Provincial areas in New Zealand are feeling the impacts as growing numbers of Kiwis jet off overseas.
Stats NZ says in the year to August, 110,000 more people moved to New Zealand than left.
Arrivals reached an all-time high of 225,000, with 115,000 migrant departures.
Infometrics Principal Economist Brad Olsen says migrants often move to the main cities- but New Zealanders are leaving from all over.
"Provincial areas across the country are seeing that young talent head off to Australia at a time when it's still not particularly easy to find workers."
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