Dengue fever is in the news right now after the death of a young Samoan boy at Starship Hospital last week. As many New Zealanders travel to the Pacific Islands, the recent outbreak means it’s something to consider. 

The other interesting fact about dengue fever is as well as being relevant to the Pacific, it’s becoming more common around the world due to climate change – increasing temperature and humidity driving mosquito population and leading to more people being infected. 

What is it?  

• A mosquito-spread virus. You get it when a mosquito bites you that is infected with dengue fever.  
• Unlike malaria, it’s carried by the small mosquitoes that come out during the day. Not the evening/early morning mosquitoes that typically carry malaria. 
• It’s becoming more common around the world with climate change – with hotter more humid temperatures.  
• Endemic in Pacific, which is presently going through an outbreak.  
• Can actually now be found in places like far North Queensland.  
• It could it reach New Zealand one day – possibly with climate change.  

What happens if you are bitten by a mosquito carrying dengue fever?  

• Symptoms occur 4-10 days after the mosquito bite.  
• Typical symptoms: High fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint aches (has been referred to as ‘break bone fever’), nausea, vomiting, and skin rash.  
• Often people recover after 1-2 weeks.  
• Severe form is called haemorrhagic fever with bleeding, cardiovascular shock, and sometimes death.  
• Typically occurs when you get an infection a second time – not the first.  

What can we do treat it?  

• Important: There is no vaccine to prevent the disease, once you have it there is no treatment.  
• Just treat the symptoms:  
• Paracetamol, not ibuprofen or aspirin as this can increase bleeding risk.  
• Plenty of fluids and rest.  
• A majority will get better, however, if symptoms are severe, you need to see a doctor and may need the hospital. 

How do we prevent it?  

• Be aware that Pacific destinations Fiji, Tonga and Samoa have had recent outbreaks.  
• Outbreaks are often every 2-5 years with year-round risk.  
• Resorts often put in place protocols to reduce/eliminate mosquitoes.  
• If mosquitoes are around, protect against getting bitten with insect repellents, long sleeve shorts/pants, and mosquito nets. 

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