In the second of two bonus episodes about the Heaven's Gate UFO group, Toby talks with Lake Forest University professor, Ben Zeller.

In the first of two bonus episodes about the Heaven's Gate UFO group, Toby talks with academic and researcher, George Chryssides.

In this bonus episode, Toby chats with Sarah Krasnostein, author of The Believer. They discuss the Creation Museum, people who cleanse houses of annoying spirits, and the two most famous UFO cases in Australian history.

In this bonus episode, Toby chats with University of North Carolina, Wilmington, professor Diana Pasulka about aerial phenomena in Catholic history, her book American Cosmic, and how institutionalized religion might be affected by Disclosure.

Historically, people have looked to religious authority figures to explain occurences that seem to exist outside normal human experience. A similar dynamic is at work in the UFO world where certain people claim to have knowledge unattainable by most people. Why do we listen?

The media has reported that the government has some level of interest in UFOs. But, while you might think that this would mean investigating physical crafts flying around in the sky, this is not exactly the case. What is happening is even stranger.

John Keel lived a weird and adventurous life. He brought UFOs and other strange phenomena to a larger audience through his compelling storytelling. And he had some wild theories about what all of these phenomena were, even if he didn't necessarily believe it himself.

"What is battleship gray, five to seven feet tall, has a pair of red eyes two inches in diameter which blaze like two lasers, wings which extend to ten feet when spread and loves to chase automobiles?" It's 1966 and we're in West Virginia. The answer is: The Mothman.

Emma Woods breaks off her contact with David Jacobs and tries to regain control over her life. David Jacobs responds to her allegations as she pushes Temple University to take action about his research conduct.

As Emma Woods continued to work with abduction researcher David Jacobs, her hypnosis sessions turned stranger and darker. Then, Jacobs introduced a conspiracy that he said put him and others in grave physical danger. 

A New Zealand woman who goes by the pseudonym of Emma Woods worked closely with abduction researcher David Jacobs to try to understand the strange experiences she had been through. But her sessions with him would take a decidedly dark turn.

In 1992, an alien aduction conference was held on the grounds of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with the goal of bringing the latest abduction research to the attention of interested scientists, therapists, and others. It exposed divisions between researchers on the nature of abductions and brought questions about the scientific validity of their endeavors.

Elizabeth Anglin has had paranormal experiences her entire life. Her work with Dr. John Mack helped her try to understand these experiences. Mack was one of the three leading alien abduction researchers whose conception of the phenomenon was decidedly sunnier than his colleagues. 

We are still in the early days of examining the events at the Ariel School in Ruwa, Zimbabwe. Alternative explanations are beginning to emerge, including a particularly fascinating take from a researcher named Gideon Reid. For more information on the puppet theory, visit Gideon Reid's blog at https://gideonreid.co.uk/

Outside for recess, more than 60 students at the Ariel School in Ruwa, Zimbabwe reported seeing an unknown craft and strange creatures in a thicket of trees beyond their playground. Soon, researchers would arrive and begin to record the children's testimony. Or were they also shaping it?

Over three nights in 1959 at the remote Boianai Mission in Papua New Guinea, 38 people saw an unexplained craft hover over the ocean. Figures emerged from the craft and even waved to the witnesses. What happened?

This season on Strange Arrivals, we look at UFO researchers who developed theories to explain the phenomenon and the consequences those theories had for people who believed they had experienced the paranormal.

An interview with Glen Morgan, writer and producer for The X-Files. Glen talks about how he came to be involved in the series, the development of the X-Files mythology and how an episode is conceived. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

An interview with Lynne McNeill, associate professor of folklore in the English Department at Utah State University and Chair of the Folklore Program. She is also a regular cast member on the Travel Channel's Paranormal Caught on Camera. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

Interview with David J. Halperin, who taught in the Religious Studies department at the University of North Carolina until he retired in 2000, and author of The Intimate Alien, which pushes aside the believer/skeptic dichotomy to propose a new framework from which to view the UFO question. The question is not, what are they or where do they come from? The question is what do they mean? Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

An interview with Chris Carter, the creator of a little television show you might have heard of called The X-Files. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

An interview with author Colin Dickey about his book, The Unidentified: Mythical Monsters, Alien Encounters, and Our Obsession with the Unexplained. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

Photographs and videos are a critical component in UFO folklore, but there isn't a single example as iconic as ones for the Sasquatch and the Loch Ness Monster. But two photos taken in Oregon in 1950 might come the closest. Later in the episode, why has public interest in UFOs continued while other paranormal topics come and go? Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

Popular culture has been important in UFO folklore, both absorbing the existing stories around UFOs and creating new narratives. The 90s television show The X-Files was probably the most important of all UFO-related media. Show creator Chris Carter and writer Glen Morgan talk about making the show and its relation to the UFO narratives at the time. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

Richard Doty makes a deal with Bill Moore to trade what the government knows about flying saucers for information about the UFO community. But what is this information that Moore receives and can it be trusted?  Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

In the late 1970s and early 80s, an electrical engineer named Paul Bennewitz filmed lights over Kirtland Air Force Base in Albuquerque, NM, and recorded audio signals that he believed were alien communications. Instead of asking him to stop, the Air Force Office of Special Investigations convinced him that he was, in fact, seeing and hearing extraterrestrials. Why? Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

The Roswell crash is perhaps the most famous UFO incident in history. But for more than 30 years after the debris was found in 1947, the case was relatively unknown. It resurfaced in 1980, amid an era of civilian UFO investigation and government disinformation, two efforts that would meet in the case of an electrical engineer in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

After Project Blue Book was shuttered, J. Allen Hynek was the best known authority on UFOs and cemented this perception with his Close Encounters classification system. But despite his scientific training, Hynek was very interested in and receptive to the paranormal. What effect did this have on his conclusions about UFOs? Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

J. Allen Hynek arrives in Michigan to investigate a rash of UFO sightings. Under pressure to come to a quick conclusion, he delivers an explanation that prompts anger, ridicule and another official look at Project Blue Book's two decades of work. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

J. Allen Hynek joins the Air Force’s UFO investigation effort in its earliest stages. He finds most cases easy to explain, but become increasingly troubled by the ones that he can’t. During the Spring of 1966 in Michigan a series of UFO sightings, including by police and almost 100 students at a local college, seems to have the potential to spark the mass panic that the Robertson Panel feared. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

In 1964, a patrolman on a desert stretch of highway hears an explosion. Investigating, he sees two beings standing outside an egg-shaped vehicle. As he watches in terror, the vehicle takes off with a great noise and recedes across the landscape. To find answers, the Air Force sends Project Blue Book personnel to determine what has happened. With them is consultant J. Allen Hynek, who becomes a key figure in the development of how we view UFOs. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

The three main witnesses to the Rendlesham Forest encounters agree about the basic events that happened over the three nights. But there are parts where they don’t agree, and that's where things get even stranger. And what, exactly, did they encounter during those 72 hours? They don’t agree on that, either. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

The British tabloids get wind of the Rendlesham encounter and it becomes public in 1983. The news prompts a closer look at the Rendlesham narratives, and researchers put forward alternative explanations that don’t involve unknown craft entering the air space above RAF Bentwaters. Twenty years after the encounter, the UK Ministry of Defense releases its Rendlesham file. What’s inside is not what researchers were expecting. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

Two nights after the first encounter, strange lights are once again seen above RAF Bentwaters and RAF Woodbridge. The US Air Force dispatches a group into Rendlesham Forest to investigate. The leader of the group makes an audio recording of the hours-long incident that follows, involving multiple unidentified lights that seem to invade the airspace above facilities where nuclear weapons are stored. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

On Christmas night, 1980, a light is observed descending into a forest just outside RAF Bentwaters, a British military air base on the eastern coast of England. Three American servicemen leave the base and follow the light into Rendlesham Forest. What they see marks the beginning of a three-night incident known as Britain’s Roswell. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

In this extended trailer, we give you a sneak preview of the story at the heart of Strange Arrivals season two: The Rendlesham Forest Incident, sometimes known as Britain's Roswell. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

This season on Strange Arrivals, we explore the Rendlesham Forest Incident, one of the most famous UFO sightings in history, sometimes described as Britain's Roswell. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

An interview with documentary filmmaker Carol Rainey, who was the research partner and wife of UFO researcher Budd Hopkins in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

An interview with Stephanie Kelley-Romano, an associate professor at Bates College who has done academic work on alien abduction stories. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

An interview with Sarah Scoles, author of They Are Already Here: UFO Culture and Why We See Saucers, a first-person anthropolical look at the people who make up the UFO community. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

The abduction phenomenon has largely faded from public consciousness. What is the current state of abduction research? And looking back to the very beginning of this season, why is it that some people are prone to belief in the paranormal while others are prone to skepticism? Finally, how should we regard abduction stories and other extraordinary claims? Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

The search for ever-more-incredible stories led to strange theories about the purpose of alien abductions and eventually to the bizarre case of Linda Cortile. Budd Hopkins considered it to be the most compelling abduction case ever investigated. But was it real? Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

Three researchers, Budd Hopkins, David Jacobs, and John Mack, revolutionized the study of alien abductions in the 1980s and 90s. Their research, based on hypnotic regression of people they suspected were abductees, suggested that aliens could access anyone, anywhere, at any time. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

Betty and Barney Hill's experience established the framework for future tales of alien abduction. But the Hill story was just the jumping off point for abductee narratives that followed. Among the first abduction tales to follow the publication of An Interrupted Journey was Betty Andreasson's alleged kidnapping by friendly, spiritual aliens who took her on a journey to distant worlds; worlds that seemed a reflection of Betty's core beliefs. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

The Hills described their UFO encounter taking place over several miles, beginning with a bright light in the sky and ending with a craft hovering above a field. Nobody believes they were just making their story up. So what did they see that night as they drove through northern New Hampshire? Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

Betty Hill had a series of intense dreams after her UFO encounter. How did these dreams inform the memories recovered during hypnosis sessions two years later? They way the Hills described the aliens they met changed over time, becoming less human. Why did the descriptions change and how did they finally arrive at a definitive answer to what these creatures looked like? Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

Betty and Barney Hill's memories of being abducted by aliens were recovered through hypnotic regression. But does this technique uncover actual memories, or something else? How does what we know now about memory formation and hypnosis change how we look at the Hills' story of capture aboard an alien craft? Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

While under hypnosis, Betty Hill told of being shown a star map by one of her alien captors. Years later, she sketched what she remembered of the map. This led a teacher named Marjorie Fish to create intricate models of the galaxy to determine the origin of the space craft, and set off a dispute about the accuracy of the map and the reality of their experience. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

UFO culture of the 1950s revolved around two competing visions; one of contact with advanced beings from within our solar system and another focusing sightings of distant flying objects in the sky. Under hypnosis, the Hills told a story that differed from both of these narratives, one of capture and examination by truly alien beings. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

More than two years after their UFO encounter in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, Betty and Barney Hill underwent hypnosis therapy with renowned psychiatrist Dr. Benjamin Simon. These sessions revealed that there was more to the Hill's story than they had previously remembered. This story was all the more remarkable because it was so different from the stories of the early years of America's fascination with UFOs - the 1950s. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com