In our last episode, we talked about the four conditions of complex systems: numerosity, disorder and diversity, feedback, and non-equilibrium — and we also talked about the concept of emergence. In this episode, which is part two of our two-part series on the features of complex systems, we're joined again by Karoline Wiesner, Professor of Complexity Science in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Potsdam in Germany.

In this episode, Karoline explains the six emergent features of complex systems: 

1. Spontaneous order and self-organisation
2. Non-linearity
3. Robustness
4. Nested structure and modularity
5. History and memory
6. Adaptive behaviour 

By the time you've finished this episode, you'll understand the underlying principles of complex systems that hold together the wide variety of topics we talk about in this series.

Resources and links:

• Karoline’s book ‘What Is a Complex System?’
• Simplifying Complexity - What makes ant colonies robust? 
• Simplifying Complexity - The Economy and Complexity Science: Part 2 

Connect:

• Simplifying Complexity on Twitter
• Sean Brady on Twitter
• Sean Brady on LinkedIn
• Brady Heywood website