Gum Elastic Drapery and Parchment.&rdquo; The Washington Union. May 4, 1837. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1038143941/?match=3&amp;terms=%22charles%20goodyear%22%20mail</li>
<li>Iles, George. &ldquo;Leading American Inventors.&rdquo; H. Holt 1912. Accessed online: https://books.google.com/books?id=Hn0_AAAAIAAJ&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s</li>
<li>&ldquo;India Rubber Fabric.&rdquo; Daily Cleveland herald. October 10, 1835. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1073496245/?match=1&amp;terms=%22Charles%20Goodyear%22</li>
<li>Slack, Charles. &ldquo;Noble Obsession: Charles Goodyear, Thomas Hancock, and the Race to Unlock the Greatest Industrial Secret of the Nineteenth Century.&rdquo; Hyperion. 2003.</li>
<li>Snow, Richard F. &ldquo;Charles Goodyear.&rdquo; American Heritage. April/May 1978. Vol. 29, Issue 3. https://www.americanheritage.com/charles-goodyear</li>
</ul>

Charles Goodyear's work is important to so many things we have in the 21st century. But his life and his work to create a stable rubber was full of problems -- many of them caused by Goodyear himself.

Charles Goodyear and Vulcanized Rubber

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/6181c329-e671-47bc-997f-b485004e4ded/transcript

This 2022 episode covers the development of penicillin, which started – but definitely did not end – with the chance discovery of some mold in a petri dish.

 

This 2022 episode covers the development of penicillin, which started &ndash; but definitely did not end &ndash; with the chance discovery of some mold in a petri dish.
&nbsp;

SYMHC Classics: Penicillin

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/356a333a-70f6-45ac-bb41-b4830156b3c6/transcript

Tracy shares stories of her time in London. There is also a discussion of Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin’s marriage.

Tracy shares stories of her time in London. There is also a discussion of Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin&rsquo;s&nbsp;marriage.

Behind the Scenes Minis: Dorothy Everywhere

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/07beacac-9fb0-47a9-ad17-b4810162c46c/transcript

SYMHC Classics: Frieda Belinfante

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