Joseph Pulitzer is one of those pivotal figures in history, and his influence continues right on through today. Part one of this two-parter covers his early life, right up through his rivalry with William Randolph Hearst.

Research:

• “SUPREME COURT ENDS PANAMA LIBEL SUIT.” New York Times. Jan. 3, 1911. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/01/04/104853177.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
• Topping, Seymour. “Biography of Joseph Pulitzer.” The Pulitzer Prizes. https://www.pulitzer.org/page/biography-joseph-pulitzer
• “Was Slayback armed?” St. Louis Globe-Democrat. Oct. 15, 1882. https://www.newspapers.com/image/571093643
• United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. “The Story of Panama: Hearings on the Rainey Resolution.” U.S. Government Printing Office, 1912. Accessed online: https://books.google.com/books?id=t8Q-AAAAYAAJ&dq=%E2%80%9CThese+stories+need+no+investigation+whatever.+They+are+in+fact+wholly+and+in+form+partly+a+libel+upon+the+United+States+Government%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s
• “Panama Secrets.” The Indianapolis News. October 20, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/37283610/?terms=%22Who%20Got%20the%20Money%3F%22&match=1
• “Mr. Alonzo Slayback.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Oct. 13, 1882. https://www.newspapers.com/image/137816694/?terms=slayback&match=2
• “Died in Cairo, Egypt.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. April 11, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/138232467/?terms=Slayback
• “Francis Recalls the Killing of Col. A.W. Slayback.” The St. Louis Star and Times. October 14, 1910. https://www.newspapers.com/image/204769546/?terms=Slayback
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Bounty System". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Jul. 1998, https://www.britannica.com/event/Bounty-Syste
• “Standard Oil’s Monopoly on the Panama Canal.” Omaha World-Herald. Nov. 1, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/860064239/?terms=panama%20canal&match=1
• Vile, John R. “United States v. Press Publishing Co. (1911).” The First Amendment Encyclopedia. https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/609/united-states-v-press-publishing-co
• Morris, James McGrath. “Pulitzer.” Harper Perennial 2010.
• Peirce, Clyde. “The Panama Libel Cases.” Indiana Magazine of History, vol. 33, no. 2, 1937, pp. 171–86. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/27786879
• “Extracts from the Will of Joseph Pulitzer.” The Pulitzer Prizes. https://www.pulitzer.org/page/extracts-will-joseph-pulitzer
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Joseph Pulitzer". Encyclopedia Britannica, 25 Oct. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Pulitzer
• Csillag, Andras. “Joseph Pulitzer's Roots in Europe: A Genealogical History.” American Jewish Archives. http://sites.americanjewisharchives.org/publications/journal/PDF/1987_39_01_00_csillag.pdf
• “Panama Canal Charges.” Weekly Town Talk (Alexandria, Louisiana). Dec. 19, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/212864982/?terms=panama%20canal&match=1
• “Cromwell – Who? What? Why?” The Houston Post. November 1, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/94892307/?terms=panama%20canal&match=1
• “The Inifinitude of Graft.” The Dispatch (Lexington, N.C.). Oct. 21, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/62741584/?terms=panama%20canal&match=1
• “Indianapolis News Put in Ananias Club.” Indianapolis Star. Dec. 7, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/118619631/?terms=%22Who%20Got%20the%20Money%3F%22&match=1
• “Roosevelt Bitter in Scoring Editors.” Indianapolis News. Dec. 7, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/37311537/?terms=%22Who%20Got%20the%20Money%3F%22&match=1