Holly shares how Stewart appealed to women customers in his ads. Tracy shares some inconsistencies in the spelling of Isabel González's name in the official record. 

Holly shares how Stewart appealed to women customers in his ads. Tracy shares some inconsistencies in the spelling of Isabel González's name in the official record.

Join Holly and Tracy as they bring you the greatest and strangest Stuff You Missed In History Class in this podcast by iHeartRadio.

Stuff You Missed in History Class

Join Holly and Tracy as they bring you the greatest and strangest Stuff You Missed In History Class in this podcast by the iHM Podcast Network.

Join Holly and Tracy as they bring you the greatest and strangest Stuff You Missed In History Class in this podcast by the iHM Podcast Network.

Stuff You Missed in History Class - UK

Behind the Scenes Minis: Marketing and Activism

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/b859d28a-7795-49e4-ab13-b0840139cd2e/transcript

Holly and Tracy discuss Advent calendars in their own lives. They also discuss some of their experiences in Barcelona. 

Holly and Tracy discuss Advent calendars in their own lives. They also discuss some of their experiences in Barcelona.

Behind the Scenes Minis: Advent Gazpacho

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/77dee90e-e585-4c79-8f35-b0cf0158f48f/transcript

Montjuïc Castle is a fortress in Barcelona that dates back to the 17th century. And it has been involved in both the defense of Barcelona and its repression – repeatedly, over the course of centuries.

Research: 
"Catalonia." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 8 Jun. 2023. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Freferencecenter%2Farticle%2FCatalonia%2F20756&ebboatid=9265928. Accessed 20 Nov. 2023.
"Miguel Primo de Rivera." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 20 Jul. 1998. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Freferencecenter%2Farticle%2FMiguel-Primo-de-Rivera%2F61388&ebboatid=9265928. Accessed 20 Nov. 2023.
“The regencies of María Cristina and Espartero (1833-1840).” https://www.edu.xunta.gal/centros/espazoAbalar/aulavirtual/pluginfile.php/711/mod_imscp/content/3/the_regencies_of_mara_cristina_and_espartero_18331840.html
Albareda, Joaquim. “The reasons for the resistance of 1714.” Barcelona Metropolis. https://www.barcelona.cat/bcnmetropolis/2007-2017/en/dossier/les-raons-de-la-resistencia-de-1714/
Barcelona Cultura. “Castel de Montjuïc.” https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/castelldemontjuic/en/castle/history
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Baldomero Espartero, prince de Vergara". Encyclopedia Britannica, 23 Feb. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Baldomero-Espartero-principe-de-Vergara. Accessed 17 November 2023.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Isabella II". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Oct. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Isabella-II-queen-of-Spain. Accessed 17 November 2023.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Leopoldo O’Donnell, duke de Tetuán". Encyclopedia Britannica, 2 Nov. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leopoldo-ODonnell-duque-de-Tetuan. Accessed 17 November 2023.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Pragmatic Sanction of King Ferdinand VII". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Jul. 1998, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pragmatic-Sanction-of-King-Ferdinand-VII. Accessed 20 November 2023.
Casanovas, Jordi. “The scattered patrimony of the Jewish cemetery of Montjuïc.” Museu Nacional D’Art de Catalunya Blog. 5/25/2017. https://blog.museunacional.cat/en/the-scattered-patrimony-of-the-jewish-cemetery-of-montjuic/
Center of Studies ZAKHOR. “The Jewish Cemetery of Montjuïc in Barcelona: opportunity and challenge to dignify a common past.” For Raíces Magazine No. 76 - Fall 2008. Translated from Spanish by M. Blier. https://urbancultours.com/Imagenes/experience/Cemetery%20of%20Montjuic%20Raices%2008.pdf
Corbella, Manel Risques. “Montjuïc Castle Visitor’s Guide.” Ajuntament de Barcelona.
Geli, Carles. “Why do Catalans celebrate on September 11?” El Pais. 9/11/2013. https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2013/09/11/inenglish/1378927670_783521.html
Kahn, Sonia. “Indeterminately Independent: The Volatile Autonomy of the Spanish Region of Catalonia.” Library of Congress Blogs. https://blogs.loc.gov/maps/2022/09/indeterminately-independent-the-volatile-autonomy-of-the-spanish-region-of-catalonia/
Pons, Marc. “’For the good of Spain, Barcelona must be bombarded once every 50 years.’” El Nacional. 12/3/2019. https://www.elnacional.cat/en/culture/marc-pons-history-barcelona-bombard-50-years_412060_102.html
Sanz Loroño, Miguel Ángel. “1842: bombardeen Barcelona.” El Salto. 7/10/2023. https://www.elsaltodiario.com/anales-espana/1842-bombardeen-barcelona
Shubert, Adrian. “The Sword of Luchana: Baldomero Espartero and the Making of Modern Spain, 1793–1879.” University of Toronto Press. 2021.
Sparks, Tori. “Barcelona's Montjuïc Castle, Past & Present.” Metropolitan Barcelona. https://www.barcelona-metropolitan.com/features/history/barcelona-montjuic-castle-past-present/
Sparks, Tori. “The Reaper’s War: A Peasant Uprising in Catalunya.” Metropolitan Barcelona. https://www.barcelona-metropolitan.com/features/history/the-reapers-war-a-peasant-uprising-in-catalunya/

Montjuïc Castle is a fortress in Barcelona that dates back to the 17th century. And it has been involved in both the defense of Barcelona and its repression – repeatedly, over the course of centuries.
Research: 
<ul>
<li>"Catalonia." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 8 Jun. 2023. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.eb.com&amp;ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Freferencecenter%2Farticle%2FCatalonia%2F20756&amp;ebboatid=9265928. Accessed 20 Nov. 2023.</li>
<li>"Miguel Primo de Rivera." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 20 Jul. 1998. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.eb.com&amp;ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Freferencecenter%2Farticle%2FMiguel-Primo-de-Rivera%2F61388&amp;ebboatid=9265928. Accessed 20 Nov. 2023.</li>
<li>“The regencies of María Cristina and Espartero (1833-1840).” https://www.edu.xunta.gal/centros/espazoAbalar/aulavirtual/pluginfile.php/711/mod_imscp/content/3/the_regencies_of_mara_cristina_and_espartero_18331840.html</li>
<li>Albareda, Joaquim. “The reasons for the resistance of 1714.” Barcelona Metropolis. https://www.barcelona.cat/bcnmetropolis/2007-2017/en/dossier/les-raons-de-la-resistencia-de-1714/</li>
<li>Barcelona Cultura. “Castel de Montjuïc.” https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/castelldemontjuic/en/castle/history</li>
<li>Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Baldomero Espartero, prince de Vergara". Encyclopedia Britannica, 23 Feb. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Baldomero-Espartero-principe-de-Vergara. Accessed 17 November 2023.</li>
<li>Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Isabella II". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Oct. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Isabella-II-queen-of-Spain. Accessed 17 November 2023.</li>
<li>Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Leopoldo O’Donnell, duke de Tetuán". Encyclopedia Britannica, 2 Nov. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leopoldo-ODonnell-duque-de-Tetuan. Accessed 17 November 2023.</li>
<li>Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Pragmatic Sanction of King Ferdinand VII". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Jul. 1998, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pragmatic-Sanction-of-King-Ferdinand-VII. Accessed 20 November 2023.</li>
<li>Casanovas, Jordi. “The scattered patrimony of the Jewish cemetery of Montjuïc.” Museu Nacional D’Art de Catalunya Blog. 5/25/2017. https://blog.museunacional.cat/en/the-scattered-patrimony-of-the-jewish-cemetery-of-montjuic/</li>
<li>Center of Studies ZAKHOR. “The Jewish Cemetery of Montjuïc in Barcelona: opportunity and challenge to dignify a common past.” For Raíces Magazine No. 76 - Fall 2008. Translated from Spanish by M. Blier. https://urbancultours.com/Imagenes/experience/Cemetery%20of%20Montjuic%20Raices%2008.pdf</li>
<li>Corbella, Manel Risques. “Montjuïc Castle Visitor’s Guide.” Ajuntament de Barcelona.</li>
<li>Geli, Carles. “Why do Catalans celebrate on September 11?” El Pais. 9/11/2013. https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2013/09/11/inenglish/1378927670_783521.html</li>
<li>Kahn, Sonia. “Indeterminately Independent: The Volatile Autonomy of the Spanish Region of Catalonia.” Library of Congress Blogs. https://blogs.loc.gov/maps/2022/09/indeterminately-independent-the-volatile-autonomy-of-the-spanish-region-of-catalonia/</li>
<li>Pons, Marc. “’For the good of Spain, Barcelona must be bombarded once every 50 years.’” El Nacional. 12/3/2019. https://www.elnacional.cat/en/culture/marc-pons-history-barcelona-bombard-50-years_412060_102.html</li>
<li>Sanz Loroño, Miguel Ángel. “1842: bombardeen Barcelona.” El Salto. 7/10/2023. https://www.elsaltodiario.com/anales-espana/1842-bombardeen-barcelona</li>
<li>Shubert, Adrian. “The Sword of Luchana: Baldomero Espartero and the Making of Modern Spain, 1793–1879.” University of Toronto Press. 2021.</li>
<li>Sparks, Tori. “Barcelona's Montjuïc Castle, Past &amp; Present.” Metropolitan Barcelona. https://www.barcelona-metropolitan.com/features/history/barcelona-montjuic-castle-past-present/</li>
<li>Sparks, Tori. “The Reaper’s War: A Peasant Uprising in Catalunya.” Metropolitan Barcelona. https://www.barcelona-metropolitan.com/features/history/the-reapers-war-a-peasant-uprising-in-catalunya/</li>
</ul>

Montjuïc Castle and the Bombardments of Barcelona

https://api.omny.fm/orgs/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/clips/0d43a7dd-beba-4400-a3c6-b0cb017e7bb2/transcript

The religious observation of Advent has shifted and changed through the years. But how did we get to a point where an Advent calendar is also a non-religious Christmas countdown with chocolates or other treats?

Research:
Allen, Scott. “A Brief History of Advent Calendars.” Mental Floss. Dec. 1, 2010. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/26522/brief-history-advent-calendars
“A Look Back at the Advent of the Advent Calendar.” The Journal Times. (Racine, Wisconsin.) November 25, 2006. https://www.newspapers.com/image/342040471/?terms=advent%20history
Beck, Katherine. “The Sweet History of Chocolate in Advent Calendars.” Tasting Table. Nov. 3, 2022. https://www.tastingtable.com/1084507/the-sweet-history-of-chocolate-in-advent-calendars/
Bostrom, Kathleen Long. “Waiting for Christmas: A Story about the Advent Calendar.” Zonderkidz. 2006.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Advent". Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 Nov. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Advent
Butler, Alban. “The Moveable Feasts, Fasts, and Other Annual Observances of the Catholic Church.” John Morris. 1775. Accessed online: https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Moveable_Feasts_Fasts_and_Other_Annu/xL94Kwv5JkYC?hl=en&gbpv=0
“Advent Calendars.” German Christmas Museum. https://www.weihnachtsmuseum.de/en/adventskalender
Johnson, Maxwell E. “Between Memory and Hope: Readings on the Lirturgical Year.” Liturgical Press. 2022.
“Largest Advent Calendar.” Guiness Book of World Records. https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-advent-calendar
“President Eisenhower’s Grandchildren.” Getty Images/ Bettmann Archive. 1954. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/president-eisenhowers-three-grandchildren-join-in-an-appeal-news-photo/1177519748
Tanner, Jeremy and NEXSTAR MEDIA WIRE. “How did Advent calendars become a beloved holiday tradition?” The Hill. Dec. 11, 2022. https://thehill.com/homenews/3763921-how-did-advent-calendars-become-a-beloved-holiday-tradition/
Treisman, Rachel. “Advent calendars, explained: Where they came from and why they're everywhere now.” NPR. Updated Nov. 6, 2023. https://www.npr.org/2022/12/11/1141855237/advent-calendar-history-evolution#:~:text=German%20publisher%20Gerhard%20Lang%20is,one%20each%20day%20of%20Advent.
“The story of the Advent calendar.” SELLMER ADVENTSKALENDER. https://sellmer-adventskalender.com/en-us/pages/history-of-the-advent-calendar
Holcomb, Justin. “What is Advent? The History, Meaning, and Traditions.” Christianity.com. Nov. 13, 2023. https://www.christianity.com/wiki/holidays/what-is-advent.html
Blakemore, Erin. “What is Advent – and why do we mark it with treat-filled calendars?” National Geographic. Nov. 29, 2021. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/advent-is-a-season-of-candlelight-reflection-and-expectation
“Porsche advent calendar on sale for $1million includes yacht and watch.” Metro UK. Sept. 26, 2010. https://metro.co.uk/2010/09/26/porsche-advent-calendar-on-sale-for-1million-includes-yacht-and-watch-532456/
Shain, Susan. “Day 1: The Joy of Counting Down.” New York Times. Nov. 30, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/30/style/day-1-the-joy-of-counting-down.html
“What is Advent?” United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. https://www.usccb.org/prayer-worship/liturgical-year/advent

The religious observation of Advent has shifted and changed through the years. But how did we get to a point where an Advent calendar is also a non-religious Christmas countdown with chocolates or other treats?
Research:
<ul>
<li>Allen, Scott. “A Brief History of Advent Calendars.” Mental Floss. Dec. 1, 2010. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/26522/brief-history-advent-calendars</li>
<li>“A Look Back at the Advent of the Advent Calendar.” The Journal Times. (Racine, Wisconsin.) November 25, 2006. https://www.newspapers.com/image/342040471/?terms=advent%20history</li>
<li>Beck, Katherine. “The Sweet History of Chocolate in Advent Calendars.” Tasting Table. Nov. 3, 2022. https://www.tastingtable.com/1084507/the-sweet-history-of-chocolate-in-advent-calendars/</li>
<li>Bostrom, Kathleen Long. “Waiting for Christmas: A Story about the Advent Calendar.” Zonderkidz. 2006.</li>
<li>Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Advent". Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 Nov. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Advent</li>
<li>Butler, Alban. “The Moveable Feasts, Fasts, and Other Annual Observances of the Catholic Church.” John Morris. 1775. Accessed online: https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Moveable_Feasts_Fasts_and_Other_Annu/xL94Kwv5JkYC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0</li>
<li>“Advent Calendars.” German Christmas Museum. https://www.weihnachtsmuseum.de/en/adventskalender</li>
<li>Johnson, Maxwell E. “Between Memory and Hope: Readings on the Lirturgical Year.” Liturgical Press. 2022.</li>
<li>“Largest Advent Calendar.” Guiness Book of World Records. https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-advent-calendar</li>
<li>“President Eisenhower’s Grandchildren.” Getty Images/ Bettmann Archive. 1954. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/president-eisenhowers-three-grandchildren-join-in-an-appeal-news-photo/1177519748</li>
<li>Tanner, Jeremy and NEXSTAR MEDIA WIRE. “How did Advent calendars become a beloved holiday tradition?” The Hill. Dec. 11, 2022. https://thehill.com/homenews/3763921-how-did-advent-calendars-become-a-beloved-holiday-tradition/</li>
<li>Treisman, Rachel. “Advent calendars, explained: Where they came from and why they're everywhere now.” NPR. Updated Nov. 6, 2023. https://www.npr.org/2022/12/11/1141855237/advent-calendar-history-evolution#:~:text=German%20publisher%20Gerhard%20Lang%20is,one%20each%20day%20of%20Advent.</li>
<li>“The story of the Advent calendar.” SELLMER ADVENTSKALENDER. https://sellmer-adventskalender.com/en-us/pages/history-of-the-advent-calendar</li>
<li>Holcomb, Justin. “What is Advent? The History, Meaning, and Traditions.” Christianity.com. Nov. 13, 2023. https://www.christianity.com/wiki/holidays/what-is-advent.html</li>
<li>Blakemore, Erin. “What is Advent – and why do we mark it with treat-filled calendars?” National Geographic. Nov. 29, 2021. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/advent-is-a-season-of-candlelight-reflection-and-expectation</li>
<li>“Porsche advent calendar on sale for $1million includes yacht and watch.” Metro UK. Sept. 26, 2010. https://metro.co.uk/2010/09/26/porsche-advent-calendar-on-sale-for-1million-includes-yacht-and-watch-532456/</li>
<li>Shain, Susan. “Day 1: The Joy of Counting Down.” New York Times. Nov. 30, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/30/style/day-1-the-joy-of-counting-down.html</li>
<li>“What is Advent?” United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. https://www.usccb.org/prayer-worship/liturgical-year/advent</li>
</ul>

Behind the Scenes Minis: Marketing and Activism

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