The Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation at Rhodes University had developed drugs that convert oxygen into a radical or activated oxygen. This activated oxygen is toxic to cancerous cells and tissue, effectively destroying them. Nanotechnology is utilized to deliver these drugs directly into cancerous cells, enabling selective destruction of the cancer while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. This process is known as photodynamic therapy, which involves a combination of a laser, a light-sensitive drug, and activated oxygen. Lerato Mbele was in conversation with Researcher at The Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation - Professor Philani Mashazi, The Cancer Association of South Africa Head of Advocacy, Zodwa Sithole and Council for Medical Schemes, Medical Advisor - Dr Keolopile Makgamathe.