A year after Spain and Portugal suffered a massive blackout where millions were left without electricity, internet, or phone service for over 16 hours, energy experts are asking what lesson were learnt from that incident.
There was mixed reaction as to what was behind the blackout with some blaming it on Spain's solar power generation saying it was high. There was intense discussions around the country's transition away from fossil fuelled power and, controversially, nuclear. But then, what are the lessons for African countries looking at alternative energy?
To help us through this discussion, Thami Ngubeni spoke to Prof Vally Padayachee, Power and energy expert and also a former executive manager of Eskom SA and a former senior executive of City Power Johannesburg.

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