Danggujarra S3 remastered

Natalie and Bullen welcome listeners into the new year and celebrate their first broadcast back in 2022. They chat about the effect of Ex-Cyclone Tiffany on the region and discuss its contribution to the rain and river flow, explaining the formation of tropical cyclones, emphasising environmental signs such as rainbirds and pelicans to predict weather changes. They go over the Walmajurri word term for rain cloud cover, and chat about various signs from nature indicating seasonal changes, like the presence of the Brolgas and the sounds of green frogs. The word of the day Manypu meaning Rain.

Natalie and Bullen chat about significance and terminology of floodwaters in the local Walmajurri language, specifically around the Fitzroy Crossing region, exploring the phenomenon of annual flooding. Natalie explain how recent rain has filled creeks and contributed to rising water levels in key local rivers and streams, such as the Fitzroy River, highlighting the impact of these floodwaters on the environment, filling creeks and creating natural connections throughout the ecosystem. Bullen reminisces about his past, describing how floods used to create isolated areas resembling islands. Natalie discuss safety regarding crocodiles, both freshwater and saltwater types, advising listeners about the presence of crocodiles near the flooded banks and the increased risk of encounters during floods. The word of the day is Warrampa meaning Flood.

Natalie and Bullen discuss clouds, describing the lack of clouds in the sky that day and delve into various Walmajurri terms for clouds and weather phenomena. The word of the day is Ngumurru meaning Cloud.

Natalie and Bullen discuss weather related terminology, including the Walmajurri word for lightning where they explore the nature of lightning, its description, and its impact, including how it can snap trees and conduct electricity. Natalie reflects on a childhood memory where lightinging caused all the power to go out. They also chat about rain and floods throughout the week, including the rise and fall of water levels, floodwater impacts, and signs of impending rain. The word of the day is Pirtpirt meaning Lightning.

Natalie and Bullen chat about the different types of rain, such as light rain, continuous rain with cloud and heavy, discussing their characteristics and cultural relevance. They delve into the meteorological conditions in Fitzroy Crossing, reflecting on personal anecdotes and cultural stories involving rain and its impact on daily life, including how community interactions are influenced by weather shifts and the natural environment. They recollect past events and historical setups of communities regarding how rain and flooding have influenced living arrangements. This includes past experiences of tent communities, known as tent cities, which provided refuge during heavy rain periods, and the communal memories associated with such times. Natalie plays tracks by local bands, particularly a group named Cross Culture, originating from Derby District High School in 1997. The word of the day is Jikjik meaning Light-Rain.

Natalie and Bullen go over the Walmajurri terms for today or now, as well as other time related words including early morning, midday and afternoon. They chat about cultural practices and memories associated with these times, reflecting on routines such as early morning start times for activities like horse mustering. They also discuss various natural phenomena tied to different times of the day, such as animal behaviors at dawn or dusk, offering a nature-oriented framework for understanding how time words apply beyond human activities. The word of the day is Jalarra meaning Now.

Natalie and Bullen continue their chat about time, this time going over Walmajurri terms for the light of dawn, twilight, midday, late afternoon, night time and the middle of the night. They also chat about the humidity and the rising levels of local rivers and creeks, focusing on terms related to the weather. The word of the day is Pirtpirt meaning Lightning.

Natalie and Bullen go over Walmajurri terms for body parts such as head, hair, forehead, eyes, ears, nose and mouth. The word of the day is Jurlu meaning Head.

Natalie and Bullen continue their discussion of body parts, going over the Walmajurri terms for armpit, arms, hands, shoulders and fingers and skin. Natalie goes in depth about the armpit, discussing its role in the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system and does not have its own pump, thus requiring physical movement to function efficiently. Natalie also touches upon practical advice regarding snake bites, highlighting the role of the lymph system in the dissemination of venom and the importance of immobilizing a bitten limb. Natalie also provides significant insight into skin, its structure and function, describing it as the body's largest organ with three layers. The word of the day is Kitikiti meaning Armpit.

Natalie and Bullen continue their conversation about body parts, focusing on the Walmajurri words for brain, heart, stomach, intestines, veins, blood, and bones. The word of the day is Milyily meaning Brain.

Natalie recaps the words of the week, adding the Walmajurri word for hair, sharing fun facts about hair, including the average number of strands people have and her own struggles with hair management in the humid weather. The word of the day is Ral meaning Hair.

Natalie and Bullen go over the Walmajurri term for Belly. They emphasize the cultural and linguistic importance of the "belly" in expressing various emotions and states of being. They discuss the various belly expressions including pregnancy or a pot belly, feeling worried or sick to the stomach, being hungry or angry because of hunger, anxiety in the tummy, and more. These expressions showcase the role of the belly as a center for emotional and physical states. They also discuss historical Aboriginal practice of using traditional medicine and having strong intuitive feelings or premonitions. The word of the day is Munta meaning Belly.

Natalie and Bullen discuss traditional hunting practices, such as the behavior of animals like the goanna, and the best times for hunting. They also delve into historical anecdotes, such as the use of pack mules and medieval labor practices. They chat about the feeling of dizziness and confusion, and the Walmajurri words for connected body parts like the eyes and head, touching on traditional expressions and practices connected to body parts, such as head decorations used in dances and their uses in alleviating headaches. The word of the day is Purramaru meaning Confused.

Natalie and Bullen explore the Walmajurri terms related to taste and speaking, such as talking over others, speaking slowly, refraining from speaking, arguing and being a straight talker. The word of the day is Raapungu meaning Good-Taste.

Natalie and Bullen go over the Walmajurri term for green, reflecting on the lush, post-rain landscape around Fitzroy Crossing, creating a season of abundance benefiting wildlife and making it a good time for hunting due to the increased availability of food. They also chat about traditional activities like goanna hunting during this season. Natalie goes over cane toad identification tips and humane methods for handling this invasive species. The word of the day is Wirral meaning Green.

Natalie and Bullen go over the Walmajurri terms for carry or take, highlighting related terms and the different context they’re used in. Such as to carry on the shoulders, who is taking, to carry in ones arms and to carry something in the mouth. The word of the day is Kangu meaning Take or Carry.

Natalie and Bullen continue their discussing about carrying, focusing on the Walmajurri term for carrying something on one's shoulders. They reminisce about childhood experiences and the changes in how people used to carry items, drawing comparisons to carrying children and old music players like cassette players and gramophones. They also chat about different techniques and ways of carrying objects, such as on shoulders, heads, or by using slings. They also make connections with animals, mentioning how animals like crocodiles and dingoes carry their young, enriching the language learning with examples from nature. The word of the day is Pirlaka meaning to carry on shoulders.

Natalie and Bullen continue their discussing about carrying, this time focusing on expressions related to carrying things in various ways, drawn from their cultural context, recalling traditional ways of carrying small animals using belts and highlighting the significance of water in transporting natural debris, leading to a conversation about floodwaters cleaning up rubbish. They chat about carrying heavy loads, mimicking animals like leopards carrying prey, and the challenges of carrying more than one can handle. Natalie premiers Bullens song, "Stockman's Way of Life," which paints a picture of traditional Stockman life, shared with appreciation for the cultural heritage. The word of the day is Janturla meaning to carry on the side.

Natalie and Bullen recap the words of the week, focusing on the Walmajurri terms for carrying or taking, exploring different forms depending on the subject and context, including methods of carrying, such as on the head, waist, or shoulders, and the cultural practices related to carrying loads or children.

Natalie and Bullen showcase his song The Stockmans Way of Life. They go through the song verse by verse and translate highlighted Walmajurri terms. Bullen shares stories from his life as a Stockman, reflecting on his unique upbringing and education received on the station rather than in a traditional school setting. He paints a vivid picture of the Stockman's way of life, emphasizing the physical challenges and the camaraderie developed through shared hardships like the "dust, heat, and flies." Other aspects of life on cattle stations are discussed, including the processes of herding and caring for cattle, such as carrying young calves because they couldn’t keep up, and the equipment used during cattle herding, like boots and spurs, which were both functional and iconic. The word of the day is Ngarrurta meaning Happy.

Natalie and Bullen continue their deep dive into Bullens song, The Stockmans Way of Life, highlighting the routines and responsibilities of a stockman's life, such as managing horses and cattle. Bullen shares stories of working as a stockman, describing the process of waking up early, gathering horses, and the importance of breakfast prepared by the cook, which typically consists of salt meat and damper. Natalie talks bout bush foods such as bush oranges and bush bananas, which Bullen foldly remembers as a stockman diet during long workdays. The word of the day is Pawamarnu meaning to Call Out.

Natalie and Bullen continue their chat about life as a stockman, with Bullen reminiscing on his past life on cattle stations, bringing to life the dynamics of early morning stock camps, interactions with horses, and the roles within a mustering team. He recalls horses of various colors and markings, discussing their classifications such as black, bay, and chestnut, and their roles in cattle mustering. The word of the day is Kurlukurlu meaning Favour.

Natalie and Bullen go over the Walmjurri terms for sitting, including sitting still, sitting by a fire and sitting quietly. Bullen shares stories from his time working on cattle stations in the Northern Territory, including a recounting of the Tipperary Station. The word of the day is Wurtujkirranu meaning Sit.

Natalie and Bullen continue their chat about life as a stockman including responsibilities such as helping cooks, gathering firewood, and searching for missing horses. They chat about draft horses which were essential for rounding up cattle for branding and earmarking, and were noted for their remarkable calmness and reliability, likened to a climbing frame for kids at one point. They go into traditional cooking methods, particularly ground ovens, which involves cooking in a pit with hot coals, highlighting the stokcamp tradition of roasting ribs over coals without modern wrapping techniques. The word of the day is Kamparnu meaning Cooking.

Natalie and Bullen go over the Walmajurri terms for sitting, cooking, and other daily activities. Bullen shares stories of his mother, and Natalie shares stories about getting tobacco for her grandfather. The word of the day is Kurrmili meaning Sitting Cross Legged.

Natalie talks about strength and power and explores various practical examples where additional effort is needed, such as opening a stuck door, knocking something out of a tree, or using physical force in sports like baseball and tennis. Natalie shares personal stories of her own strength, such as participating in a bronze medallion training during high school and doing physically demanding volunteer work in Guyana. The word of the day is Maya meaning Strength.

Natalie continues to chat about strength and the importance of familial relationships and interpersonal relationships in Aboriginal communities, emphasizing how these connections function within the kinship system. She explains that in Aboriginal culture, familial terms and relationships extend beyond direct descendants, incorporating siblings of grandparents and other extended family members. Natalie reminisces on her own grandmothers, emphasizing their influence on her life. She describes her maternal grandmother, and the practical and financial lessons she imparted, such as saving money and navigating loans. She also fondly remembers her paternal grandmother, who taught her cultural values, language, and her place within the community. The word of the day is Mayapari meaning Strong Person.

Natalie continues to chat about strength and the importance of familial relationships and interpersonal relationships in Aboriginal communities, emphasizing how these connections function within the kinship system. She explains that in Aboriginal culture, familial terms and relationships extend beyond direct descendants, incorporating siblings of grandparents and other extended family members. Natalie reminisces on her own grandmothers, emphasizing their influence on her life. She describes her maternal grandmother, and the practical and financial lessons she imparted, such as saving money and navigating loans. She also fondly remembers her paternal grandmother, who taught her cultural values, language, and her place within the community. The word of the day is Mayapari meaning Strong Person.

Natalie and Bullen explore various cultural and linguistic elements, focusing on a song dedicated to Natalie's grandfather reciting local words that corresponded with the concepts in the song. They chat about the learning experiences and traditions associated with hunting and life in the desert—such as climbing sand dunes, using digging sticks and tracking various animals. They also chat about community life and exploring traditions such as collecting wild fruit like the bush orange, involving practical skills like trekking distances and surviving in the harsh desert environment. The word of the day is Parayanu meaning Climb.

Natalie and Bullen chat about spears and boomerangs, sharing anecdotes about traditional uses of these tools, touching upon the craftsmanship involved, such as the types of wood used for making them. The word of the day is Karli meaning Boomerang.

Natalie and Bullen play the Baya Gawiy Camping Journey song from the Flow Album, a project developed in collaboration with Gillian Howell during a music residency at a local early childhood center, exploring the local landscape and its fauna. The narrative takes participants on an imaginary camping trip, crossing various terrains with activities like clapping to deter mosquitoes, stomping feet to scare snakes, and swishing sticks to clear spiderwebs. The word of the day is Baya Gawiy meaning Freshwater Whipray.

Natalie goes over the Walmajurri words of the week. She plays her father’s hunting song, that relates to the themes of traditional hunting and survival skills, detailing explanations of the practices involved in hunting, like using dog scent training to track Goannas, and capturing and preparing food in traditional ways.

Natalie and Bullen chat about children, reminiscing on traditional games played by children and adults alike, including crafting tin trucks from old cans and playing with them, emphasizing creativity and resourcefulness. They chat about games like spear-throwing practices with blunt spears as a skill development exercise for young boys and a local variant of Blind Man's Bluff. The word of the day is Yapawandi meaning Children.

Natalie and Bullen go over the Walmajurri term for jumping, talking about animals that jump like kangaroos, fleas and ticks, and reminiscing about their own experiences with sports that involve jumping, such as high jump, basketball, and volleyball. The word of the day is Jarntakparnu meaning Jump.

Natalie and Bullen chat nimals, birds, reptiles, and their sounds, delving into the diversity of eggs laid by different species, from birds to reptiles and echidnas, and the different names for these eggs in some Aboriginal languages. They explain that some Walmajurri terms for certain animals are often names after the sound that they make. They chat about the wedge-tail-eagle and the emu along with other Australian species, including interesting facts about their nesting habits and unique attributes, like the carving of emu eggs. The word of the day is Kampiny meaning Egg.

Natalie and Bullen go over the Walmajurri term for lose, exploring the different meanings and contexts of the word in the broader Aboriginal culture, covering losing objects, losing one's temper, and more abstract concepts like losing one’s way or memory. They also chat about cultural protocols around mourning and loss, a significant part of Aboriginal cultural practice, including extended family about a death, observing mourning practices such as not eating red meat for a period, and not saying the deceased's name to avoid calling them back, a sign of respect. The word of the day is Ngangamanu meaning Lose.

Natalie and Bullen go over the Walmajurri terms for being sick, as Natalie shares her family's recent brush with COVID-19, noting the family's isolation period and the symptoms they experienced, such as headaches, dry coughs, shortness of breath, and fatigue. They emphasize the importance of vaccines, saying they don't prevent COVID but lessen its effects. The word of the day is Mimijarti meaning Sick.

Natalie and Bullen chat fishing and fishing lines. Bullen shares stories about his mother and her love of fishing. They discuss several types of fish and the equipment used. The word of the day is Wirliwirli meaning Fishing Line.

Natalie and Bullen go over directions, highlighting the Walmajurri terms for north, south, east and west. They focus on local eastern landmarks such as the Telstra Tower, Garnduwa youth hub, the Brooking Channel, and the historical significance of sites like the old police station and the crossing inn, which were pivotal to the town's history. The word of the day is Kakarrangu meaning to come from the East.

Natalie and Bullen continue to go over directions, highlighting the Walmajurri terms for north, south, east and west. This time they focus on West, and locations west of Fitzroy crossing like Derby and the western side of Alice Springs. Bullen reflects on his experiences as a young man working on cattle stations such as Jubilee and Nerrima, connecting personal history to geographic and cultural landmarks. The word of the day is Karlangu meaning to come from the West.

Natalie and Bullen continue to go over directions, highlighting the Walmajurri terms for north, south, east and west. This time they focus on North, discussing the geographical and cultural significance of terms related to directions in their language, touching upon local geography like behind the station and the nearby hill, Burawa. Natalie and Bullen share stories about childhood experiences playing in caves and roaming the local terrain. They reminisce about exploring without modern conveniences like flashlights. Bullen talks about his personal identity and how he received his nickname, explaining how names and titles fit into the cultural narrative. The word of the day is Kayilungu meaning to come from the North.

Natalie and Bullen continue to go over directions, highlighting the Walmajurri terms for north, south, east and west. This time they focus on South. They chat about penguin species found in Antarctica, listing the eight species, including the Emperor, Chinstrap, and Macaroni penguins. The word of the day is Kurlila meaning South.

Natalie and Bullen celebrate Mothers Day, reflecting on its cultural importance and using this as an opportunity to discuss the significance of mothers in their personal lives and communities. They chat about the kinship system in Aboriginal communities, particularly how skin names are derived from one's mother, and how these names define social roles and relationships within the community. They chat about the Aye-Aye, a nocturnal primate from Madagascar, describing its unique physical characteristics and behaviors. This leads to a broader conversation about nocturnal animals and their adaptations, specifically focusing on how these animals use rods in their eyes to see in dim light. The word of the day is Ngamaji meaning Mother.

Natalie and Bullen discuss communication, especially focusing on leaving messages and the various forms it can take, reflecting on both traditional and modern methods. They explore how messages were traditionally conveyed, such as through smoke signals, message sticks, and even answering machines, contrasting it with contemporary methods like notes on the fridge, texts, voicemails, and emails. The word of the day is Marnurrankanu meaning to leave a message.

Natalie and Bullen go over the Walmajurri term for leaves, touching on the cultural meanings and connotations of colors and feelings associated with words like 'green,' discussing feeling green with envy. Natalie gives a brief lesson on leaves and photosynthesis, explaining how leaves convert light energy into food for plants. The scientific discussion underlines the importance of trees in providing oxygen. The word of the day is Jutal meaning Green Leaf.

Natalie and Bullen recap the words of the week. They discuss the kinship system, skin names and their significance in Aboriginal culture. There are eight skin lines, and they explain the naming conventions for males and females related to their skin names. They highlight how skin names dictate familial connections and relationships, practice pronunciation and share several kinship terms, emphasizing the cultural connectivity within their community.

Natalie and Bullen chat about flowers, mentioning various flowering trees, such as the eucalyptus and acacia, and inquire if listeners have noticed any blooms. Bullen reflects on gathering fresh water prawns, recounting traditional methods used by his family for catching them. He also goes over different techniques for tracking, observing nature, and interacting with community traditions. The word of the day is Partiri meaning Flower.

Natalie and Bullen chat about the inland bloodwood tree, a plant of significant cultural value, discussing its multi-faceted uses, including its importance as a resource for honey, fence posts due to its resistance to termites, and traditional tools used for carrying water or infants. The bloodwood's wood is also regarded for making tools and artifacts like spears and clapping sticks used in cultural practices. The word of the day is Kurntupungu meaning inland Bloodwood Tree.

Natalie and Bullen chat about traditional cooking techniques. They share stories about collecting traditional foods like bush onions and discuss various actions involved in these cultural culinary practices, pointing out their skill by comparing it to gold prospecting techniques. The word of the day is Waapungu meaning Singe.

Natalie and Bullen go over the Walmajurri terms for flying insects, referring to flies or native bees in Australia. The discussion extends to the ecological significance and characteristics of native bees, enlightening listeners about the diversity and ecological roles of these insects. Bullen recounts a story about his family traveling on the Trans-Australia Railway, illustrating past travel challenges and connections to historical infrastructure like the Nullarbor train line. The word of the day is Ngurriny meaning Flying Insects.