Daniel and Jorge Explain the UniverseWhat is the multiverse and is it real?
Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com
See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
If you love iPhone, you'll love Apple Card. It's the credit card designed for iPhone. It gives you unlimited daily cash back that can earn four point four zero percent annual percentage yield. When you open a high Yield savings account through Apple Card, apply for Applecard in the wallet app subject to credit approval. Savings is available to Apple Card owners subject to eligibility. Apple Card and Savings by Goldman Sachs Bank USA, Salt Lake City Branch, Member FDIC terms and more at applecard dot Com. When you pop a piece of cheese into your mouth, you're probably not thinking about the environmental impact. But the people in the dairy industry are. That's why they're working hard every day to find new ways to reduce waste, conserve natural resources, and drive down greenhouse gas emissions. How is US Dairy tackling greenhouse gases? Many farms use anaerobic digesters to turn the methane from manure into renewable energy that can power farms, towns, and electric cars. Visit us dairy dot COM's Last Sustainability to learn more.
Everyone loves getting good at advice and staying in the know. There's nothing like getting a heads up on something before you've even had time to think about whether you need or want it. Well, thankfully, AT and T provides personalized recommendations and solutions so you get what's right for you. Whether right for you means a plan that's better suited for you and your family or a product that makes sense for you and your lifestyle. So relax and let AT and T provide proactive recommendations to help empower your best connected life.
Do you ever wonder what your life would have been like if you had made different choices?
You mean, like if I had tea this morning instead of coffee?
Yeah?
No, Like if six hundred people had voted differently in Florida in the year two thousand.
Well, the whole world would be different in that case. Sometimes I wonder what would have happened if I didn't go on that first day with my spouse, or you know, we went to a different restaurant or went for coffee instead of.
Dinner, Yeah I know, Or like if you had conceive your children one minute earlier or a minute later.
It's incredible thinking about all the other different lives you might have lived. But the amazing thing is that there are some physicists out there that think that those other yous they might be real. They might be out there, they might be living your other lives.
And this is not a theory or an idea. They think it might be reality.
That's right, somewhere out there, there's another podcast talking about whether you might be real.
I am Hooorhe number one thousand and seventy six, And in this universe, I am a cartoonist.
And I'm Daniel number zero, and I'm a particle physicist. I smashed particles together that large hadron collider.
Oh wow, so this time I get we get Daniel number zero like the original.
This is the prototype. Yes, so you know it might not all be functioning. There's still some bugs being worked out. This is a beta version of Daniel.
Daniel zero point zero, Daniel the Mold, And this is our podcast Daniel and Jorge explain the universe.
And this time we're not just gonna take the universe and explain it to you in a way that actually makes sense. We're gonna go bigger. We're gonna go beyond, We're gonna go multi, We're going.
Plaid beyond the universe. Bigger than the universe, that's right, Bigger than the universe. We're gonna think about the depths of infinity. What is infinity? How far can you go? How infinite is the universe? Are there other universes out there? I know this sounds like a crazy call in show you might have at three in the morning on an AM radio station, but it's a real science podcast to be on the program.
The multiverse, ultiverse, multiverse.
It's echoing through all those other universes.
Right, Oh, that's right.
Yeah. The multiverse is an amazing concept, mostly because it gets you to think about the concept of infinity. You know how if things really go on forever and you get to try everything, then anything that's possible eventually will happen.
No matter how improbable, it's probably happening in an infinite multiverse.
That's right. That's the wonderful, mind bending concept of the of the multiverse. That's what makes it such an attractive, like philosophical idea. I mean, the multiverse is really penetrated into into culture. And I know that because when I was typing multiverse into my phone, it auto corrected for multiverse like that's a word in my phone's library, which means, you know, it must be a real thing, right.
So not multiplication not you know something basic the multiverse was to go to with multi.
Yeah, it's a really smart device, like, oh, are you talking about the multiverse? Yeah, yeah, let's complete the multiverse. My phone is totally ready for this podcast.
I know all about the multiverse. The machines know.
That's right. So in today's episode, we thought we would take the concept of the multiverse and break it down for you. Explain to you what is it, Why is it a real thing? Why do scientist talk about it? And are they actually crazy?
Is it even possible that there is more than one universe out there?
That's right? Does not even make sense?
And as usual, Daniel went out and asked people on the street if they knew what the multiverse was.
Before you hear them, think to yourself, what is your idea of the multiverse? How would you answer this question?
Here's what people had to say.
Do you know what the multiverse is? Not? Really? Have you heard of the multiverse?
No?
I haven't you heard of the multiverse?
No?
No?
No?
Wow. My impression from having been around this kind of science for a few years is that it's a bit fantastical and it does not seem likely to be the truth.
I think of it as like clus series of like our universes are like all kind of connect to each other, bar separate. That's from comic books, isn't it okay? So most of the people didn't seem to know what the multiverse was, which was surprising to me as a comics fan who was very familiar with the DC Universe, multiverse and the Marvel multiverse.
That was my favorite answer, the one person who said, isn't that a thing from comic books? I love that answer. I love that answer, and I should reveal a secret way, which is one of these answers was from my wife. Oh, I will not tell you which one. I will not tell you which one, and for the purpose of continuing her anonymity, but one of those.
Is her answers interesting? You mean the one with the beautiful voice, right.
The one where she's like, this is a ridiculous question, and I can't believe you're interviewing me for your podcast. So many better things to do.
I'm trying to make dinner here now.
I make dinner. Excuse me, No, no, I make dinner. I interviewed her while I was making dinner. Oh right, anyway, But a lot of people. Yeah, do they just haven't even heard of it, right, Like, yeah, some people haven't heard it at all.
Yeah, it's in because and this is one of these words that you would think sort of explain itself just with the word multiverse, like a multiple universe, and nobody sort of even try to guess.
I don't know. I don't think that explains itself. I mean, if you ask me the question what is on multiverse? I might say it's a poem with multiple stanzas, you know, like multiverse. I wouldn't necessarily think crazy physics theory that spans the depths of infinity or comic book and concepts. And you know, I have a quibble with the word, you know, like if universe is supposed to mean everything, then how can there by definition be a multiverse, right, Like you can't have multiple everything's.
It's like a universe, that's right.
If I say give me all your money, and you give me all your money and then and then you still have money, then you haven't really given me all your money, right. I want to I want to rob the multi base?
What is the multiverse?
The multiverse is a concept in physics which tries to grapple with infinity, and it grapples with infinity in multiple different ways. So there's the multiverse, but it's actually multiple different multiverse theories, right, But they all share one thing in common, which is that they're trying to explain when there's an arbitrariness. They're trying to grapple with the fact that our universe seems random, like it's this way and not that other way. The way they explain that is by suggesting maybe every way is explored by the multiverse, and we just happen to live in this one, right. And so when you find something in the universe which seems like it could have been different, and you'll wonder why is it this and not something else, the multiverse is there to coddle you and say, well, maybe everything is explored somewhere, and there's no reason for it to be this and not the other. It's just random.
Right. So that's kind of the reason why physicists considerate. But as a concept, what does it mean. It means multiple universes, right, that's it's a contraction of multiple universes.
Yeah, it means multiple universes. But then again, different physicists mean different things by that. And so there's a guy named Max Tegmark. He's a really smart guy. I read his book. It's called Our Mathematically Universe, and it's a fascinating book. It's like six hundred pages. It's well, it's well written. But in it he has a really nice categorization of the different kinds of multiverses. So I thought we'd follow that.
Okay, so wait, there's like multi multiverses.
That's right, multi multi multiverse.
The uni multi multi universe.
That's right, exactly. They all have the same agent actually, so you can just pay them all directly.
Okay, So there's you're saying, there's a way to classify the different versions of the idea of the multiverse.
Yeah, that's right.
I feel like we're like three layers into the inception.
Here, be prepared for more levels.
I mean, talk about what it like, what is one what is one version of the multiverse. It's like the idea that there are multiple versions of like like our universe is just one version of the universe and there might be other versions of the universe out there. Right, that's the kind of basic idea, right.
That's the whole overall arching framework. But what the multi means depends on what you mean by the uni. Right. So for example, so let's get concrete, right, all right, some people think about the observable universe, it's our universe. That's just everything we can see.
Right.
Remember, you can't see the whole universe because light doesn't travel infinitely fast. It travels at the speed of light, and so you can only see as far as light has had time to travel in the history of the universe.
Right, it's all everything we can see, because there might be stuff that we can't see in the universe.
Exactly, there's other stuff out there. Now. Some people think, oh, the multiverse is all these different bubbles. There's like my observable universe, and then somewhere super far away, maybe there's another me, and that other me has an observable universe that's centered around them, Okay, And so from that concept, the multiverse is probing the fact that the universe seems to have started randomly, like why do we have the Milky Way, and why does the Milky Way look the way it does and not like another galaxy? You can trace that all the way back to like the initial conditions of the universe. The arrangement of molecules in the very very early universe, which inevitably led to the Milky Way. What if that arrangement had been a tiny bit different, right, You've had coffee instead of tea, you had taken that break differently, or whatever, some tiny thing had been different than the Milky Way would look different. So that simplest multiverse is just a way of saying every possible initial condition for the universe started somewhere else, and so all those other possibilities might be out there. There's a version of Jorge, you know, with the blonde hair, and there's a version of the of the Earth where there's big flying blue dragons streaking through the sky all the time. Right.
But you're sort of assuming that the space we're in our universe goes on forever infinity. Yes, And you're saying that a version of the multiverse is one in which if you just keep going in one direction, at some point things will start to kind of repeat itself, but maybe not quite the same way, that's.
Right, because they start from different initial conditions.
Right, Okay, but there's still the same universe.
Yeah, it's the same space, right.
Okay, So that's one idea.
So it's the same space and the same laws of physics. But remember, what is the concept that that answers? What? What? What problem in physics? Does that address the problem in physics and addresses is the fact that, you know, we don't know why we have this set of initial conditions and not some other. Right, why are the particles that started off this observable universe arranged in that way and not another? And this is just the way of saying it doesn't matter because every possibility is tried, so we don't have to answer that question anymore.
But why do physicists have so much trouble with this concept? Like why couldn't we just be a random role of to die? And that's just the way it is. Why does it need whether is it? Why does there need to be every possible role of to die?
Are you you're basically asking me why do physicists look for answers? Right? I mean that's what job. You know, you look at the universe and say why is it this and not that? Is there meaning to it? Or is it random? Right? Because if there's meaning to it, then you can get some insight. You could have just said, hey, look, there's a one hundred elements in the periodic table and that's all there is, and why that hundred elements?
I don't know.
It's just random, right, Well, I mean no, I mean in the sense that it could be. It's like I have five dollars in my pocket, and you know, I could spend time thinking about why I have five dollars, or I could spend an infinite amount of time thinking about why I don't have six dollars, seven dollars, eight dollars, ten dollars. Do you know what I mean? Like, why can't I just be happy that with the fact that I have five dollars?
Well, I think you hit the nail ahead. Physicists are never happening. That's the problem, and they don't have anything due to our deep seated depression that we need to answer this question. No, we want to know why, and the answer it's just a random choice is not satisfied.
Okay, but this seems to be like the most vanilla version of the multiverse. You're just saying that the multiverse. One version of the multiverse is just that it's so big and there's sort of different neighborhoo where different things could have happened.
That's right, So that's the most vanilla. So now let's go to chocolate chip. Let's get to the slightly more interesting multiverse.
It's adds in flavor.
What if in other parts of space, deep deep, deep, far away, maybe it wasn't just the initial conditions of where the how the particles were arranged, but maybe the constants of the laws of physics themselves are different. Like what if the mass of an electron is different a bajillion light years away, or the strength of gravity is different bijillion light years away.
Because there's nothing that says that's not possible.
There's nothing that says that's not possible. Because these numbers, we have no reason to explain what the mass of the electron is, we have no reason to explain why gravity has the strength it does. And so you think, well, maybe they're just random. So that's a way to answer. You say, well, oh, it's just a random number. And every possibility is tried eventually, and we're just in the one that happens to be this one.
We're just in the neighborhood where the electron weighs, you know, point six ev exactly.
And there's two varieties of this one, right, there's either the laws of physics are different somewhere else in our very very large universe, or you have like different spaces, so like these universes are not connected, Like there's the space of our universe, and somehow there's another universe with a different set of laws of physics because the masses of the electron are different and the strength of gravity is different, and those spaces don't necessarily have to be connected.
What do you mean, like you can't travel in a straight line from one area to the other one because something would stop you.
Yeah, that one makes a little bit more sense, because it's weird to have different masses of the electrons in the same space. I mean, I guess it's possible, right, but it's seems somehow more comforting if those other universes with different laws of physics were somehow disconnected from ours.
Okay, but what would stop you from going to that other universe?
Well, if it's not connected to ours, you just can't get there, you know.
I Mean.
We had a whole podcast about like the shape of space, right, and we talked about how could be infinite or it could be closed. It could be that you could travel forever and come back to where you started et cetera.
It's like close pockets of space.
Yeah, it could also be disconnected, right, you could have two separate pockets of space that you just can't travel from one to the other, like bubbles of space. Right. And then if you have two, you could have three, you could have four, you could have a jillion. Right, why not? It's on sale. Take as many as your life.
Okay, so let's get into the other types of multiverses. But first let's take a quick break.
With big wireless providers, what you see is never what you get. Somewhere between the store and your first month's bill, the price you thought you were paying magically skyrockets. With mint Mobile, You'll never have to worry about gotcha's ever again. When mint Mobile says fifteen dollars a month for a three month plan, they really mean it. I've used mint Mobile and the call quality is always so crisp and so clear. I can recommend it to you. So say bye bye to your overpriced wireless plans, jaw dropping monthly bills and unexpected overages. You can use your own phone with any mint Mobile plan and bring your phone number along with your existing contacts, So dig your overpriced wireless with mint mobiles deal and get three months a premium wireless service for fifteen bucks a month. To get this new customer offer and your new three month premium wireless plan for just fifteen bucks a month, go to mintmobile dot com slash universe. That's mintmobile dot com slash universe. Cut your wireless bill to fifteen bucks a month. At mintmobile dot com slash universe. Forty five dollars upfront payment required equivalent to fifteen dollars per month new customers on first three month plan only speeds slower about forty gigabytes On unlimited plan. Additional taxi, s, fees, and restrictions apply. See mint mobile for details.
AI might be the most important new computer technology ever. It's storming every industry and literally billions of dollars are being invested, so buckle up. The problem is that AI needs a lot of speed and processing power. So how do you compete without cost spiraling out of control. It's time to upgrade to the next generation of the cloud. Oracle Cloud Infrastructure or OCI. OCI is a single platform for your infrastructure, database, application development, and AI needs. OCI has four to eight times the bandwidth of other clouds, offers one consistent price instead of variable regional pricing. And of course, nobody does data better than Oracle, So now you can train your AI models at twice the speed and less than half the cost of other clouds. If you want to do more and spend less, like Uber eight by eight and Data Bricks Mosaic, take a free test drive of oci at Oracle dot com slash strategic. That's Oracle dot com slash Strategic Oracle dot com slash Strategic.
If you love iPhone, you'll love Apple Card. It's the credit card designed for iPhone. It gives you unlimited daily cash back that can earn four point four zero percent annual percentage yield. When you open a high yield savings account through Applecard. Apply for Applecard in the wallet app, subject to credit approval. Savings is available to Applecard owners subject to eligibility. Apple Card and Savings by Goldman Sachs Bank USA Salt Lake City Branch Member fd I. See terms and more at applecar dot com.
Okay, so we're in the Chocolate Chip Flavor multiverse one where we're literally the universes are like chocolate chips, you know, like that You're like little chocolate chip sprinkled in the ice cream of infinity.
Yeah, exactly, and each each one could be infinite, right, and then you just you can think of them as like layers in a pastry, or you can think of them as as chocolate chips or something. Or you could think maybe Daniel should have eaten something before he did this podcast, or because all of his analogies seem to be about food. But yeah, that's the general idea, okay, that there could be other universes with different constants of the laws of physics, which would have, you know, a big impact, because if the electron weigh a different amount, everything would be different, if neutrons had different if the force of gravity or the force of the strong force was different, the place where everything would look.
Oh, I see, because these all these numbers, you know, these constants in the laws of physics, they seem to be random. It's kind of what you're saying, right.
Well, they we don't have explanations for them. That's not the same as their random, right. One explanation for not knowing why the numbers are they are what they are is, oh, they're random, but there is no explanation, and so we can just sort of put the question aside, and.
I see it's possible that the electron weighs as much because of some mathematical fundamental, you know, construction of the universe.
Yeah, exactly. Like say, for example, I lose two hundred bucks and the very same day you tell me, hey, look I found two hundred bucks. Well that could be random, right, or there could be a simpler explanation, like you owe me two hundred bucks, right, yeah, right, you don't sound persuaded.
I know I'm saying this is all hypothetical.
And.
Yeah exactly, so you know they actually three hundred bucks. Yeah, okay, I'll wait for the check. I want to pay an ice cream please. The goal of physics, remember, is to explain these things. It's not just to say, well, that's kind of a mystery head scratch, maybe it's random, right, It's to say, what could explain it? Is there a deeper theory of physics that doesn't have these arbitrary numbers in it, right, that can explain why the electron is the way it is, that exists the way it is. That would be a better theory of physics.
Like just saying it's random, it's just not satisfactory to a physicist.
That's right to me. It's not satisfactory at all. It's like saying, stop asking questions.
Okay. So then you have to posit the idea that maybe it's not random. And if it's not random, one possible explanation is that they all exist.
You have to posit that is random and then right, and that every possibility is tried somewhere, and that this ours was just chosen randomly. Oh I see, okay, all right, yeah, all right, all right, so let's go past chocolate chip.
Okay, what's another flavor of multiverse?
This is I would think say this is like the rainbow Sherbert the multiverse favors multiverse. No, there's only four. This one is the quantum mechanics multiverse. This one says, you know what happens when a particle has to make a random choice. Right, the Shortener's cat is either dead or alive, and it's random. Right, A particle goes to the left split or the right slit. It's random. It's very uncomfortable for there to be no reason why it chooses one and not the other. So this is version of quantum mechanics called the multi world's hypothesis multi World's interpretation, where both happen, the universe splits and both things happen, the particle goes into the left slit and the right slit. Shortener's cat is dead in one universe and alive in the other one. So every quantum interaction generates another universe where the other random thing has happened.
So every choice of every electron and quantum particle in all of existence, every time it makes a decision, generates a whole new universe.
Yeah, it's not a tiny theory, right, I mean we judge these theories based on like how simple are they? How compactly can you explain everything? And this theory generates a whole entire universe for every particle interaction ever, right, And that's a lot of universes, So it's not a whole lot of simplicity.
Is the idea that they like these things get generated or is it just that everything, every possibility exists at the same time, do you know what I mean? Like, is it kind of like it actually pops into existing?
Is it into the past as well as the theatre? Yeah, I think they are created in that moment.
They only start from when the choice happened.
Yeah, because they split, right, So the number of universes is growing.
Oh, and we all just exist at the same time, like in the same spot in the universe in reality, do you know what I mean? Like are we on top of each other?
That's not a well defined question, right, We're not in the same space because you know, our past is different from the other universe's past, right in our in our past, the cat is dead, or in their pass the cat is alive, and so we can't interact with them at all. They would be like in a different space. I mean, there's be a universe be just as valid. It'd be ice cream and pretzels and all sorts of stuff in that universe as well, although it would just be slightly different, and we can't travel from one to the other. They're like causally disconnected, right because they have a different past history, right, So you can't get from one of the others. So where is that one? That question requires you to like put both of them in some space and then answer the question of how to get from one to the other. But they're just different, you know. They're like it's like asking how close is the page in this book to that page and that other book? In China, you know, like they're in different books, you know, right, okay, yeah, so that's the quantum mechanical one, and that's sort of mind blowing. And before people think, oh, that's ridiculous, remember that there is no satisfactory answer to the question in quantum mechanics of how that randomness is chosen.
Why do electron turn left and not right?
Yes? Exactly? Why left and not right? Yeah? And so that randomness is for us, right, and you'd like to have an answer, and the answer we have from quantum mechanics to the Copenhagen interpretation. The alternative to the multi worlds says that it makes a choice. The universe throws a dice, right, Like that's kind of crazy. Also, you know, like where is this dice? Who's in charge of throwing it? How does it work? You know, is it really random?
Why not strange? I find it natural, doesn't you know? Like the universe just made the decision, and that's what it is.
You like to live in a very decisive universe.
It's just like move forwards, yeah, you know. Okay, So that's the quantum mechanics multi world version of a multiverse.
Yeah exactly.
And so you're saying there's a fourth type, right.
And so we're getting crazier and crazier. Yeah, that was the rainbow, Subert. So now where it's like, I don't know, this is the version of the multi verse where you like empty the freezer and mix everything together in a blender. Okay, rainbow rainbow Srbert Pistachio, I put in some liquorice in there. This is the idea that every possible theory of physics has its own universe, right. And to think about this you have to think about the relationship between physics and math. Right, So we use math to describe what's happening in the physical universe, right, But sometimes you can come up with a theory that doesn't reflect what's actually happening. Right, And this happens all the time. Theorists physicists come up with ideas like, oh, maybe the universe works this way. I have a beautiful mathematical theory which could describe a universe. But then they go and they check it in, No, doesn't describe our universe.
Like I could say F equals three M, yeah, and that would be a theory of a universe, but it wouldn't describe what's happening around me.
Yeah, exactly. I mean, not that specific example, but that's the general idea construct a different set of physical laws that are self consistent. Right. They have to be self consistent, non contradictory, and have all the right mathematical properties. There are more theories of physics than just the one that describes universe. Right, So Max Tegmark, he thinks that the universe is mathematical, right, that because the universe can be represented by a mathematical construct, which is, you know, laws of physics. That means that it is those laws of physics, which means that if there are other laws of physics that you could put together, they also have their own real universes out there, and somewhere out there there is a universe following F equals three m A or whatever. The other laws of physics are.
Ah, not just the constant in our formulation of the laws of physics, but just like a whole different equation.
Yeah, I mean, imagine far in the future we've answered all the questions about the constants. We know why the electron has a mass, it is why the Higgs is where the gravity all this stuff. We still have the laws themselves. We have to wonder, like why these laws? Why does the universe follow these laws and not these other very reasonable set of laws that my math professor over there put together and could work for his own universe, right, Really, why these are not some other?
So?
Like what are some things that could change mathically? Do you know what I mean? Like F doesn't equal?
I mean, is that the only physics equation?
You know?
He you keep going back to that one. I'm going to challenge you give me another physics equation.
I mean, I could say things like the Lagrangian and potential energy, but you know, I'm not sure a lot of people understand that.
No, that's exactly right, Like there are i mean, even the whole concept of how energy works. Right, Like we talked to another podcast about the theory of everything, How everything we're discovering is just the consequence of the universe at its lowest level. You know, is the universe at its lowest level strings and they have some interaction and everything follows from that. Or are they tiny quantum loops or are they point particles in the way they interact? Right, Everything that that they that makes the universe universy comes from its basic structure, and so you could ask like, could its basic structure be different? Could those rules of interaction be different?
Right?
Yeah, and you can you can start from a totally different point and say I'm going to build a universe out of tiny puppies, right, and they interact in this way, and then you can get a universe. Right, Like, build a universe. What would it look like? Maybe it wouldn't be very interesting, Maybe it wouldn't have this rich, complex structure that we have right, right, but it's a valid universe. You could have a universe with nothing in it, a completely empty universe. Right there, you go, nothing in it, no interactions, Boom, there's a lot of there's a theory of physics.
That might be out there, right, that's the idea.
That's the idea that if there's a consistent set of laws, then it exists. Right. That would be like the you know, the all black chocolate, that deep chocolate is nothing in it.
Okay, So let me see if I can break this down. There's four kinds of multiverses. The first kind of multiverse is one of where it's just so big that you can live in different neighborhoods of it. That's right, and which might be different versions of each other, just because space is infinite and you're at some point going to repeat this universe, but maybe slightly different within our own still sort of universe space exactly.
And those different neighborhoods are all different because they started slightly differently in the very beginning, and that's the randomness that that first vanilla the multiverses is exploring, Okay, very beginning of how the particles were put together.
Okay, version number two, the chocolate chip is ways out the chocolate chip. Yeah, the chocolate chip is that maybe there are other pockets in our universe where the constant of our the loss of physics, are different. And then there's a version, the quantum mechanics version, where that says every time you open the box and the cat dies, that generates a whole universe. And there's one where the loss of physics itself, the math changes from universe to universe, that's right.
Yeah, And for comic book fans, we can have a level five, which is Marvel Universe versus DC Universe versus independent Upstart comic universe.
Yeah, but then you had infinite crisis on infinite Earth and that all collapse and then you have to reboot fifty two a few years ago, and there's a version of the universe where the DC movies are actually good.
But you know therese are Oh I like the DC movies. No, yes, they are good. I am pro d c oh Man.
You you are the anti Danieler.
That's right, We're gonna have a DC versus Marvel throwdown.
On that note, let's take a quick break.
When you pop a piece of cheese into your mouth or enjoy a rich spoonful of Greek yogurt, you're probably not thinking about the environmental impact of each and every bite. But the people in the dairy industry are. US Dairy has set themselves some ambitious sustainability goals, including being greenhouse gas neutral by twenty to fifty That's why they're working hard every day to find new ways to reduce waste, conserve natural resources, and drive down greenhouse gas emissions. Take water, for example, most dairy farms reuse water up to four times the same water cools the milk, cleans equipment, washes the barn, and irrigates the crops. How is US dairy tackling greenhouse gases? Many farms use anaerobic digestors that turn the methane from maneure into renewable energy that can power farms, towns, and electric cars. So the next time you grab a slice of pizza or lick an ice cream cone, know that dairy farmers and processors around the country are using the latest practices and innovations to provide the nutrient dense dairy products we love with less of an impact. Visit us dairy dot com slash sustainability to learn more.
There are children, friends, and families walking, riding on passing the roads every day. Remember they're real people with loved ones who need them to get home safely. Protect our cyclists and pedestrians because they're people too.
Go safely.
California from the California Office of Traffic Safety and Caltrans.
Want the secret to your best skin yet. I've been getting a ton of compliments on my skin lately, and the secret Biosance, this award winning skincare brand known for its science backed formulas, has been a game changer for me. The best my skin has ever looked is right after I started using these two holy grails, the Biosance Omega Repair moisturizing cream and Marine Algai cream. These are just my personal faves. They're clinically proven products that deliver real results. Clinical trials have shown that one percent of omega repair moisturizing cream users sawn increase in skin hydration after five minutes. And if you're concerned about fine lines like me, the Marine Algai cream users sawn ninety seven percent improvement in the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles after one use. Are you ready for your best skin ever? Head tobiosns dot com and discover your next skincare obsession. And by the way, use code pod that's pod at checkout to score an exclusive surprise gift with any order that's code pod at checkout.
So those are That's kind of the breakdown of all the different kinds of multiverses. But at the course, the same idea is that there are different versions of our universe out there in existence.
That's right.
My big question is how are we ever going to know if these other universes exist? Like, is it even possible to verify that they're there, that they exist, and could we get there? Ever?
The short answer is probably not right, And the long answer is it depends on the flavor of multiverse. We're talking about the simplest one. We were talking about, you know, things that are just sort of far away. Then yeah, you just wait long enough, and eventually the light from there will reach us, and we will see that other version of you that married that other person and you know, didn't have kids and gets to spend their money on cool bicycles and cars and all sorts of stuff. And you can answer the question, what I've been happier.
Oh, you could zip through the universe. You would eventually find another Earth.
Yeah, if the universe really is infinite and the initial conditions are random, then everything that's possible will happen, and you just have to go far enough away. Max Techbar tried to calculate, like how far is that away from us? Is that other you? You got some ridiculous numbers like ten to the ten to the one hundred, so like, I mean, that's a number that's bigger than I can even imagine. Remember it's ten to the eighty is the number of particles in the universe, So ten to the ten to the one one hundred is like a good jigabilion. But in principle, that person is out there.
It's out there, it's just separated by distance from us.
Yeah, so that's one possible multiverse that you could actually test, but it would take forever and so it's not really satisfying. The other flavors are mostly different spaces, you know, like the ones where the laws of physics are different or quantum mechanics has made a different choice. Those universes we can't ever visit, We can't interact with them. Almost by construction, there's no way to interact with them. And so if you can't interact with them, you can't like send a probe or get data from them. You know, then there's no way to ever prove that they exist. You know, there's no way to ever say here, we can visit them, or we can we can demonstrate conclusively that it's real and not just an idea.
Like we can't ever touch it, touch of those other universes or get there. But you're saying that you were telling me the to day that we might be able to prove mathematically that they exist.
Yeah. There's a nice argument by several people, including Shot Carol, that says that what if you had a theory of physics which require the multiverse, right, what if the only theory of physics we could come up with here require there to be other universes, and the hard work there is figuring that out.
Meaning in theory, you could know that there is a multiverse and that other multiverses exist, but you could still not be able to touch and re visit them.
Yeah, exactly, it's hard to come up with a theory that absolutely requires the existence of the multiverse. The unique solution to the theory is that the multiverse exists. So in principle, I think Sean is right, it's possible, but I think it's very difficult to construct that kind of theory to prove the multiverse exists.
So so it kind of seems like it's kind of a if we can't ever go to these other universes or visit them, it's almost like it's pretty much just the U universe, you know, like that's right, the one we have is pretty much it for us. It's pretty much the only one we have, right for all.
Practice vises, and I think that's where we should focus. And the reason I'm down on the multiverse is that I feel like a little bit it's it's giving up, you know, it's saying, Okay, we don't know what the massive electron is. But maybe there is no answer, Maybe the electron is different here and somewhere else, and so let's just stop asking. And I never want to stop asking, right, I always want to say, maybe there's another theory that explains it. Maybe there's a way to unravel this mystery. So the multiverse and the anthropic principle, it's a way of sort of shrugging and saying, oh no, and that's not very science.
Do you want to keep it? Taking that whole look for that one sort of unifying theory that explains.
Yeah, exact universe. So far, we've been making progress so far, we've figured things out. So far, when things have seemed inexplicable, we'd rerealized why they had to be that way, and it turned out there could have been no other way because we understood something in a level deeper which explained it. So I think the multiverse and we're going to look back on it one hundred years and laugh, you know, and we'll say, oh, those guys had no idea what was going on. Everything they thought was random was determined by laws of physics they just had discovered yet.
Yeah, but I think you're right. I think The lesson is to really focus on the one universe we have.
You know, this is the only one I've got, so I'm going to spend my time trying to figure it out.
So make your choices carefully.
That's right. That's right, because you only have one go around so far until physics finds the multiverse.
All right, thank you for joining us. I hope you enjoyed that, or I hope there's a version of the universe where you.
Enjoyed that and I understood it as well.
See you next time.
Thanks for listening. If you still have a question after listening to all these explanations, please drop us a line. We'd love to hear from you. You can find us at Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at Daniel and Jorge that's one word, or email us at Feedback at Danielandjorge dot com. When you pop a piece of cheese into your mouth, you're probably not thinking about the environmental impact, but the people in the dairy industry are. That's why they're working hard every day to find new ways to reduce waste, conserve natural resources, and drive down greenhouse gas emissions. House US dairy tackling greenhouse gases, many farms use anaerobic digestors to turn the methane from manure into renewable energy that can power farms, towns, and electric cars. Visit you as Dairy dot COM's Last Sustainability to learn more.
This is Malcolm Gladwell from Revisionist History. eBay Motors is here for the ride. With simelbow grease, fresh installs, and a whole lot of love, you transformed one hundred thousand miles and a body full of rust into a drive that's all your own, break kits, led headlights, whatever you need, eBay Motors has it and with eBay Guaranteed Fit, it's guaranteed to fit your ride the first time, every time, or your money back. Plus. At these prices, you're burning rubber, not cash. Keep your rider die alive at ebaymotors dot Com. Eligible items only, exclusions apply.
As a United Explorer Card member, you can earn fifty thousand bonus miles plus look forward to extraordinary travel rewards, including a free checked bag, two times the miles on United purchases and two times the miles on dining and at hotels. Become an Explorer and seek out unforgettable places while enjoying rewards Everywhere You Travel cards issued by JP morgan Chase Bank NA member FDIC, subject to credit approval offer subject to change. Terms apply
