Banks are more than just vaults for savings or gateways to loans, they’re the lifeblood of a modern economy. But how do we measure their efficiency? What role do monetary policies play in shaping performance? And how should Malaysia’s banks evolve to stay competitive, especially with the rise of digital banks and fintech?



In this episode of Enterprise Explores, we speak with Dr. Chan Sok Gee, Associate Professor at the University of Nottingham Malaysia, to unpack the economics of banking and what it means for Malaysia’s financial future. We explore:


The true economic functions of banks beyond deposits and loans


How OPR changes influence bank profitability and lending


Why banking efficiency matters and how it’s measured


Malaysia’s post-Asian Financial Crisis reforms and strengths


The risks of rising NPLs and poor internal governance


How digital banks could improve financial inclusion and SME access


The disruptive potential of AI, blockchain, and behavioral data



Whether you’re in finance, tech, or business leadership, this episode will help you better understand the shifts reshaping our banking landscape.

Banks are more than just vaults for savings or gateways to loans, they’re the lifeblood of a modern economy. But how do we measure their efficiency? What role do monetary policies play in shaping performance? And how should Malaysia’s banks evolve to stay competitive, especially with the rise of digital banks and fintech?In this episode of Enterprise Explores, we speak with Dr. Chan Sok Gee, Associate Professor at the University of Nottingham Malaysia, to unpack the economics of banking and what it means for Malaysia’s financial future. We explore:<ul><li>The true economic functions of banks beyond deposits and loans</li><li>How OPR changes influence bank profitability and lending</li><li>Why banking efficiency matters and how it’s measured</li><li>Malaysia’s post-Asian Financial Crisis reforms and strengths</li><li>The risks of rising NPLs and poor internal governance</li><li>How digital banks could improve financial inclusion and SME access</li><li>The disruptive potential of AI, blockchain, and behavioral data</li></ul>Whether you’re in finance, tech, or business leadership, this episode will help you better understand the shifts reshaping our banking landscape.

Helping you navigate the ever-changing universe of business, from headlines to the bottom line

Helping you navigate the ever-changing universe of business, from headlines to the bottom line

Enterprise Explores

The Economics of Banking: Risks, Reforms & Resilience

Is the rise of the "AI-powered super-productive team" a genuine technological shift, or a convenient PR mask for pandemic-era overhiring? As global giants like Block and Oracle slash thousands of jobs while setting aggressive profit targets of $2 million per employee, the corporate world is entering a radical "Lean AI" reset. XP Ng, CEO of the Academy of Artificial Intelligence, joins BFM to break down the mechanics of Agentic AI – a system where AI agents manage their own sub-agents to create a massive productivity multiplier. We explore the density of talent versus tech, the reality of token-economics, and whether Malaysian SMEs can truly use these tools to outproduce global competitors.



We also dive into the human in the loop necessity, the critical importance of Systems Thinking, and the risk of "hollowing out" companies by losing institutional knowledge in the rush to automate.

Is the rise of the "AI-powered super-productive team" a genuine technological shift, or a convenient PR mask for pandemic-era overhiring? As global giants like Block and Oracle slash thousands of jobs while setting aggressive profit targets of $2 million per employee, the corporate world is entering a radical "Lean AI" reset. XP Ng, CEO of the Academy of Artificial Intelligence, joins BFM to break down the mechanics of Agentic AI – a system where AI agents manage their own sub-agents to create a massive productivity multiplier. We explore the density of talent versus tech, the reality of token-economics, and whether Malaysian SMEs can truly use these tools to outproduce global competitors.We also dive into the human in the loop necessity, the critical importance of Systems Thinking, and the risk of "hollowing out" companies by losing institutional knowledge in the rush to automate.

Will AI 10X Your Workforce?

When taking on outside capital, founders often misunderstand who truly holds the power. Owning the majority of your shares doesn't guarantee control, in fact, the board of directors ultimately holds the authority to fire a founder CEO.



David Lim, Founding Partner at TSF Law, joins Enterprise Explores to unpack the hard legal realities of founder-investor relationships. He reveals how shareholder agreements actually dictate boardroom power, the hidden dangers of investor veto rights, and how asking the right questions early on can save your company from public legal battles.



Learn More About:


The Illusion of Control: Why retaining a majority shareholding does not guarantee control if investors hold a board majority, appoint key management like the CFO, or possess veto rights.


The Power of the Board: How Section 211 of the Company's Act grants the board of directors, not the shareholders, the default authority to manage the business, including the power to fire a CEO with a simple majority vote.


Reserve Matters & Forced Buyouts: How specific operational decisions requiring investor approval can slow down a company, and how breaching these reserve matters can allow investors to trigger a mandatory buyout or liquidate the company.


Critical Shareholding Thresholds: The legal importance of owning 75% for special resolutions (like changing the constitution), 51% for ordinary resolutions (like changing directors), and 10% to formally request a general meeting.


Strategic vs. Financial Investors: How financial investors prioritise exit economics and put options to protect their capital, while strategic investors focus on operational control and securing board seats.


Building Resilient Partnerships: Why the healthiest founder-investor dynamics rely on setting clear expectations upfront, establishing simple quarterly KPIs, and preventing investors from interfering in daily operations.

When taking on outside capital, founders often misunderstand who truly holds the power. Owning the majority of your shares doesn't guarantee control, in fact, the board of directors ultimately holds the authority to fire a founder CEO.David Lim, Founding Partner at TSF Law, joins Enterprise Explores to unpack the hard legal realities of founder-investor relationships. He reveals how shareholder agreements actually dictate boardroom power, the hidden dangers of investor veto rights, and how asking the right questions early on can save your company from public legal battles.Learn More About:<ul><li>The Illusion of Control: Why retaining a majority shareholding does not guarantee control if investors hold a board majority, appoint key management like the CFO, or possess veto rights.</li><li>The Power of the Board: How Section 211 of the Company's Act grants the board of directors, not the shareholders, the default authority to manage the business, including the power to fire a CEO with a simple majority vote.</li><li>Reserve Matters &amp; Forced Buyouts: How specific operational decisions requiring investor approval can slow down a company, and how breaching these reserve matters can allow investors to trigger a mandatory buyout or liquidate the company.</li><li>Critical Shareholding Thresholds: The legal importance of owning 75% for special resolutions (like changing the constitution), 51% for ordinary resolutions (like changing directors), and 10% to formally request a general meeting.</li><li>Strategic vs. Financial Investors: How financial investors prioritise exit economics and put options to protect their capital, while strategic investors focus on operational control and securing board seats.</li><li>Building Resilient Partnerships: Why the healthiest founder-investor dynamics rely on setting clear expectations upfront, establishing simple quarterly KPIs, and preventing investors from interfering in daily operations.</li></ul>

Firing Founders, Boardroom Battles & Reserve Matters

The paralysis of the Strait of Hormuz is a geopolitical iceberg threatening global manufacturing, with ripple effects crippling supply chains now and in the longer term. Prof. Shardul Phadnis, Professor of Operations and Supply Chain Management at the Asia School of Business unpacks the implications, risks and why boards must treat supply chain resilience as a capital asset.



Learn More About:




The Hormuz Shockwave: How disruptions at this critical choke point severely affect non-energy manufacturing by restricting crude oil feedstocks used for plastics, coolants, and paints.


The Ripple Effect: Why missing a single weekly ocean port call can severely disrupt asset-heavy chemical plants that schedule their production campaigns months in advance.


Rapid Exposure Analysis: The critical steps mid-tier manufacturers must take to map tier-1 supplier manufacturing locations, identify shipping vulnerabilities, and navigate shifting trade policies.


The Death of Traditional Forecasting: Why major geopolitical disruptions violate the core assumptions of probabilistic forecasting, forcing supply chains to abandon historical data for safety stock planning.


AI-Powered Scenario Planning: How AI accelerates scenario creation from several months to just one or two weeks, shifting its application from long-term strategy to 6-month tactical planning.


Valuing Resilience as an Asset: Why treating adaptability as a capital asset, much like Toyota stockpiling a six-month supply of chips after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, is logically necessary despite the tension it creates with short-term quarterly profits.

The paralysis of the Strait of Hormuz is a geopolitical iceberg threatening global manufacturing, with ripple effects crippling supply chains now and in the longer term. Prof. Shardul Phadnis, Professor of Operations and Supply Chain Management at the Asia School of Business unpacks the implications, risks and why boards must treat supply chain resilience as a capital asset.Learn More About:<ul><li>The Hormuz Shockwave: How disruptions at this critical choke point severely affect non-energy manufacturing by restricting crude oil feedstocks used for plastics, coolants, and paints.</li><li>The Ripple Effect: Why missing a single weekly ocean port call can severely disrupt asset-heavy chemical plants that schedule their production campaigns months in advance.</li><li>Rapid Exposure Analysis: The critical steps mid-tier manufacturers must take to map tier-1 supplier manufacturing locations, identify shipping vulnerabilities, and navigate shifting trade policies.</li><li>The Death of Traditional Forecasting: Why major geopolitical disruptions violate the core assumptions of probabilistic forecasting, forcing supply chains to abandon historical data for safety stock planning.</li><li>AI-Powered Scenario Planning: How AI accelerates scenario creation from several months to just one or two weeks, shifting its application from long-term strategy to 6-month tactical planning.</li><li>Valuing Resilience as an Asset: Why treating adaptability as a capital asset, much like Toyota stockpiling a six-month supply of chips after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, is logically necessary despite the tension it creates with short-term quarterly profits.</li></ul>

The Economics of Banking: Risks, Reforms & Resilience

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