As the 2026 academic year kicks off, South Africa’s Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges are once again under the spotlight. Expected to produce work-ready graduates in an economy driven by rapid technological change, these institutions face mounting pressure to adapt, innovate and deliver relevant skills. We speak to Professor Mbulungeni Madiba, Professor and Dean of Education at Stellenbosch University, on the current state, challenges and future of TVET colleges in South Africa.