Louis Sullivan was an architect working in Chicago at the dawn of the skyscraper. He sought to define a new, bold style of design in the U.S., and was deeply frustrated when his peers didn’t do the same. 

Research:

• Sullivan, Louis. “An Autobiography of an Idea.” Dover Architecture. 2012. Kindle Edition.
• “Louis Sullivan.” Chicago Architecture Center. https://www.architecture.org/learn/resources/architecture-dictionary/entry/louis-sullivan/
• “Auditorium Building.” Chicago Architecture Center. https://www.architecture.org/learn/resources/buildings-of-chicago/building/auditorium-building/
• Smith, Mark Richard. “Louis Sullivan – The Struggle for American Architecture.” Whitecap Films. 2010.
• “Charnley-Persky House Museum.” https://www.sah.org/about-sah/charnley-persky-house
• Glancey, Jonathan. “The city that changed architecture forever.” BBC Culture. October 5, 2015. https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20150930-chicago-birthplace-of-the-skyscraper
• “Auditorium Theater.” https://auditoriumtheatre.org/
• Chewning, John Andrew. “William Robert Ware and the beginnings of architectural education in the United States, 1861-1881.” Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1986. https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/14983
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Dankmar Adler". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Apr. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dankmar-Adler
• Koeper, H.F.. "Louis Sullivan". Encyclopedia Britannica, 10 Apr. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-Sullivan
• Lowe, David Garrard. “Architecture: The First Chicago School.” Encyclopedia of Chicago. http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/62.html
• “World's Columbian Exposition of 1893.” American Experience. PBS. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/chicago-worlds-columbian-exposition-1893/
• Crook, David H. “Louis Sullivan and the Golden Doorway.” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, vol. 26, no. 4, 1967, pp. 250–58. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/988451
• Mumford, Mark. “Form Follows Nature: The Origins of American Organic Architecture.” Journal of Architectural Education (1984-), vol. 42, no. 3, 1989, pp. 26–37. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1425061
• Gary C. Meyer. “Louis Sullivan’s Columbus Jewel Box.” The Wisconsin Magazine of History, vol. 88, no. 3, 2005, pp. 2–17. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4637133
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "William Le Baron Jenney". Encyclopedia Britannica, 21 Sep. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Le-Baron-Jenney