Illegal mining in Africa causes significant social, environmental, and economic damage, particularly in regions rich in natural resources. The unregulated nature of these operations worsens existing challenges. We speak to Kelvin Chisanga, a Zambian Social Economist, to reflect on the Stilfontein Mines saga in South Africa. Chisanga highlights the devastating effects of illegal mining, from unsafe working conditions to environmental degradation, and discusses the broader implications for Africa’s mining sector and local communities.