Solon is one of the seven sages of Athens, and he's credited with laying the groundwork for Athenian democracy. But most of what we know about him comes biographies written centuries after he lived. 

Research:
Aristotle, tr. Sir Frederic G. Kenyon. “The Athenian Constitution.” https://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/athenian_const.1.1.html
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Draco". Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Feb. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Draco-Greek-lawgiver
Cadoux, T. J. “The Athenian Archons from Kreon to Hypsichides.” The Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. 68, 1948, pp. 70–123. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/626301
Cartwright, Mark. “Solon.” World History Encyclopedia. March 10, 2016. https://www.worldhistory.org/solon/
Forrest, W. G., and D. L. Stockton. “The Athenian Archons: A Note.” Historia: Zeitschrift Für Alte Geschichte, vol. 36, no. 2, 1987, pp. 235–40. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4436007
French, A. “Solon and the Megarian Question.” The Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. 77, 1957, pp. 238–46. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/629363
Gill, N.S. "Solon's Reforms and the Rise of Democracy in Athens." ThoughtCo, Aug. 30, 2020, thoughtco.com/solons-reforms-democracy-121062.
Hölkeskamp, Karl-Joachim. “What’s in a Code? Solon’s Laws between Complexity, Compilation and Contingency.” Hermes, vol. 133, no. 3, 2005, pp. 280–93. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4477659
Leão, Delfim F. and P.J. Rhodes. “The Laws of Solon.” I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd. London. 2015.
Linforth, Ivan Mortimer. “Solon the Athenian.” University of California Press. 1919. Accessed online: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=_NENAAAAIAAJ&rdid=book-_NENAAAAIAAJ&rdot=1
Plutarch, and Aubrey Stewart, MA. “Plutarch’s Lives.” George Bell & Sons. London. 1894. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/14033/14033-h/14033-h.htm#LIFE_OF_SOLON
Plutarch, and John Dryden. “Plutarch’s Lives.” Little, Brown & Co. Boston. 1895. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/plutarchslivest02clougoog/page/n7/mode/1up
Starr, Chester G.. "Peisistratus". Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Apr. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Peisistratus

Solon is one of the seven sages of Athens, and he's credited with laying the groundwork for Athenian democracy. But most of what we know about him comes biographies written centuries after he lived. 
Research:
<ul>
<li>Aristotle, tr. Sir Frederic G. Kenyon. “The Athenian Constitution.” https://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/athenian_const.1.1.html</li>
<li>Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Draco". Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Feb. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Draco-Greek-lawgiver</li>
<li>Cadoux, T. J. “The Athenian Archons from Kreon to Hypsichides.” The Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. 68, 1948, pp. 70–123. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/626301</li>
<li>Cartwright, Mark. “Solon.” World History Encyclopedia. March 10, 2016. https://www.worldhistory.org/solon/</li>
<li>Forrest, W. G., and D. L. Stockton. “The Athenian Archons: A Note.” Historia: Zeitschrift Für Alte Geschichte, vol. 36, no. 2, 1987, pp. 235–40. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4436007</li>
<li>French, A. “Solon and the Megarian Question.” The Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. 77, 1957, pp. 238–46. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/629363</li>
<li>Gill, N.S. "Solon's Reforms and the Rise of Democracy in Athens." ThoughtCo, Aug. 30, 2020, thoughtco.com/solons-reforms-democracy-121062.</li>
<li>Hölkeskamp, Karl-Joachim. “What’s in a Code? Solon’s Laws between Complexity, Compilation and Contingency.” Hermes, vol. 133, no. 3, 2005, pp. 280–93. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4477659</li>
<li>Leão, Delfim F. and P.J. Rhodes. “The Laws of Solon.” I.B. Tauris &amp; Co. Ltd. London. 2015.</li>
<li>Linforth, Ivan Mortimer. “Solon the Athenian.” University of California Press. 1919. Accessed online: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=_NENAAAAIAAJ&amp;rdid=book-_NENAAAAIAAJ&amp;rdot=1</li>
<li>Plutarch, and Aubrey Stewart, MA. “Plutarch’s Lives.” George Bell &amp; Sons. London. 1894. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/14033/14033-h/14033-h.htm#LIFE_OF_SOLON</li>
<li>Plutarch, and John Dryden. “Plutarch’s Lives.” Little, Brown &amp; Co. Boston. 1895. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/plutarchslivest02clougoog/page/n7/mode/1up</li>
<li>Starr, Chester G.. "Peisistratus". Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Apr. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Peisistratus</li>
</ul>

Join Holly and Tracy as they bring you the greatest and strangest Stuff You Missed In History Class in this podcast by iHeartRadio.

Stuff You Missed in History Class

Solon is one of the seven sages of Athens, and he's credited with laying the groundwork for Athenian democracy. But most of what we know about him comes biographies written centuries after he lived.

Solon of Athens

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/cdeca879-3dba-4ffd-8c13-b19400174e08/transcript

This 2022 episode covers how Courbet was iconic even in his own lifetime. He flew in the face of artistic convention, ushered in a new movement of Realism in France, and became embroiled in the country’s political turmoil.  

This 2022 episode covers how Courbet was iconic even in his own lifetime. He flew in the face of artistic convention, ushered in a new movement of Realism in France, and became embroiled in the country&rsquo;s political turmoil.&nbsp;&nbsp;

SYMHC Classics: Gustave Courbet

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/62632728-def7-4ea0-b85d-b42f0160ca0a/transcript

Tracy shares her intentions to cover Peter Kropotkin years ago, and also unpacks some of the positive and negative aspects of his life.

Tracy shares her intentions to cover Peter Kropotkin years ago, and also unpacks some of the positive and negative aspects of his life.

Behind the Scenes Minis: Oh, Kropotkin!

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/f1b554eb-970b-4f50-b27d-b42c011dc319/transcript

After returning to Russia, Kropotkin was captured and imprisoned. But his life took many turns from there, and in 1902 he published his book book “Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution.”

Research:
"Peter Alekseevich Kropotkin." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, Gale, 1998. Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631003701/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=ed5ae018. Accessed 23 Mar. 2026.
Adams, Matthew S. “Rejecting the American Model: Peter Kropotkin’s Radical Communism.” History of Political Thought , Spring 2014, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Spring 2014). https://www.jstor.org/stable/26227268
Avrich, Paul, Miller, Martin A. "Peter Alekseyevich Kropotkin". Encyclopedia Britannica, 4 Feb. 2026, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Peter-Alekseyevich-Kropotkin. Accessed 23 March 2026.
Avrich, Paul. “Kropotkin in America.” International Review of Social History , Volume 25 , Issue 1 , April 1980 , pp. 1 – 34 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020859000006192.
Davis, Mike. “Kropotkin and Climate Change.” Transnational Institute of Social Ecology. 1/4/2018. https://trise.org/2018/01/04/kropotkin-and-climate-change/
Kinna, Ruth. “Kropotkin's Theory of Mutual Aid in Historical Context.” International Review of Social History , AUGUST 1995, Vol. 40, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44583751
Kropotkin, P. “Fields, Factories, and Workshops: or Industry Combined with Agriculture and Brain Work with Manual Work.” G.P. Putnam’s Sons. New York and London. 1913.
Kropotkin, P. “Memoirs of a Revolutionist.” London. Swan Sonnenschein & Co. 1906.
Kropotkin, P. “Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution.” New York. McClure Phillips & Co. 1902.
Kropotkin, Peter Alexeievich. "Memoirs of a Revolutionist." Terrorism: Essential Primary Sources, edited by K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, Gale, 2006, pp. 11-13. Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3456600019/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=f35f5dcf. Accessed 23 Mar. 2026.
Kropotkin, Peter. “Anarchism.” Encyclopedia Britannica 11th 1911.
Kropotkin, Peter. “The Conquest of Bread.” New York. Vanguard Press. 1926.
Macauley, David. "Anarchism." Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy, edited by J. Baird Callicott and Robert Frodeman, vol. 1, Macmillan Reference USA, 2009, pp. 38-40. Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3234100023/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=d3a1d4db. Accessed 23 Mar. 2026.
Montpetit, Mathilde. “Peter Kropotkin’s Memoirs of a Revolutionist (1899).” The Public Domain Review. 1/13/2026. https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/kropotkin-memoirs/
Moron, Gary Saul. “Kropotkin’s dead goose.” The New Criterion February 2022.
Prince P. A. Kropotkin. Nature 106, 735–736 (1921). https://doi.org/10.1038/106735a0
Quinn, Adam. “’Abolish the Monopolizing of the Earth’: Nature, Science, and the Environmental Politics of Transnational Anarchism.” Radical History Review. Issue 145 (January 2023). DOI 10.1215/01636545-10063606
Saytanov, Sergey V. “The Anarchist Who Stood Up to Lenin and the Bolshevik Coup of October 1917.” History News Network. July 19, 2015. https://www.historynewsnetwork.org/article/the-anarchist-who-stood-up-to-lenin-and-the-bolshe
Vollaro, Daniel. “When Anarchists Speak of Thoreau.” The Thoreau Society Bulletin, Spring 2016, No. 293 (Spring 2016). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44651625
Wills, Matthew. “Peter Kropotkin, the Prince of Mutual Aid.” JSTOR Daily. 2/4/2025. https://daily.jstor.org/peter-kropotkin-the-prince-of-mutual-aid/

 

After returning to Russia, Kropotkin was captured and imprisoned. But his life took many turns from there, and in 1902 he published his book book &ldquo;Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution.&rdquo;
Research:
<ul>
<li>"Peter Alekseevich Kropotkin." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, Gale, 1998. Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631003701/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&amp;sid=bookmark-GPS&amp;xid=ed5ae018. Accessed 23 Mar. 2026.</li>
<li>Adams, Matthew S. &ldquo;Rejecting the American Model: Peter Kropotkin&rsquo;s Radical Communism.&rdquo; History of Political Thought , Spring 2014, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Spring 2014). https://www.jstor.org/stable/26227268</li>
<li>Avrich, Paul, Miller, Martin A. "Peter Alekseyevich Kropotkin". Encyclopedia Britannica, 4 Feb. 2026, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Peter-Alekseyevich-Kropotkin. Accessed 23 March 2026.</li>
<li>Avrich, Paul. &ldquo;Kropotkin in America.&rdquo; International Review of Social History , Volume 25 , Issue 1 , April 1980 , pp. 1 &ndash; 34 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020859000006192.</li>
<li>Davis, Mike. &ldquo;Kropotkin and Climate Change.&rdquo; Transnational Institute of Social Ecology. 1/4/2018. https://trise.org/2018/01/04/kropotkin-and-climate-change/</li>
<li>Kinna, Ruth. &ldquo;Kropotkin's Theory of Mutual Aid in Historical Context.&rdquo; International Review of Social History , AUGUST 1995, Vol. 40, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44583751</li>
<li>Kropotkin, P. &ldquo;Fields, Factories, and Workshops: or Industry Combined with Agriculture and Brain Work with Manual Work.&rdquo; G.P. Putnam&rsquo;s Sons. New York and London. 1913.</li>
<li>Kropotkin, P. &ldquo;Memoirs of a Revolutionist.&rdquo; London. Swan Sonnenschein &amp; Co. 1906.</li>
<li>Kropotkin, P. &ldquo;Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution.&rdquo; New York. McClure Phillips &amp; Co. 1902.</li>
<li>Kropotkin, Peter Alexeievich. "Memoirs of a Revolutionist." Terrorism: Essential Primary Sources, edited by K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, Gale, 2006, pp. 11-13. Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3456600019/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&amp;sid=bookmark-GPS&amp;xid=f35f5dcf. Accessed 23 Mar. 2026.</li>
<li>Kropotkin, Peter. &ldquo;Anarchism.&rdquo; Encyclopedia Britannica 11th 1911.</li>
<li>Kropotkin, Peter. &ldquo;The Conquest of Bread.&rdquo; New York. Vanguard Press. 1926.</li>
<li>Macauley, David. "Anarchism." Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy, edited by J. Baird Callicott and Robert Frodeman, vol. 1, Macmillan Reference USA, 2009, pp. 38-40. Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3234100023/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&amp;sid=bookmark-GPS&amp;xid=d3a1d4db. Accessed 23 Mar. 2026.</li>
<li>Montpetit, Mathilde. &ldquo;Peter Kropotkin&rsquo;s Memoirs of a Revolutionist (1899).&rdquo; The Public Domain Review. 1/13/2026. https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/kropotkin-memoirs/</li>
<li>Moron, Gary Saul. &ldquo;Kropotkin&rsquo;s dead goose.&rdquo; The New Criterion February 2022.</li>
<li>Prince P. A. Kropotkin. Nature 106, 735&ndash;736 (1921). https://doi.org/10.1038/106735a0</li>
<li>Quinn, Adam. &ldquo;&rsquo;Abolish the Monopolizing of the Earth&rsquo;: Nature, Science, and the Environmental Politics of Transnational Anarchism.&rdquo; Radical History Review. Issue 145 (January 2023). DOI 10.1215/01636545-10063606</li>
<li>Saytanov, Sergey V. &ldquo;The Anarchist Who Stood Up to Lenin and the Bolshevik Coup of October 1917.&rdquo; History News Network. July 19, 2015. https://www.historynewsnetwork.org/article/the-anarchist-who-stood-up-to-lenin-and-the-bolshe</li>
<li>Vollaro, Daniel. &ldquo;When Anarchists Speak of Thoreau.&rdquo; The Thoreau Society Bulletin, Spring 2016, No. 293 (Spring 2016). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44651625</li>
<li>Wills, Matthew. &ldquo;Peter Kropotkin, the Prince of Mutual Aid.&rdquo; JSTOR Daily. 2/4/2025. https://daily.jstor.org/peter-kropotkin-the-prince-of-mutual-aid/</li>
</ul>
&nbsp;

After returning to Russia, Kropotkin was captured and imprisoned. But his life took many turns from there, and in 1902 he published his book book “Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution.”

Peter Kropotkin's Mutual Aid, Part 2

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/a945028f-5599-46ef-be4b-b42b0043816c/transcript

Solon of Athens

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