The Black Sea is becoming an increasingly dangerous front in the Russia-Ukraine war, as attacks on ports, warships and commercial infrastructure threaten some of the world's most important grain and energy routes. A major Ukrainian strike on Russia's Novorossiysk port has damaged grain export facilities and added pressure on Moscow to divert cargo through alternative routes, while Türkiye is proposing a moratorium on attacks against commercial shipping. With disruption already affecting Russian wheat exports, the Black Sea is increasingly being discussed alongside Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb as another vulnerable global trade chokepoint. Could continued attacks reshape agricultural trade and global food security, and how great is the risk of the conflict spilling into the wider region?

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