In this episode Dr Sarah Howard discusses healthy ageing in dogs with Dr Matthew Muir.

Topics discussed include:
The reason ageing is currently a hot topic.
What leads to an increased lifespan and better quality of life?
Diet changes that can impact ageing in dogs.
Dr Muir discusses what we should avoid in order to increase lifespan.
Matthew goes into details of what dogs' diets should look like to prevent disease.
How often should we be feeding our pets?
What happens to the gut microbiome as dogs get older? 
Dr Muir delves into supplements that can be beneficial for ageing and emerging tools that are becoming available.
The importance of preventative medicine - proactive vs reactive care.
Accelerators of biological ageing.

Additional resources:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11991408/ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11675035/https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1355560/full https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505706/ https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/11/564https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4936929/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22216092/ 

 
Adams VJ, Watson P, Carmichael S, Gerry S, Penell J, Morgan DM. Exceptional longevity and potential determinants of successful ageing in a cohort of 39 Labrador retrievers: results of a prospective longitudinal study. Acta Vet Scand. 2016;58:29. doi:10.1186/s13028-016-0204-8
Cupp CJ, Jean-Philippe C, Kerr WW, Patil AR. Effect of nutritional interventions on longevity of senior cats. Int J Appl Res Vet Med. 2007;5(3):133–149
Bermingham EN, Patterson KA, Shoveller AK, Fraser K, Butowski CF, Thomas DG. Nutritional needs and health outcomes of ageing cats and dogs: is it time for updated nutrient guidelines? Anim Front. 2024;14(3):5–16. doi:10.1093/af/vfae008
Jackson J, Radford AD, Belshaw Z, Wallis LJ, Kubinyi E, German AJ, Westgarth C. Using veterinary health records at scale to investigate ageing dogs and their common issues in primary care. J Small Anim Pract. 2025;66(2):81–91. doi:10.1111/jsap.13809
Creevy KE, O'Neill DG, Promislow DEL. Morbidity and mortality in elderly dogs – a model for human aging. BMC Vet Res. 2022;18(1):456. doi:10.1186/s12917-022-03518-8
Lewis TW, Wiles BM, Llewellyn-Zaidi AM, Evans KM, O’Neill DG. Longevity and mortality in Kennel Club registered dog breeds in the UK in 2014. Canine Genet Epidemiol. 2018;5:10. doi:10.1186/s40575-018-0066-8
Kealy RD, Lawler DF, Ballam JM, Mantz SL, Biery DN, Greeley EH, Lust G, Segre M, Smith GK, Stowe HD. Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002;220(9):1315–1320. doi:10.2460/javma.2002.220.1315
Guelfi G, Capaccia C, Tedeschi M, Bufalari A, Leonardi L, Cenci-Goga B, Maranesi M. Dog aging: a comprehensive review of molecular, cellular, and physiological processes. Cells. 2024;13(24):2101. doi:10.3390/cells13242101
Laflamme DP. Nutritional care for aging cats and dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2012;42(4):769–791. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2012.04.002
Hall JA, Jewell DE. Feeding healthy beagles medium-chain triglycerides, fish oil, and L-carnitine offsets age-related changes in serum fatty acids and carnitine metabolites. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e49510. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049510
Bermingham EN, Patterson KA, Shoveller AK, Fraser K, Butowski CF, Thomas DG. Nutritional needs and health outcomes of ageing cats and dogs: is it time for updated nutrient guidelines? Anim Front. 2024;14(3):5–16. doi:10.1093/af/vfae008
Bray EE, Zheng Z, Tolbert MK, McCoy BM, Kaeberlein M, Kerr KF; Dog Aging Project Consortium. Once-daily feeding is associated with better health in companion dogs: results from the Dog Aging Project. GeroScience. 2022;44(3):1779–1790. doi:10.1007/s11357-022-00575-7
Palaseweenun P, Hagen‐Plantinga EA, Schonewille JT, Koop G, Butre C, Jonathan M, Wierenga PA, Hendriks WH. Urinary excretion of advanced glycation end products in dogs and cats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2021;105(1):149–156. doi:10.1111/jpn.13347
Yang L, Yang L, Cai Y, Luo Y, Wang H, Wang L, Chen J, Liu X, Wu Y, Qin Y, Wu Z, Liu N. Natural mycotoxin contamination in dog food: a review on toxicity and detoxification methods. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023;257:114948. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114948
Bridglalsingh S, Archer-Hartmann S, Azadi P, Barbier de La Serre C, Remillard RL, Sunvold GD, Bartges JW. Association of four differently processed diets with plasma and urine advanced glycation end products and serum soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products concentration in healthy dogs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2024;108(3):735–751. doi:10.1111/jpn.13927
Marchi PH, Vendramini THA, Perini MP, Zafalon RVA, Amaral AR, Ochamotto VA, Da Silveira JC, Dagli MLZ, Brunetto MA. Obesity, inflammation, and cancer in dogs: review and perspectives. Front Vet Sci. 2022;9:1004122. doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.1004122
Schmid SM, Hoffman JM, Prescott J, Ernst H, Promislow DEL, Creevy KE; Dog Aging Project Consortium. The companion dog as a model for inflammaging: a cross-sectional pilot study. GeroScience. 2024;46(6):5395–5407. doi:10.1007/s11357-024-01217-w
Ren J, Li H, Zeng G, Pang B, Wang Q, Wei J. Gut microbiome-mediated mechanisms in aging-related diseases: are probiotics ready for prime time? Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1178596. doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1178596
Parker A, Romano S, Ansorge R, Aboelnour A, Le Gall G, Savva GM, Pontifex MG, Telatin A, Baker D, Jones E, Vauzour D, Rudder S, Blackshaw LA, Jeffery G, Carding SR. Fecal microbiota transfer between young and aged mice reverses hallmarks of the aging gut, eye, and brain. Microbiome. 2022;10:68. doi:10.1186/s40168-022-01262-3
Ulluwishewa D, Anderson RC, McNabb WC, et al. Regulation of tight junction permeability by intestinal bacteria and dietary components. J Nutr. 2011;141(5):769–76. doi:10.3945/jn.110.135657
Cao L, Lee SG, Lim KT, Kim HR. Potential anti-aging substances derived from seaweeds. Mar Drugs. 2020;18(11):564. doi:10.3390/md18110564
Grzeczka A, Graczyk S, Kordowitzki P. Pleiotropic effects of resveratrol on aging-related cardiovascular diseases—what can we learn from research in dogs? Cells. 2024;13(20):1732. doi:10.3390/cells13201732
Kusaba A, Arai T. Shiitake mushroom powder supplementation increases antioxidative activity in dogs. Front Vet Sci. 2024;11:1355560. doi:10.3389/fvets.2024.1355560
Cho HW, Choi S, Seo K, Kim KH, Jeon JH, Kim CH, Lim S, Jeong S, Chun JL. Gut microbiota profiling in aged dogs after feeding pet food contained Hericium erinaceus. J Anim Sci Technol. 2022 Sep;64(5):937-949.
Kaur J, Seshadri S, Golla KH, Sampara P. Efficacy and safety of standardized ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract on reducing stress and anxiety in domestic dogs: A randomized controlled trial. J Vet Behav. 2022;51:8–15.
Bharani KK, Devarasetti AK, Carey L, Khurana A, Kollipaka R, Hanuman DDV, Chetla VS, Banothu AK. Effects of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract on aging-related changes in healthy geriatric dogs: A randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled study. Vet Med Sci. 2024 Sep;10(5):e1556
Sacoor C, Marugg JD, Lima NR, Empadinhas N, Montezinho L. Gut-brain axis impact on canine anxiety disorders: new challenges for behavioral veterinary medicine. Vet Med Int. 2024;2024:2856759. doi:10.1155/2024/2856759
Lee E, Carreras-Gallo N, Lopez L, Turner L, Lin A, Mendez TL, Went H, Tomusiak A, Verdin E, Corley M, Ndhlovu L, Smith R, Dwaraka VB. Exploring the effects of Dasatinib, Quercetin, and Fisetin on DNA methylation clocks: a longitudinal study on senolytic interventions. Aging (Albany NY). 2024;16(4):3088–3106. doi:10.18632/aging.205581
Bitto A, Ito TK, Pineda VV, LeTexier NJ, Huang HZ, Sutlief E, Tung H, Vizzini N, Chen B, Smith K, Meza D, Yajima M, Beyer RP, Kerr KF, Davis DJ, Gillespie CH, Snyder JM, Treuting PM, Kaeberlein M. Transient rapamycin treatment can increase lifespan and healthspan in middle-aged mice. eLife. 2016;5:e16351. doi:10.7554/eLife.16351
Urfer SR, Kaeberlein TL, Mailheau S, Bergman PJ, Creevy KE, Promislow DEL, Kaeberlein M. A randomized controlled trial to establish effects of short-term rapamycin treatment in 24 middle-aged companion dogs. GeroScience. 2017;39(2):117–127. doi:10.1007/s11357-017-9972-z
Kaeberlein M, Creevy KE, Promislow DEL. The Dog Aging Project: translational geroscience in companion animals. Mamm Genome. 2016;27(7–8):279–288. doi:10.1007/s00335-016-9638-
Mulder IE, Schmidt B, Lewis M, Delday M, Stokes CR, Bailey M, Aminov RI, Gill BP, Pluske JR, Mayer CD, Kelly D. Restricting microbial exposure in early life negates the immune benefits associated with gut colonization in environments of high microbial diversity. PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28279. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028279
Hemida M, Vuori KA, Moore R, Anturaniemi J, Hielm-Björkman A. Early life modifiable exposures and their association with owner-reported inflammatory bowel disease symptoms in adult dogs. Front Vet Sci. 2021;8:552350. doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.552350
McMahon JE, Graves JL, Tovar AP, Peloquin M, Greenwood K, Chen FL, Nelson M, McCandless EE, Halioua-Haubold CL, Juarez-Salinas D. Translational immune and metabolic markers of aging in dogs. Sci Rep. 2025;15:14460. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-51976-3
Urfer SR, Kaeberlein M. Desexing dogs: a review of the current literature. Animals (Basel). 2019;9(12):1086. doi:10.3390/ani9121086
Santos JDP, Cunha E, Nunes T, Tavares L, Oliveira M. Relation between periodontal disease and systemic diseases in dogs. Res Vet Sci. 2019;125:136–140. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.05.011
Selting KA, Ringold R, Husbands B, Pithua PO. Thymidine kinase type 1 and C-reactive protein concentrations in dogs with spontaneously occurring cancer. J Vet Intern Med. 2016;30(4):1159–1166. doi:10.1111/jvim.13954
Urfer SR, Kaeberlein M. Desexing dogs: a review of the current literature. Animals (Basel). 2019;9(12):1086. doi:10.3390/ani9121086
Clark JD, Rager DR, Crowell-Davis S, Evans DL. Housing and exercise of dogs: effects on behaviour, immune function and cortisol concentration. Lab Anim Sci. 1997;47(5):500–510

In this episode Dr Sarah Howard discusses healthy ageing in dogs with Dr Matthew Muir.
Topics discussed include:
<ul>
<li>The reason ageing is currently a hot topic.</li>
<li>What leads to an increased lifespan and better quality of life?</li>
<li>Diet changes that can impact ageing in dogs.</li>
<li>Dr Muir discusses what we should avoid in order to increase lifespan.</li>
<li>Matthew goes into details of what dogs' diets should look like to prevent disease.</li>
<li>How often should we be feeding our pets?</li>
<li>What happens to the gut microbiome as dogs get older?&nbsp;</li>
<li>Dr Muir delves into supplements that can be beneficial for ageing and emerging tools that are becoming available.</li>
<li>The importance of preventative medicine - proactive vs reactive care.</li>
<li>Accelerators of biological ageing.</li>
</ul>
Additional resources:
<a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11991408/__;!!CEhSEjbNfnTs!lavdPFNI0HUkplUD9LyVKTXSymBM9eMLxX30QiwG6B7QqgMBEbjV9y0wNSpnAVv40_pF7emzm6nA3XXpOfeLUYOut-xvUzD-OBH8uvQ$" data-auth="NotApplicable" data-linkindex="0">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11991408/</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11675035/__;!!CEhSEjbNfnTs!lavdPFNI0HUkplUD9LyVKTXSymBM9eMLxX30QiwG6B7QqgMBEbjV9y0wNSpnAVv40_pF7emzm6nA3XXpOfeLUYOut-xvUzD-4nvBWZs$" data-auth="NotApplicable" data-linkindex="1">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11675035/</a><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1355560/full__;!!CEhSEjbNfnTs!lavdPFNI0HUkplUD9LyVKTXSymBM9eMLxX30QiwG6B7QqgMBEbjV9y0wNSpnAVv40_pF7emzm6nA3XXpOfeLUYOut-xvUzD-z9uQ6Bc$" data-auth="NotApplicable" data-linkindex="2">https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1355560/full</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505706/__;!!CEhSEjbNfnTs!lavdPFNI0HUkplUD9LyVKTXSymBM9eMLxX30QiwG6B7QqgMBEbjV9y0wNSpnAVv40_pF7emzm6nA3XXpOfeLUYOut-xvUzD-Arnu4_s$" data-auth="NotApplicable" data-linkindex="3">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505706/</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/11/564__;!!CEhSEjbNfnTs!lavdPFNI0HUkplUD9LyVKTXSymBM9eMLxX30QiwG6B7QqgMBEbjV9y0wNSpnAVv40_pF7emzm6nA3XXpOfeLUYOut-xvUzD-Cj4kl2Y$" data-auth="NotApplicable" data-linkindex="4">https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/11/564</a><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4936929/__;!!CEhSEjbNfnTs!lavdPFNI0HUkplUD9LyVKTXSymBM9eMLxX30QiwG6B7QqgMBEbjV9y0wNSpnAVv40_pF7emzm6nA3XXpOfeLUYOut-xvUzD-x5iLfVc$" data-auth="NotApplicable" data-linkindex="5">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4936929/</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22216092/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22216092/</a>&nbsp;
&nbsp;
<ol>
<li>Adams VJ, Watson P, Carmichael S, Gerry S, Penell J, Morgan DM. Exceptional longevity and potential determinants of successful ageing in a cohort of 39 Labrador retrievers: results of a prospective longitudinal study. Acta Vet Scand. 2016;58:29. doi:10.1186/s13028-016-0204-8</li>
<li>Cupp CJ, Jean-Philippe C, Kerr WW, Patil AR. Effect of nutritional interventions on longevity of senior cats. Int J Appl Res Vet Med. 2007;5(3):133&ndash;149</li>
<li>Bermingham EN, Patterson KA, Shoveller AK, Fraser K, Butowski CF, Thomas DG. Nutritional needs and health outcomes of ageing cats and dogs: is it time for updated nutrient guidelines? Anim Front. 2024;14(3):5&ndash;16. doi:10.1093/af/vfae008</li>
<li>Jackson J, Radford AD, Belshaw Z, Wallis LJ, Kubinyi E, German AJ, Westgarth C. Using veterinary health records at scale to investigate ageing dogs and their common issues in primary care. J Small Anim Pract. 2025;66(2):81&ndash;91. doi:10.1111/jsap.13809</li>
<li>Creevy KE, O'Neill DG, Promislow DEL. Morbidity and mortality in elderly dogs &ndash; a model for human aging. BMC Vet Res. 2022;18(1):456. doi:10.1186/s12917-022-03518-8</li>
<li>Lewis TW, Wiles BM, Llewellyn-Zaidi AM, Evans KM, O&rsquo;Neill DG. Longevity and mortality in Kennel Club registered dog breeds in the UK in 2014. Canine Genet Epidemiol. 2018;5:10. doi:10.1186/s40575-018-0066-8</li>
<li>Kealy RD, Lawler DF, Ballam JM, Mantz SL, Biery DN, Greeley EH, Lust G, Segre M, Smith GK, Stowe HD. Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002;220(9):1315&ndash;1320. doi:10.2460/javma.2002.220.1315</li>
<li>Guelfi G, Capaccia C, Tedeschi M, Bufalari A, Leonardi L, Cenci-Goga B, Maranesi M. Dog aging: a comprehensive review of molecular, cellular, and physiological processes. Cells. 2024;13(24):2101. doi:10.3390/cells13242101</li>
<li>Laflamme DP. Nutritional care for aging cats and dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2012;42(4):769&ndash;791. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2012.04.002</li>
<li>Hall JA, Jewell DE. Feeding healthy beagles medium-chain triglycerides, fish oil, and L-carnitine offsets age-related changes in serum fatty acids and carnitine metabolites. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e49510. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049510</li>
<li>Bermingham EN, Patterson KA, Shoveller AK, Fraser K, Butowski CF, Thomas DG. Nutritional needs and health outcomes of ageing cats and dogs: is it time for updated nutrient guidelines? Anim Front. 2024;14(3):5&ndash;16. doi:10.1093/af/vfae008</li>
<li>Bray EE, Zheng Z, Tolbert MK, McCoy BM, Kaeberlein M, Kerr KF; Dog Aging Project Consortium. Once-daily feeding is associated with better health in companion dogs: results from the Dog Aging Project. GeroScience. 2022;44(3):1779&ndash;1790. doi:10.1007/s11357-022-00575-7</li>
<li>Palaseweenun P, Hagen‐Plantinga EA, Schonewille JT, Koop G, Butre C, Jonathan M, Wierenga PA, Hendriks WH. Urinary excretion of advanced glycation end products in dogs and cats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2021;105(1):149&ndash;156. doi:10.1111/jpn.13347</li>
<li>Yang L, Yang L, Cai Y, Luo Y, Wang H, Wang L, Chen J, Liu X, Wu Y, Qin Y, Wu Z, Liu N. Natural mycotoxin contamination in dog food: a review on toxicity and detoxification methods. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023;257:114948. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114948</li>
<li>Bridglalsingh S, Archer-Hartmann S, Azadi P, Barbier de La Serre C, Remillard RL, Sunvold GD, Bartges JW. Association of four differently processed diets with plasma and urine advanced glycation end products and serum soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products concentration in healthy dogs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2024;108(3):735&ndash;751. doi:10.1111/jpn.13927</li>
<li>Marchi PH, Vendramini THA, Perini MP, Zafalon RVA, Amaral AR, Ochamotto VA, Da Silveira JC, Dagli MLZ, Brunetto MA. Obesity, inflammation, and cancer in dogs: review and perspectives. Front Vet Sci. 2022;9:1004122. doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.1004122</li>
<li>Schmid SM, Hoffman JM, Prescott J, Ernst H, Promislow DEL, Creevy KE; Dog Aging Project Consortium. The companion dog as a model for inflammaging: a cross-sectional pilot study. GeroScience. 2024;46(6):5395&ndash;5407. doi:10.1007/s11357-024-01217-w</li>
<li>Ren J, Li H, Zeng G, Pang B, Wang Q, Wei J. Gut microbiome-mediated mechanisms in aging-related diseases: are probiotics ready for prime time? Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1178596. doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1178596</li>
<li>Parker A, Romano S, Ansorge R, Aboelnour A, Le Gall G, Savva GM, Pontifex MG, Telatin A, Baker D, Jones E, Vauzour D, Rudder S, Blackshaw LA, Jeffery G, Carding SR. Fecal microbiota transfer between young and aged mice reverses hallmarks of the aging gut, eye, and brain. Microbiome. 2022;10:68. doi:10.1186/s40168-022-01262-3</li>
<li>Ulluwishewa D, Anderson RC, McNabb WC, et al. Regulation of tight junction permeability by intestinal bacteria and dietary components. J Nutr. 2011;141(5):769&ndash;76. doi:10.3945/jn.110.135657</li>
<li>Cao L, Lee SG, Lim KT, Kim HR. Potential anti-aging substances derived from seaweeds. Mar Drugs. 2020;18(11):564. doi:10.3390/md18110564</li>
<li>Grzeczka A, Graczyk S, Kordowitzki P. Pleiotropic effects of resveratrol on aging-related cardiovascular diseases&mdash;what can we learn from research in dogs? Cells. 2024;13(20):1732. doi:10.3390/cells13201732</li>
<li>Kusaba A, Arai T. Shiitake mushroom powder supplementation increases antioxidative activity in dogs. Front Vet Sci. 2024;11:1355560. doi:10.3389/fvets.2024.1355560</li>
<li>Cho HW, Choi S, Seo K, Kim KH, Jeon JH, Kim CH, Lim S, Jeong S, Chun JL. Gut microbiota profiling in aged dogs after feeding pet food contained Hericium erinaceus. J Anim Sci Technol. 2022 Sep;64(5):937-949.</li>
<li>Kaur J, Seshadri S, Golla KH, Sampara P. Efficacy and safety of standardized ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract on reducing stress and anxiety in domestic dogs: A randomized controlled trial. J Vet Behav. 2022;51:8&ndash;15.</li>
<li>Bharani KK, Devarasetti AK, Carey L, Khurana A, Kollipaka R, Hanuman DDV, Chetla VS, Banothu AK. Effects of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract on aging-related changes in healthy geriatric dogs: A randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled study. Vet Med Sci. 2024 Sep;10(5):e1556</li>
<li>Sacoor C, Marugg JD, Lima NR, Empadinhas N, Montezinho L. Gut-brain axis impact on canine anxiety disorders: new challenges for behavioral veterinary medicine.&nbsp;Vet Med Int. 2024;2024:2856759. doi:10.1155/2024/2856759</li>
<li>Lee E, Carreras-Gallo N, Lopez L, Turner L, Lin A, Mendez TL, Went H, Tomusiak A, Verdin E, Corley M, Ndhlovu L, Smith R, Dwaraka VB. Exploring the effects of Dasatinib, Quercetin, and Fisetin on DNA methylation clocks: a longitudinal study on senolytic interventions.&nbsp;Aging (Albany NY). 2024;16(4):3088&ndash;3106. doi:10.18632/aging.205581</li>
<li>Bitto A, Ito TK, Pineda VV, LeTexier NJ, Huang HZ, Sutlief E, Tung H, Vizzini N, Chen B, Smith K, Meza D, Yajima M, Beyer RP, Kerr KF, Davis DJ, Gillespie CH, Snyder JM, Treuting PM, Kaeberlein M. Transient rapamycin treatment can increase lifespan and healthspan in middle-aged mice.&nbsp;eLife. 2016;5:e16351. doi:10.7554/eLife.16351</li>
<li>Urfer SR, Kaeberlein TL, Mailheau S, Bergman PJ, Creevy KE, Promislow DEL, Kaeberlein M. A randomized controlled trial to establish effects of short-term rapamycin treatment in 24 middle-aged companion dogs.&nbsp;GeroScience. 2017;39(2):117&ndash;127. doi:10.1007/s11357-017-9972-z</li>
<li>Kaeberlein M, Creevy KE, Promislow DEL. The Dog Aging Project: translational geroscience in companion animals.&nbsp;Mamm Genome. 2016;27(7&ndash;8):279&ndash;288. doi:10.1007/s00335-016-9638-</li>
<li>Mulder IE, Schmidt B, Lewis M, Delday M, Stokes CR, Bailey M, Aminov RI, Gill BP, Pluske JR, Mayer CD, Kelly D. Restricting microbial exposure in early life negates the immune benefits associated with gut colonization in environments of high microbial diversity.&nbsp;PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28279. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028279</li>
<li>Hemida M, Vuori KA, Moore R, Anturaniemi J, Hielm-Bj&ouml;rkman A. Early life modifiable exposures and their association with owner-reported inflammatory bowel disease symptoms in adult dogs.&nbsp;Front Vet Sci. 2021;8:552350. doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.552350</li>
<li>McMahon JE, Graves JL, Tovar AP, Peloquin M, Greenwood K, Chen FL, Nelson M, McCandless EE, Halioua-Haubold CL, Juarez-Salinas D. Translational immune and metabolic markers of aging in dogs.&nbsp;Sci Rep. 2025;15:14460. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-51976-3</li>
<li>Urfer SR, Kaeberlein M. Desexing dogs: a review of the current literature.&nbsp;Animals (Basel). 2019;9(12):1086. doi:10.3390/ani9121086</li>
<li>Santos JDP, Cunha E, Nunes T, Tavares L, Oliveira M. Relation between periodontal disease and systemic diseases in dogs.&nbsp;Res Vet Sci. 2019;125:136&ndash;140. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.05.011</li>
<li>Selting KA, Ringold R, Husbands B, Pithua PO. Thymidine kinase type 1 and C-reactive protein concentrations in dogs with spontaneously occurring cancer.&nbsp;J Vet Intern Med. 2016;30(4):1159&ndash;1166. doi:10.1111/jvim.13954</li>
<li>Urfer SR, Kaeberlein M. Desexing dogs: a review of the current literature.&nbsp;Animals (Basel). 2019;9(12):1086. doi:10.3390/ani9121086</li>
<li>Clark JD, Rager DR, Crowell-Davis S, Evans DL. Housing and exercise of dogs: effects on behaviour, immune function and cortisol concentration.&nbsp;Lab Anim Sci. 1997;47(5):500&ndash;510</li>
</ol>

The pureANIMAL Collective podcast shares cutting edge science, clinical wisdom, and inspiration on integrative veterinary medicine. Each month, we interview our team of experts in the fields of orthopaedics, dermatology, internal medicine, and integrative medicine. Our mission is to create a world where integrative veterinary medicine is accessible to all, to empower and inspire other veterinary professionals and pet parents alike, and to ultimately improve the health and wellbeing of pets. Host Dr Sarah Howard is a veterinarian and lifelong student of natural health. 

The pureANIMAL Collective podcast shares cutting edge science, clinical wisdom, and inspiration on integrative veterinary medicine. Each month, we interview our team of experts in the fields of orthopaedics, dermatology, internal medicine, and integrative medicine. Our mission is to create a world where integrative veterinary medicine is accessible to all, to empower and inspire other veterinary professionals and pet parents alike, and to ultimately improve the health and wellbeing of pets. Host Dr Sarah Howard is a veterinarian and lifelong student of natural health.

The Pure Animal Podcast aims to enlighten listeners about an integrative approach to veterinary medicine. Each month, we interview practitioners at the forefront of this field who share their insight and experience with the ultimate goal of benefiting the well-being and health of animals.

pureANIMAL Collective

In this episode Dr Sarah Howard discusses healthy ageing in dogs with Dr Matthew Muir.

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