Mozambique has emerged as a significant hub in the global heroin trade, with estimates suggesting that up to 40 tonnes of heroin transit through the country annually. This illicit trade is a major economic contributor, generating approximately $100 million per year, much of which is believed to be funneled into the coffers of the ruling FRELIMO party. The trade has been largely managed by a few influential local trading families, operating with the tacit approval or active involvement of senior FRELIMO officials .  Mbuyiseni Ndlozi is in conversation with journalist, social scientist and Senior Lecturer in Development Policy and Practice at the Open University, Dr Joseph Hanlon.