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Hey, Daniel, if you could pick one physics puzzle for it to be solved, which one would it be?

Hey, Daniel, if you could pick one physics puzzle for it to be solved, which one would it be?

Oh?

Oh?

My gosh, off the top of my head.

My gosh, off the top of my head.

Yeah, I mean, like, if a physics genie suddenly pops up in front of you and offers you to answer one question about the universe, what would it be? Oh?

Yeah, I mean, like, if a physics genie suddenly pops up in front of you and offers you to answer one question about the universe, what would it be? Oh?

Wow? I should have been prepared for.

Wow? I should have been prepared for.

This, baby, should think about it.

This, baby, should think about it.

In case like this actually happens to me, Like there are physics genies.

In case like this actually happens to me, Like there are physics genies.

Yeah, maybe maybe I maybe I'm a genie, Daniel, or maybe you meet aliens, or maybe I am an Adian. You never know.

Yeah, maybe maybe I maybe I'm a genie, Daniel, or maybe you meet aliens, or maybe I am an Adian. You never know.

Maybe I'll ask the physics genie about whether there are aliens.

Maybe I'll ask the physics genie about whether there are aliens.

Hi. I am Horriy. I'm a cartoonist and the creator of PhD comics.

Hi. I am Horriy. I'm a cartoonist and the creator of PhD comics.

Hi, I'm Daniel Whitson. I'm a particle of physicist, but I wish I was a physics genie.

Hi, I'm Daniel Whitson. I'm a particle of physicist, but I wish I was a physics genie.

And welcome to our podcast. Daniel and Horae Explain the Universe is a production of iHeartRadio, in.

And welcome to our podcast. Daniel and Horae Explain the Universe is a production of iHeartRadio, in.

Which we take trips around the universe and explain to you all the amazing facts, the hard one slowly learned things we've discovered about the universe, not through physics genies, but through hard fought science.

Which we take trips around the universe and explain to you all the amazing facts, the hard one slowly learned things we've discovered about the universe, not through physics genies, but through hard fought science.

Is that something that physicists really wish they could have, like a physics genie who could just answer all your questions snap of a finger or the rub of a laptop.

Is that something that physicists really wish they could have, like a physics genie who could just answer all your questions snap of a finger or the rub of a laptop.

I do sometimes fantasize about that because I feel like the answers are out there, Like, you know, there is a truth about the universe, all the questions we have, but the universe have answers, and those answers and principle can be discovered, which means they're just sort of out there. And some days I just want to fast forward to figure it all out, and like, what are the answers to these questions? Just tell me, tell me, tell me. And so I wish there was a like a shortcut, you know, to getting secrets in the universe.

I do sometimes fantasize about that because I feel like the answers are out there, Like, you know, there is a truth about the universe, all the questions we have, but the universe have answers, and those answers and principle can be discovered, which means they're just sort of out there. And some days I just want to fast forward to figure it all out, and like, what are the answers to these questions? Just tell me, tell me, tell me. And so I wish there was a like a shortcut, you know, to getting secrets in the universe.

You're right, it's all right there. In fact, it's like it's on our fingertips, right.

You're right, it's all right there. In fact, it's like it's on our fingertips, right.

It's like literally around us. You know, questions that ancient humans had about the universe. We have discovered answers to those questions literally by looking at the invisible radiation that surrounds us. And so it might be that answers to questions we have are literally surrounding us in ways we can't yet understand.

It's like literally around us. You know, questions that ancient humans had about the universe. We have discovered answers to those questions literally by looking at the invisible radiation that surrounds us. And so it might be that answers to questions we have are literally surrounding us in ways we can't yet understand.

Yeah, they're right there waiting for us to discover them, to see them, to hear them. They're all just sitting there, yep.

Yeah, they're right there waiting for us to discover them, to see them, to hear them. They're all just sitting there, yep.

And those people will look back at us and think, ha ha, how silly they were.

And those people will look back at us and think, ha ha, how silly they were.

They didn't it was writing just right on their fingertips. They just have to look at their finger and there was the answer to the universe.

They didn't it was writing just right on their fingertips. They just have to look at their finger and there was the answer to the universe.

Or sometimes I imagine instead of just like jumping instantaneously to the answer, which is cheating, I imagine like what if I went five hundred years in the future and learned all that physics, how quickly could I rediscover that now? Like, what is the shortest number of experiments you need to do to discover the answers today? Because that's actually possible physics. Genie's aside, if you knew exactly how to build these experiments you could learn the secrets of the universe.

Or sometimes I imagine instead of just like jumping instantaneously to the answer, which is cheating, I imagine like what if I went five hundred years in the future and learned all that physics, how quickly could I rediscover that now? Like, what is the shortest number of experiments you need to do to discover the answers today? Because that's actually possible physics. Genie's aside, if you knew exactly how to build these experiments you could learn the secrets of the universe.

Yeah, so in this podcast we talk a lot about all of the amazing things we can find out about the universe through physics, but we also sort of talk about all the ways that physics can kill us.

Yeah, so in this podcast we talk a lot about all of the amazing things we can find out about the universe through physics, but we also sort of talk about all the ways that physics can kill us.

And we don't want to give you the impression that physics is a dangerous activity. Most people who went to physics survived just fine.

And we don't want to give you the impression that physics is a dangerous activity. Most people who went to physics survived just fine.

Yeah, look at Daniel.

Yeah, look at Daniel.

I'm not sure which lesson you should draw from my experience, but it's sort of fun to think also about the positive side physics. The physics doesn't just potentially squeeze you and burn you up on re entry. It also potentially delivers secrets of the universe. That's a real thing.

I'm not sure which lesson you should draw from my experience, but it's sort of fun to think also about the positive side physics. The physics doesn't just potentially squeeze you and burn you up on re entry. It also potentially delivers secrets of the universe. That's a real thing.

Yeah, physics can be a real adventure and a journey of discovery as well.

Yeah, physics can be a real adventure and a journey of discovery as well.

That's right. And so on today's episode, we thought we would take a tour or some sort of potentially fun physics adventures that you might be able to take.

That's right. And so on today's episode, we thought we would take a tour or some sort of potentially fun physics adventures that you might be able to take.

And so this was a suggestion from a Twitter user who sent out this question. He or she gave us four interesting physics adventures that you could potentially go on. You know, you know, journeys into answering four basic questions that physicists have no idea about. And so today we're going to do something a little bit interesting, which is we're going to be running a poll. So Daniel a few minutes ago posted this poll on Twitter, and I think by the time that this podcast come out, you will still have the chance to participate in this poll. But in this pool, we're asking we're posing four different physics adventures or discoveries or you know, answers that you can find out there, and we're asking which of these four would you prefer to know?

And so this was a suggestion from a Twitter user who sent out this question. He or she gave us four interesting physics adventures that you could potentially go on. You know, you know, journeys into answering four basic questions that physicists have no idea about. And so today we're going to do something a little bit interesting, which is we're going to be running a poll. So Daniel a few minutes ago posted this poll on Twitter, and I think by the time that this podcast come out, you will still have the chance to participate in this poll. But in this pool, we're asking we're posing four different physics adventures or discoveries or you know, answers that you can find out there, and we're asking which of these four would you prefer to know?

And all of these are things that most physicists would be desperate to do, would scramble for an opportunity. And so one of the challenges here is like just picking one because frankly, I'd like to do them all.

And all of these are things that most physicists would be desperate to do, would scramble for an opportunity. And so one of the challenges here is like just picking one because frankly, I'd like to do them all.

You're like, I'll take answer four, five, all of the above.

You're like, I'll take answer four, five, all of the above.

That's right, I'll do them in that order. Or I'll take It's like when I see a dessert menu and I go, I'll take one of everything.

That's right, I'll do them in that order. Or I'll take It's like when I see a dessert menu and I go, I'll take one of everything.

Your answer is yes.

Your answer is yes.

Yes, yes, yes, yes, and double for the last one.

Yes, yes, yes, yes, and double for the last one.

And so to be on the podcast, we'll be tackling the question which of these four physics adventures would you prefer? And so we have here four interesting physics adventures. I guess is I guess there their journeys you could take on that would basically answer a basic core question about the universe that we don't know.

And so to be on the podcast, we'll be tackling the question which of these four physics adventures would you prefer? And so we have here four interesting physics adventures. I guess is I guess there their journeys you could take on that would basically answer a basic core question about the universe that we don't know.

Yeah. Each one sort of pushes you past a threshold of human knowledge or takes you somewhere humans have not yet been able to visit and hopefully reveals a deep inside into the nature of the universe and what it means to be human.

Yeah. Each one sort of pushes you past a threshold of human knowledge or takes you somewhere humans have not yet been able to visit and hopefully reveals a deep inside into the nature of the universe and what it means to be human.

Yeah. And so the four physics adventures that we are going to be discussing today are number one, visiting the quantum realm with or without Paul Rudd.

Yeah. And so the four physics adventures that we are going to be discussing today are number one, visiting the quantum realm with or without Paul Rudd.

You are PAULA Rudd in the quantum rail.

You are PAULA Rudd in the quantum rail.

Everyone is Paul Rud.

Everyone is Paul Rud.

Everybody looks good at forty five in the quantum rail.

Everybody looks good at forty five in the quantum rail.

That's number one. And so number two.

That's number one. And so number two.

Number two is seeing the inside.

Number two is seeing the inside.

Of a black hole bring a flashlight, I guess. Number three going faster than light.

Of a black hole bring a flashlight, I guess. Number three going faster than light.

Or number four visiting a planet with intelligent alien life.

Or number four visiting a planet with intelligent alien life.

And so once again, we just posted this poll on Twitter, so check it out and cast your vote. But at the end of this podcast, we are going to reveal the running totals for this poll, and I guess I should tell which tell us which one people prefer, And if you don't like the answer, I guess you should go on Twitter right now and follow us and submit your answer.

And so once again, we just posted this poll on Twitter, so check it out and cast your vote. But at the end of this podcast, we are going to reveal the running totals for this poll, and I guess I should tell which tell us which one people prefer, And if you don't like the answer, I guess you should go on Twitter right now and follow us and submit your answer.

We are crowdsourcing this question because you know, Twitter tells the truth.

We are crowdsourcing this question because you know, Twitter tells the truth.

And so, as usual, Daniel couldn't wait, and so he was curious, and so he went out into the streets and asked people on the street which of these four adventures they would rather go on?

And so, as usual, Daniel couldn't wait, and so he was curious, and so he went out into the streets and asked people on the street which of these four adventures they would rather go on?

Thanks to yourself for a moment, which of these would you prefer? And then listen to these answers?

Thanks to yourself for a moment, which of these would you prefer? And then listen to these answers?

Would you prefer to visit the quantum realm, see inside of a black hole, go faster than light, or meet intelligent aliens. Here's what people had to say. Going faster than the speed of light seems pretty cool.

Would you prefer to visit the quantum realm, see inside of a black hole, go faster than light, or meet intelligent aliens. Here's what people had to say. Going faster than the speed of light seems pretty cool.

To see inside a black hole would be pretty interesting.

To see inside a black hole would be pretty interesting.

I feel like it would be cool to see some aliens because I like to see how they would teach physics, source chemistry or whatever.

I feel like it would be cool to see some aliens because I like to see how they would teach physics, source chemistry or whatever.

If you cud faster than the speed of fact, you can travel back and forth in time.

If you cud faster than the speed of fact, you can travel back and forth in time.

As I would choose the black hole. That's the one that interests me the most, just because I feel like, I don't know much about black holes or anything like that.

As I would choose the black hole. That's the one that interests me the most, just because I feel like, I don't know much about black holes or anything like that.

Cool Either one I want to see what happens, or I want to know what happens if.

Cool Either one I want to see what happens, or I want to know what happens if.

You want to try fast the speed of light just to see what happens, yeah, or the black hole one, let's say the faster the speed of light, Yeah, just to see what happens.

You want to try fast the speed of light just to see what happens, yeah, or the black hole one, let's say the faster the speed of light, Yeah, just to see what happens.

Yeah.

Yeah.

It just seems like the craziest one.

It just seems like the craziest one.

To aliens, because that seems like the most fun.

To aliens, because that seems like the most fun.

I feel like Intertellar already tackled two, so like I'm not as interested. Three is definitely I think that would be the coolest.

I feel like Intertellar already tackled two, so like I'm not as interested. Three is definitely I think that would be the coolest.

Yeah, intelligent, Yes, what would you talk to them about?

Yeah, intelligent, Yes, what would you talk to them about?

Man, I don't even know. I'd probably just be like, can I even talk to them? That's the first thing. Can I have any kind of meaningful exchange of information? If I could even do that that he'd be crazy.

Man, I don't even know. I'd probably just be like, can I even talk to them? That's the first thing. Can I have any kind of meaningful exchange of information? If I could even do that that he'd be crazy.

I think I want to see what's inside a black hole, going to.

I think I want to see what's inside a black hole, going to.

A planet to see alien life, all right?

A planet to see alien life, all right?

Why is that? I think it.

Why is that? I think it.

Would be amazing to think that there would be other living things in the universe. It's scary to think that there are others, and it's scared to think that I.

Would be amazing to think that there would be other living things in the universe. It's scary to think that there are others, and it's scared to think that I.

Have no idea what the quantum realm even is, so I wouldn't necessarily choose that one. Intelligent life sounds pretty awesome, all though it could be also a dangerous and hostile place, but if I was guaranteed of some safety, that would be an interesting one.

Have no idea what the quantum realm even is, so I wouldn't necessarily choose that one. Intelligent life sounds pretty awesome, all though it could be also a dangerous and hostile place, but if I was guaranteed of some safety, that would be an interesting one.

All right. Not a lot of fans with the quantum Realm, not that many. They're like, we saw that movie already, there was a sequel. It wasn't that good. I don't want to go back.

All right. Not a lot of fans with the quantum Realm, not that many. They're like, we saw that movie already, there was a sequel. It wasn't that good. I don't want to go back.

And you know, they did a pretty good job in that movie. So maybe people feel like, yeah, that one sort of scratched off the list. But I think the biggest takeaway from these is that people had a hard time choosing because they all did sound attractive, and people like.

And you know, they did a pretty good job in that movie. So maybe people feel like, yeah, that one sort of scratched off the list. But I think the biggest takeaway from these is that people had a hard time choosing because they all did sound attractive, and people like.

What what you have to choose one? Just one?

What what you have to choose one? Just one?

Are you sure? And that's what?

Are you sure? And that's what?

Did I visit? The black hole going faster than light through the quantum realm with an alien next to me?

Did I visit? The black hole going faster than light through the quantum realm with an alien next to me?

That is the dream come true?

That is the dream come true?

Or did I just make you? Did I just make you palpett a little bit?

Or did I just make you? Did I just make you palpett a little bit?

That's the deep fried banana Sunday.

That's the deep fried banana Sunday.

Options with a snicker bar, Snakers bar.

Options with a snicker bar, Snakers bar.

You know, there's this story I always remember in Chicago, which will deep fry anything for a dollar, and oh really, yeah, you can.

You know, there's this story I always remember in Chicago, which will deep fry anything for a dollar, and oh really, yeah, you can.

Bring giving your rifle, they'll fry it.

Bring giving your rifle, they'll fry it.

They will. For a dollar. You can bring a Snickers bar, you can bring a pair stuffed in gorgonzola, cheese or whatever you like. One dollar, they'll fry anything, all right.

They will. For a dollar. You can bring a Snickers bar, you can bring a pair stuffed in gorgonzola, cheese or whatever you like. One dollar, they'll fry anything, all right.

So we're gonna talk about each of these four possibilities, and visiting the quantum realm is going inside of a black hole, going faster than light, or meeting intelligent aliens, and then at the end we'll reveal the running results of the Twitter pool. So number one visiting the quantum realm, Daniel, First of all, why would you want to visit the quantum realm?

So we're gonna talk about each of these four possibilities, and visiting the quantum realm is going inside of a black hole, going faster than light, or meeting intelligent aliens, and then at the end we'll reveal the running results of the Twitter pool. So number one visiting the quantum realm, Daniel, First of all, why would you want to visit the quantum realm?

Well, I think this one is attractive because quantum mechanics is so weird, and there's so many things about quantum mechanics. The way particles don't really have a path, they don't like fly through space, the way they can do things that balls and ships and planes can't do. That makes people want to like go there and see it and visualize it.

Well, I think this one is attractive because quantum mechanics is so weird, and there's so many things about quantum mechanics. The way particles don't really have a path, they don't like fly through space, the way they can do things that balls and ships and planes can't do. That makes people want to like go there and see it and visualize it.

M right, because I mean, we all live in a quantum universe, but those quantum effects don't really you can't really see them or experience them. Unless you are sort of at that size, really really small.

M right, because I mean, we all live in a quantum universe, but those quantum effects don't really you can't really see them or experience them. Unless you are sort of at that size, really really small.

Yeah, So what do we mean by the quantum realm? You know these rules about quantum mechanics, like you can't know the position of a particle and its speed at the same time, or particles can be on one side of a barrier and then all of a sudden on the other side without going through the wall. All these things apply only to the microscopic particles like electrons and photons and stuff like that. They don't apply to the things in our world, and so it feels like there's a different set of rules. So we call the quantum realm. For me, what it means is the place where those different rules apply. And that's fascinating because I'm a physicist. I want to understand how the universe works. And so if I can go visit a place where the different rules apply and stead of like get an intuition for it, that would be totally fast, because intuition is something we really lack when it comes to the quantum realm.

Yeah, So what do we mean by the quantum realm? You know these rules about quantum mechanics, like you can't know the position of a particle and its speed at the same time, or particles can be on one side of a barrier and then all of a sudden on the other side without going through the wall. All these things apply only to the microscopic particles like electrons and photons and stuff like that. They don't apply to the things in our world, and so it feels like there's a different set of rules. So we call the quantum realm. For me, what it means is the place where those different rules apply. And that's fascinating because I'm a physicist. I want to understand how the universe works. And so if I can go visit a place where the different rules apply and stead of like get an intuition for it, that would be totally fast, because intuition is something we really lack when it comes to the quantum realm.

Right, But I guess my question is what does it mean to visit the realm? Is it like you shrink down like at man and you're like seeing an electron in front of you, the size of your own size, or does it mean, like you know, existing your mind existing in that sort of same sort of quantum fuzziness where you're sort of multiple things are happening at the same time.

Right, But I guess my question is what does it mean to visit the realm? Is it like you shrink down like at man and you're like seeing an electron in front of you, the size of your own size, or does it mean, like you know, existing your mind existing in that sort of same sort of quantum fuzziness where you're sort of multiple things are happening at the same time.

Sounds like you want to go to the quantum realm and figure it out.

Sounds like you want to go to the quantum realm and figure it out.

I guess you just smoke something and I'm sure it will be a similar.

I guess you just smoke something and I'm sure it will be a similar.

That's a different realm, I think, but it's not even really clear. The question makes sense if you want to be strict about it, because how do you experience the quantum realm? How do you go down there and become part of that world? Because you are a macroscopic object, you are a big collection of ten to the thirty protons and electrons and stuff. How could your consciousness exist at that scale? What would be like to experience it? I think that's why I think the hard the question really is to get an intuition for the quantum realm, to like see its inner workings and have it. Makes sense to me that's what going to the quantum realm means. I don't know how you do that, or if it's actually possible, or if humans will ever do that ever. Outside of Marvel cinematic universe. But it certainly is appealing.

That's a different realm, I think, but it's not even really clear. The question makes sense if you want to be strict about it, because how do you experience the quantum realm? How do you go down there and become part of that world? Because you are a macroscopic object, you are a big collection of ten to the thirty protons and electrons and stuff. How could your consciousness exist at that scale? What would be like to experience it? I think that's why I think the hard the question really is to get an intuition for the quantum realm, to like see its inner workings and have it. Makes sense to me that's what going to the quantum realm means. I don't know how you do that, or if it's actually possible, or if humans will ever do that ever. Outside of Marvel cinematic universe. But it certainly is appealing.

Right so to you and me, sort of like existing in that quantum state like you, where you're in multiple realities at the same time.

Right so to you and me, sort of like existing in that quantum state like you, where you're in multiple realities at the same time.

Yeah, I'd like to live. I'd like to have an experience of being in a universe where the quantum rules apply and then large scale Yeah, well, either I'm shrunk down to the quantum realm or blow the quantum realm up to make it apply to big stuff, you know, Like I have an intuition for what happens when I throw a ball in the air. I have that intuition, not my physics knowledge, my intuition because I've done it, or I've seen what happens, and as a kid, you throw a ball into air a thousand times and you know what's going to happen. I don't have that same intuition for what happens when electrons bounce around around hydrogen atoms because I haven't seen it. I haven't experienced it. I've only calculated. So I'd love to spend time with an electron enough to like get familiar with it, so I like have a sense for what the rules are for that they make sense to me, and so.

Yeah, I'd like to live. I'd like to have an experience of being in a universe where the quantum rules apply and then large scale Yeah, well, either I'm shrunk down to the quantum realm or blow the quantum realm up to make it apply to big stuff, you know, Like I have an intuition for what happens when I throw a ball in the air. I have that intuition, not my physics knowledge, my intuition because I've done it, or I've seen what happens, and as a kid, you throw a ball into air a thousand times and you know what's going to happen. I don't have that same intuition for what happens when electrons bounce around around hydrogen atoms because I haven't seen it. I haven't experienced it. I've only calculated. So I'd love to spend time with an electron enough to like get familiar with it, so I like have a sense for what the rules are for that they make sense to me, and so.

You want to ride an electron, Like you want to be like next one and be like, hey, wait, so we're here. No, no, so we're there kind of thing.

You want to ride an electron, Like you want to be like next one and be like, hey, wait, so we're here. No, no, so we're there kind of thing.

Yeah, you just proposed the world's smallest amusement park right stand in line for my hydrogen item.

Yeah, you just proposed the world's smallest amusement park right stand in line for my hydrogen item.

What already has an amusement park name the Electron Hydrogen Mountain. Yeah.

What already has an amusement park name the Electron Hydrogen Mountain. Yeah.

I want to ride an electron. I want to get down in there. I want to see what it's like. I want to really understand it so that when we talk about quantum mechanics, I can feel like, oh, yeah, I've been there, I know how that works. That totally makes sense to me.

I want to ride an electron. I want to get down in there. I want to see what it's like. I want to really understand it so that when we talk about quantum mechanics, I can feel like, oh, yeah, I've been there, I know how that works. That totally makes sense to me.

I see, because this idea of like the cat being a dead and alive at the same time ensure the angers box is sort of counterintuitive and it doesn't jive with our experience of the physical world. So you want to be in a world where you can experience the cat being alive and dead at the same time.

I see, because this idea of like the cat being a dead and alive at the same time ensure the angers box is sort of counterintuitive and it doesn't jive with our experience of the physical world. So you want to be in a world where you can experience the cat being alive and dead at the same time.

Yeah, I want to live in that world so I get to it. So that doesn't sound crazy to me when we do these calculations, because currently the way we grapple with quantum mechanics is we just sort of follow the math. We found these rules that apply to quantum mechanics, quantum field theory and quantum mechanics, and we can turn the crank and say, if you do this experiment, this other thing is going to happen. But it's not like you can really understand it. You just sort of follow the math and believe it and say, well, the universe follows this math, so I guess that's correct, and we can test it. We do the experiments, but it's not like it still makes sense to me in any reasonable way.

Yeah, I want to live in that world so I get to it. So that doesn't sound crazy to me when we do these calculations, because currently the way we grapple with quantum mechanics is we just sort of follow the math. We found these rules that apply to quantum mechanics, quantum field theory and quantum mechanics, and we can turn the crank and say, if you do this experiment, this other thing is going to happen. But it's not like you can really understand it. You just sort of follow the math and believe it and say, well, the universe follows this math, so I guess that's correct, and we can test it. We do the experiments, but it's not like it still makes sense to me in any reasonable way.

Right. But I thought you hated cats, Daniel.

Right. But I thought you hated cats, Daniel.

I love cats. It's just that my daughter is allergic.

I love cats. It's just that my daughter is allergic.

All right, Well, let's see how visiting the quantum realm is doing on our Twitter pool.

All right, Well, let's see how visiting the quantum realm is doing on our Twitter pool.

Hold on, all right, right now, visiting quantum realm is in third place.

Hold on, all right, right now, visiting quantum realm is in third place.

Third place? All right, what's the percentage of the response response.

Third place? All right, what's the percentage of the response response.

That eighteen percent of people are into visiting the quantum realm? Currently? Number one is me being intelligent aliens up at thirty six percent, up at Bernie Sanders levels.

That eighteen percent of people are into visiting the quantum realm? Currently? Number one is me being intelligent aliens up at thirty six percent, up at Bernie Sanders levels.

So quantum Realm'm not doing so good on less than twenty five percent. I want to go visit the quantum.

So quantum Realm'm not doing so good on less than twenty five percent. I want to go visit the quantum.

Yeah, quantum rellm is sort of the Tom Styer physics options.

Yeah, quantum rellm is sort of the Tom Styer physics options.

No. All right, well let's get into visiting inside of a black hole and traveling faster than light and talking to aliens. But first let's take a quick break.

No. All right, well let's get into visiting inside of a black hole and traveling faster than light and talking to aliens. But first let's take a quick break.

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All right, Daniel, we are going down through our list of physics adventures that people might choose to go on or not. So the next adventure we have here is seen inside of a black hole Again, Daniel, why would you want to do that?

All right, Daniel, we are going down through our list of physics adventures that people might choose to go on or not. So the next adventure we have here is seen inside of a black hole Again, Daniel, why would you want to do that?

Why wouldn't you want to do that?

Why wouldn't you want to do that?

Oh my gosh, why do I get to come back out? I guess it's my question.

Oh my gosh, why do I get to come back out? I guess it's my question.

Hey, this is a one way fair, Okay. Return trips are not guaranteed.

Hey, this is a one way fair, Okay. Return trips are not guaranteed.

Oh, I see. So maybe we should have a caveat like see inside of a black hole and never leave again, and how that be the last thing you ever see. I think it would probably be less popular.

Oh, I see. So maybe we should have a caveat like see inside of a black hole and never leave again, and how that be the last thing you ever see. I think it would probably be less popular.

No, this is not for trick questions. I guess you know, what's the point of going inside a black hole if you can't then come back out and win five Nobel Prizes because your discovery of quantum graid.

No, this is not for trick questions. I guess you know, what's the point of going inside a black hole if you can't then come back out and win five Nobel Prizes because your discovery of quantum graid.

Tell your friends about it?

Tell your friends about it?

Yeah? Yeah, so I guess return trips should be guaranteed.

Yeah? Yeah, so I guess return trips should be guaranteed.

But so we get to go inside of a black hole, have that experience around, see what the physics are like, and then come back out.

But so we get to go inside of a black hole, have that experience around, see what the physics are like, and then come back out.

Yeah, And to me, that's fascinating because black holes are they're like a hidden, little secret corner of the universe. They hold the answers to some of the deepest questions in physics, but they're frustratingly impossible to penetrate.

Yeah, And to me, that's fascinating because black holes are they're like a hidden, little secret corner of the universe. They hold the answers to some of the deepest questions in physics, but they're frustratingly impossible to penetrate.

Well, it's not like they're hiding it. It's just that inside of a black hole are conditions which sort of like break all of our physics laws, right, and so you want to go in there and see what's going on.

Well, it's not like they're hiding it. It's just that inside of a black hole are conditions which sort of like break all of our physics laws, right, and so you want to go in there and see what's going on.

Yeah, Like, let's say I devised an experiment that would reveal the deepest nature of the universe, all the way down to the smallest elements. And then I locked it in a room and threw away the key, and I said, oh, yeah, the answers they're in there, but nobody can ever go inside. That's basically what's going on with the black hole.

Yeah, Like, let's say I devised an experiment that would reveal the deepest nature of the universe, all the way down to the smallest elements. And then I locked it in a room and threw away the key, and I said, oh, yeah, the answers they're in there, but nobody can ever go inside. That's basically what's going on with the black hole.

You know, Like if you went in there, would you be able to It's not like you would find a paper with the answers to the universe, or it'd be written on the walls of the black hole. It'd be like a whole bunch of crazy stuff going on in there. Would you even like be able to piece it together?

You know, Like if you went in there, would you be able to It's not like you would find a paper with the answers to the universe, or it'd be written on the walls of the black hole. It'd be like a whole bunch of crazy stuff going on in there. Would you even like be able to piece it together?

Yeah, you'd have to do some experiments, but.

Yeah, you'd have to do some experiments, but.

We might have to do some science.

We might have to do some science.

Yeah, just like in our universe. You know, the laws of the universe are not just written on the walls. The physics is an actual job, you know, And so you'd have to do some experiments, but very quickly you could learn some things. For example, you know, we have two different theories of how the universe works, and they disagree deeply about what's happening inside a black hole. For example, most people are probably familiar with the description of the inside of a black hole that comes from Einstein's theory of general relativity that says that there's like a singularity at the heart of a black hole, a point of infinite density. Wouldn't you like to see that? Like, if that's true, if that's real, if Einstein was right, what would that look like? And so if you entered a black hole, you could boom, you'd be there with it. You could hang out with the singularity. You could ask it what it had for lunch.

Yeah, just like in our universe. You know, the laws of the universe are not just written on the walls. The physics is an actual job, you know, And so you'd have to do some experiments, but very quickly you could learn some things. For example, you know, we have two different theories of how the universe works, and they disagree deeply about what's happening inside a black hole. For example, most people are probably familiar with the description of the inside of a black hole that comes from Einstein's theory of general relativity that says that there's like a singularity at the heart of a black hole, a point of infinite density. Wouldn't you like to see that? Like, if that's true, if that's real, if Einstein was right, what would that look like? And so if you entered a black hole, you could boom, you'd be there with it. You could hang out with the singularity. You could ask it what it had for lunch.

Oh, I see, you want to go in there? And actually I go up to the center of it and see it's like, oh, it is a singularity. It's not a little fuzzy blob as quantum mechanics would imply.

Oh, I see, you want to go in there? And actually I go up to the center of it and see it's like, oh, it is a singularity. It's not a little fuzzy blob as quantum mechanics would imply.

If I'm going all the way inside a black hole, I'm not going to be shy to go to the core, you know, I'm going all in.

If I'm going all the way inside a black hole, I'm not going to be shy to go to the core, you know, I'm going all in.

Yeah.

Yeah.

Yeah.

Yeah.

If you're visiting the house of your favorite science fiction and author, you're not just staying in the living room. You're going all the way inside.

If you're visiting the house of your favorite science fiction and author, you're not just staying in the living room. You're going all the way inside.

I'm sleeping in their bed.

I'm sleeping in their bed.

Yeah.

Yeah.

No, exactly. Because quantum mechanics and general relativity, these two pillars of physics, they disagree about what happens when gravity gets really strong and The only place where gravity is strong enough to reveal what actually happens when gravity gets really strong is inside a black hole, which is frustratingly impossible to visit except on the mental journey of this podcast.

No, exactly. Because quantum mechanics and general relativity, these two pillars of physics, they disagree about what happens when gravity gets really strong and The only place where gravity is strong enough to reveal what actually happens when gravity gets really strong is inside a black hole, which is frustratingly impossible to visit except on the mental journey of this podcast.

Well, I guess my question is so, I guess it would tell you whether general relativity or quantum mechanics is right or whether there's something else going on, And you would learn also about quantum gravity right, whether or not it's possible.

Well, I guess my question is so, I guess it would tell you whether general relativity or quantum mechanics is right or whether there's something else going on, And you would learn also about quantum gravity right, whether or not it's possible.

Yeah, we think that probably gravity is a quantum theory, but you know, we don't know is gravity a force that transmits quantum particles and we can't tell because it's so weak that we can't see those particles, or is it not? Is it just a curature of space and time? And you quantize it by quantizing space itself like making little space pixels, And so we could see that if we were near enough the center of a black hole to understand, like, you know, is general relativity correct and space itself is quantized? Can we see gravitons inside the black hole?

Yeah, we think that probably gravity is a quantum theory, but you know, we don't know is gravity a force that transmits quantum particles and we can't tell because it's so weak that we can't see those particles, or is it not? Is it just a curature of space and time? And you quantize it by quantizing space itself like making little space pixels, And so we could see that if we were near enough the center of a black hole to understand, like, you know, is general relativity correct and space itself is quantized? Can we see gravitons inside the black hole?

Like?

Like?

People have been looking for theories of quantum gravity that actually work for since we've had quantum mechanics and since we've had gravity it's been about one hundred years, which is a long time. In physics, you.

People have been looking for theories of quantum gravity that actually work for since we've had quantum mechanics and since we've had gravity it's been about one hundred years, which is a long time. In physics, you.

Don't just want to go in there and experience it yourself. You want to go in there with a whole like lab and grad students and like instruments.

Don't just want to go in there and experience it yourself. You want to go in there with a whole like lab and grad students and like instruments.

I want to build a lab inside a black hole. Yeah, I want that is my lab. You know, like at the particle collider, we have created on purpose conditions that don't exist anywhere else, smashing particles together a very high energy, because those are the conditions that are going to reveal the secrets of the universe. And so a black hole is like that to the bagillianth power. And so yeah, that's where you see what's right and what's wrong.

I want to build a lab inside a black hole. Yeah, I want that is my lab. You know, like at the particle collider, we have created on purpose conditions that don't exist anywhere else, smashing particles together a very high energy, because those are the conditions that are going to reveal the secrets of the universe. And so a black hole is like that to the bagillianth power. And so yeah, that's where you see what's right and what's wrong.

I guess the question is how could you even do it? Because if you try to get near a black hole you kind of get shredded to pieces. Right, So is this even possible or is this totally wishable thinking?

I guess the question is how could you even do it? Because if you try to get near a black hole you kind of get shredded to pieces. Right, So is this even possible or is this totally wishable thinking?

I think it's pretty much totally impossible. I mean we if you get anywhere near a black hole, then the tidal forces will tear you apart because gravity is so strong, but its strength depends on the distance. And so when you get close to a black hole, gravity is tugging on your feet much more strongly, for example, than it's tugging on your head, which means that it's literally pulling your head off of your body. And that's not a good thing.

I think it's pretty much totally impossible. I mean we if you get anywhere near a black hole, then the tidal forces will tear you apart because gravity is so strong, but its strength depends on the distance. And so when you get close to a black hole, gravity is tugging on your feet much more strongly, for example, than it's tugging on your head, which means that it's literally pulling your head off of your body. And that's not a good thing.

I frown upon that kind of thing happening to me.

I frown upon that kind of thing happening to me.

And the closer you get to the black hole, the stronger that effect is. So anything that gets near the black hole just gets shredded. And then of course if you actually do somehow arrive at the event horizon, you're just going to be squished by the incredible forces. You know, But we did, I mean, I want to leave a thread, a tendril possibility here. We did once talk about whether you could destroy black holes, and there was this idea that if you like, added enough spin to the black hole, you might delete the event horizon while leaving the singularity in there. And that's not going inside it, but it's sort of like exposing opening.

And the closer you get to the black hole, the stronger that effect is. So anything that gets near the black hole just gets shredded. And then of course if you actually do somehow arrive at the event horizon, you're just going to be squished by the incredible forces. You know, But we did, I mean, I want to leave a thread, a tendril possibility here. We did once talk about whether you could destroy black holes, and there was this idea that if you like, added enough spin to the black hole, you might delete the event horizon while leaving the singularity in there. And that's not going inside it, but it's sort of like exposing opening.

It, opening a window into a black hole.

It, opening a window into a black hole.

Yeah, so that could be fascinating, but that wouldn't really be a black hole. You'd be deleting the event horizon and revealing a naked Singularity, which would be awesome and fun and probably really dangerous, but not technically going inside a black hole. So this one's on the wish list, but the probably not ever actually possible list.

Yeah, so that could be fascinating, but that wouldn't really be a black hole. You'd be deleting the event horizon and revealing a naked Singularity, which would be awesome and fun and probably really dangerous, but not technically going inside a black hole. So this one's on the wish list, but the probably not ever actually possible list.

Well, let's see how going inside of a black hole is doing on our Twitter poll. It says the inside of a black Hole is at seventeen percent of a respondence, So seventeen percent of people are picking going inside of a black hole. Also not doing so well.

Well, let's see how going inside of a black hole is doing on our Twitter poll. It says the inside of a black Hole is at seventeen percent of a respondence, So seventeen percent of people are picking going inside of a black hole. Also not doing so well.

Not doing so well. It's surged ahead of quantum realm by points since we last talked about it. Maybe people are listening to the podcast through time traveling.

Not doing so well. It's surged ahead of quantum realm by points since we last talked about it. Maybe people are listening to the podcast through time traveling.

Maybe they're inside of black hole and they get to do it early want.

Maybe they're inside of black hole and they get to do it early want.

Exactly because you know an interstellar when you go inside a black hole, time is a dimension you can talk to your children from beyond the grave dot dot dot dot dot nonsense.

Exactly because you know an interstellar when you go inside a black hole, time is a dimension you can talk to your children from beyond the grave dot dot dot dot dot nonsense.

Well, so far we have three hundred and forty four votes, which is a lot for she's having posted it a few minutes ago. And again a reminder, if you're listening to this podcast, the poll is probably still open, and so you can go check it out and place your vote.

Well, so far we have three hundred and forty four votes, which is a lot for she's having posted it a few minutes ago. And again a reminder, if you're listening to this podcast, the poll is probably still open, and so you can go check it out and place your vote.

You can sway the results because you know one of these things, Jorge will actually fund this to happen, depending on what it wins.

You can sway the results because you know one of these things, Jorge will actually fund this to happen, depending on what it wins.

I will, I will actually do it, and this will be the last episode of Daniel and Jorge explaining the farewell tour. All right, Well, the third option in our poll is to travel faster than light, and so we had a visiting the quantum realm, seeing out of a black hole and going faster than light. And this one's doing pretty good on the pool. A lot of people are picking this one.

I will, I will actually do it, and this will be the last episode of Daniel and Jorge explaining the farewell tour. All right, Well, the third option in our poll is to travel faster than light, and so we had a visiting the quantum realm, seeing out of a black hole and going faster than light. And this one's doing pretty good on the pool. A lot of people are picking this one.

And you know, this one surprises me a little bit because to me, this one is the least appealing.

And you know, this one surprises me a little bit because to me, this one is the least appealing.

Really, I mean, this is my favorite, this is your favorite? Okay, well, I would be picking.

Really, I mean, this is my favorite, this is your favorite? Okay, well, I would be picking.

This around on you. Why do you want to go faster than the speed of light? Is it because you want to make moosh noises and say warp speed nine?

This around on you. Why do you want to go faster than the speed of light? Is it because you want to make moosh noises and say warp speed nine?

Make it so? Well? I guess you know. It goes to that, you know, desire to travel and visit other planets, you know, like right now, the problem is that everything's too far away, right and so it'd be cool to like, you know, get on a spaceship, fly out out of the galaxy and look at the Milky Way.

Make it so? Well? I guess you know. It goes to that, you know, desire to travel and visit other planets, you know, like right now, the problem is that everything's too far away, right and so it'd be cool to like, you know, get on a spaceship, fly out out of the galaxy and look at the Milky Way.

So is it that you want to get places that you can't get right now because of the speed limit, or you actually want to have the experience of going faster than the speed of light. Would you prefer a wormhole or FTL travel?

So is it that you want to get places that you can't get right now because of the speed limit, or you actually want to have the experience of going faster than the speed of light. Would you prefer a wormhole or FTL travel?

I really just want to travel places, and so if you have a wormhole, sure I'll take that. But also travel fast thing faster than light just sounds cooler, you know.

I really just want to travel places, and so if you have a wormhole, sure I'll take that. But also travel fast thing faster than light just sounds cooler, you know.

I think a lot of people reacted to that. It just sounds cool, like they want to see what it feels like, and it feels illegal and super zoomy, and so they want to go out there and you know, stick their head out the window while going faster speed of light and see what it feels like.

I think a lot of people reacted to that. It just sounds cool, like they want to see what it feels like, and it feels illegal and super zoomy, and so they want to go out there and you know, stick their head out the window while going faster speed of light and see what it feels like.

Probably as good as going into a black hole.

Probably as good as going into a black hole.

I imagine, probably hands in the vehicle. People keep your hands in the vehicle.

I imagine, probably hands in the vehicle. People keep your hands in the vehicle.

So you think there's something illicit about going faster than light like that appeals to people.

So you think there's something illicit about going faster than light like that appeals to people.

Yeah, I guess it sounds exciting, but I can't really imagine what they would be that exciting, because you know, traveling really fast in a airplane does feel that exciting. You know, it feels kind of boring. I've flown at six hundred miles an hour from here to Hong Kong or whatever. It's not super exciting unless sticking my head out the window and going we.

Yeah, I guess it sounds exciting, but I can't really imagine what they would be that exciting, because you know, traveling really fast in a airplane does feel that exciting. You know, it feels kind of boring. I've flown at six hundred miles an hour from here to Hong Kong or whatever. It's not super exciting unless sticking my head out the window and going we.

But imagine where you would be. You know, if you could travel to Hong Kong and in less than a second, that would be kind of cool. Oh yeah, I mean not right now, maybe.

But imagine where you would be. You know, if you could travel to Hong Kong and in less than a second, that would be kind of cool. Oh yeah, I mean not right now, maybe.

But totally. If the question was would you like to teleport to an arbitrary place in the universe? Totally I would do that this second. And I got a list of places I want to go, right, But do I really want to go there at some super high speed? I don't even go skiing. I'm not like a fast driver. I'm not that in this speed.

But totally. If the question was would you like to teleport to an arbitrary place in the universe? Totally I would do that this second. And I got a list of places I want to go, right, But do I really want to go there at some super high speed? I don't even go skiing. I'm not like a fast driver. I'm not that in this speed.

You're like, whoa, whoa, whoa slow down? Would you even want to go that fast? I don't when you want to go at the speed of light, why would you want to go faster than this speed of light?

You're like, whoa, whoa, whoa slow down? Would you even want to go that fast? I don't when you want to go at the speed of light, why would you want to go faster than this speed of light?

Exactly? And you know I don't like roller coasters, and so I guess that's what this one doesn't appeal to me from the sort of adventure excitement point of view either.

Exactly? And you know I don't like roller coasters, and so I guess that's what this one doesn't appeal to me from the sort of adventure excitement point of view either.

But you would want to travel to another star if it was convenient and easy?

But you would want to travel to another star if it was convenient and easy?

Sure, I want to go visit other stars. I want to go see what other planets. You're like, I want to walk on the surface of other planets. And moons.

Sure, I want to go visit other stars. I want to go see what other planets. You're like, I want to walk on the surface of other planets. And moons.

I want you just want to see it on your TV, not actually go there.

I want you just want to see it on your TV, not actually go there.

I want other people to figure out how to get there, figure it out, make it safe, and then yeah, I want to teleport there while eating snacks.

I want other people to figure out how to get there, figure it out, make it safe, and then yeah, I want to teleport there while eating snacks.

But I guess my question is, you know, you're going faster than light, which the universe says is impossible. So would weird things happen to you while you're sitting on that plane going faster than light, Like would time go backwards maybe? Or would things just go all wonky and break the universe?

But I guess my question is, you know, you're going faster than light, which the universe says is impossible. So would weird things happen to you while you're sitting on that plane going faster than light, Like would time go backwards maybe? Or would things just go all wonky and break the universe?

So that I think is the interesting bit, right, It's not the excitement is seeing the needle going all the way to three hundred million meters per second. It's I guess the excitement is seeing what breaks. And you're right, you can't go faster than the speed of light according to our understanding of the laws of physics. And you know, people say, oh, time would go backwards and stuff. That's just sort of nonsense. It's another way of saying you can't do it because nonsensical stuff would happen if you tried. This is one reason why you can't do it, because it would require you know, things that don't make sense. To happen.

So that I think is the interesting bit, right, It's not the excitement is seeing the needle going all the way to three hundred million meters per second. It's I guess the excitement is seeing what breaks. And you're right, you can't go faster than the speed of light according to our understanding of the laws of physics. And you know, people say, oh, time would go backwards and stuff. That's just sort of nonsense. It's another way of saying you can't do it because nonsensical stuff would happen if you tried. This is one reason why you can't do it, because it would require you know, things that don't make sense. To happen.

So what do you think would happen? Would would time go backwards inside of a like I would get on the plane and then I would get there, and it was before I got on the plane. I think weird.

So what do you think would happen? Would would time go backwards inside of a like I would get on the plane and then I would get there, and it was before I got on the plane. I think weird.

I think the simulation that is our universe would crash and somebody would have to restart it.

I think the simulation that is our universe would crash and somebody would have to restart it.

Or would I d age? Like, would I the time run backwards inside of that airplane and then I would get off younger?

Or would I d age? Like, would I the time run backwards inside of that airplane and then I would get off younger?

Well, you know, if you extend our understanding of special relativity, time always moves forward for you, and your clocks change based on other people's observations of your speed. So if you're moving fast than the speed of light, then I would look at your clock and it would look like it was running backwards to me, but to you, time would be moving forward. So if I'm looking at your spaceship, you would be deaging, I guess on the spaceship, but to you, time is always just moving forward at one second per second.

Well, you know, if you extend our understanding of special relativity, time always moves forward for you, and your clocks change based on other people's observations of your speed. So if you're moving fast than the speed of light, then I would look at your clock and it would look like it was running backwards to me, but to you, time would be moving forward. So if I'm looking at your spaceship, you would be deaging, I guess on the spaceship, but to you, time is always just moving forward at one second per second.

So it sounds like weird stuff would happen, But it's also impossible.

So it sounds like weird stuff would happen, But it's also impossible.

You're saying, I think it's totally impossible, So that part doesn't excite me too much. But I guess you know, if somebody said, all right, I've built this machine can take you fasten the speed of light. It actually does work, then yeah, you know what I would get in it?

You're saying, I think it's totally impossible, So that part doesn't excite me too much. But I guess you know, if somebody said, all right, I've built this machine can take you fasten the speed of light. It actually does work, then yeah, you know what I would get in it?

And I would go on turning it on. Let's see what happens.

And I would go on turning it on. Let's see what happens.

I would like to know what it's like to go fast than the speed of light. All right, I've changed my mind. It is exciting.

I would like to know what it's like to go fast than the speed of light. All right, I've changed my mind. It is exciting.

Well, a lot of people need to agree. It's it's pretty popular in our pool right now. A lot of people would choose to go faster than light. And so we have one more scenario here, which is to talk to aliens. And so we'll get into that and we'll see what people think about that. But first, let's take a quick break.

Well, a lot of people need to agree. It's it's pretty popular in our pool right now. A lot of people would choose to go faster than light. And so we have one more scenario here, which is to talk to aliens. And so we'll get into that and we'll see what people think about that. But first, let's take a quick break.

When you pop a piece of cheese into your mouth, or enjoy a rich spoonful of Greek yogurt, you're probably not thinking about the environmental impact of each and every bite. But the people in the dairy industry are us. Dairy has set themselves some ambitious sustainability goals, including being greenhouse gas neutral by twenty to fifty. That's why they're working hard every day to find new ways to reduce waste, conserve natural resources, and drive down greenhouse gas emissions take water. For example, most dairy farms reuse water up to four times the same water cools the milk, cleans equipment, washes the barn, and irrigates the crops. How is US Dairy tackling greenhouse gases. Many farms use anaerobic digestors that turn the methane from maneuver into renewable energy that can power farms, towns, and electric cars. So the next time you grab a slice of pizza or lick an ice cream cone, know that dairy farmers and processors around the country are using the latest practices and innovations to provide the nutrient dense dairy products we love with less of an impact. Visit usdairy dot com slash sustainability to learn more.

When you pop a piece of cheese into your mouth, or enjoy a rich spoonful of Greek yogurt, you're probably not thinking about the environmental impact of each and every bite. But the people in the dairy industry are us. Dairy has set themselves some ambitious sustainability goals, including being greenhouse gas neutral by twenty to fifty. That's why they're working hard every day to find new ways to reduce waste, conserve natural resources, and drive down greenhouse gas emissions take water. For example, most dairy farms reuse water up to four times the same water cools the milk, cleans equipment, washes the barn, and irrigates the crops. How is US Dairy tackling greenhouse gases. Many farms use anaerobic digestors that turn the methane from maneuver into renewable energy that can power farms, towns, and electric cars. So the next time you grab a slice of pizza or lick an ice cream cone, know that dairy farmers and processors around the country are using the latest practices and innovations to provide the nutrient dense dairy products we love with less of an impact. Visit usdairy dot com slash sustainability to learn more.

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