Uh, should really get that checked out. Cut me blowing my nose, but keep the yell, keep the yell. It sounds like a wounded elephant. I feel like a wounded elephant. A pollen counting Oregon right now is unbelievable. Um, I just went outside during the break between episode recordings and emptied a magazine from an A R fifteen into a tree. But it does not appear to have solved the problem. So now you gotta gotta get heavier than that many. I should have used the three O eight. You know, that's why they went. That's that's why the armies, the Cali. Yeah you want to up a tree? Yeah, you really want You really want to move close to that thirty caliber range exported to you by six point eight tree killer buster. Yeah, that's three thirty eight lap of a baby. When I was a young man, times like this, right around near the end of the year, my friends and I would go out into the woods and we would shoot down a tree in order to have a bonfire around it. And um, that doesn't really relate to the subject of the episode, but we often smoked cigarettes while doing it. Not interesting, It's kind of like shooting down a tree, isn't it, Because if you're active consumer base, it's a bit like shooting shooting down a tree. Yeah, you just have to hope that they can grow up faster than you can shoot them, which I mean, and it's also what they say about the human race, because one thing you got to give it to us is we bred slightly faster than cigarettes were able to kill us. Once again a win for humanity. Yeah, the Titanic dub so cigarettes did not get to have their real moment in the sun until a few years after the dissolution of American Too Bad Echo, which again the Supreme Court knocks it out in nineteen eleven. Probably somewhere under ten percent of a merit of smokers, and a much smaller portion of the US population um actually smoked cigarettes. So a pretty small fraction of the US adult population is smoking still, even even as successful as our old buddy Duke wasn't getting people to smoke um. But the thing that's going to actually start to change this and and really turn around cigarettes fortunes is the First World War. Now, James, you've been a trench. Yeah, I mean I've been in the company trenches, So that's non professional reasons. Yeah, they're they're trenches are not the cleanest places in the world, especially if it's raining and their muddy. H You wouldn't want to have a pipe in a trench necessarily, Like you could smoke a pipe in a trench, but stuff's gonna get in it. That's kind of gross, right, that's not ideal. And when you know, if you're doing trench stuff, you probably don't have time to sit down and really smoke a cigar. You know, they take a while. Cigarettes are depends on what rank you're at, doesn't it once you write, right, if you're sitting yeah, yeah, yeah, you get up to the field grade officers, they have plenty of time for cigars, and they have clean enough areas for cigarettes, for for pipes. But if you're a working man in the trenches, the best way you have to smoke in between getting murdered by German machine guns is a cigarette. And that's that's really what causes a shipload of people to start adopting cigarettes. That that's what actually makes it a mainstream thing. Is World War One. Now death, it does go well with death, James. Cigarette adoption had crept up only gradually prior to this and it had been met by this a really active anti smoking campaign the whole time. It's kind of noting that the first twenty years of of like the twentieth century, basically from like the late eighteen nineties to like nineteen seventeen nineteen eighteen, there's a very active anti smoking campaign in the United States, and it's powered by a lot of the same voices who are also fighting for prohibition. There were even bands on the public consumption of tobacco in some states. In nineteen ten, a doctor named Charles Peace founded the Non Smokers Protective League, advocating for a public smoking ban in America's largest city. In nineteen thirteen, The New York Times published an op ed opposing the establishment of smoking cars in the subway. Now, these people we now know are right, you know, like cigarettes bad, public smoking bad. But they're not. They're not. Again, there's not strong evidence that proves cigarettes cause cancer at this point. There's not really good scientific studies at this point. These people are just busybodies, right, yeah, yeah, right, they can be right for the wrong reasons. Well, what are the arguments that they Well, I don't like it, yeah, let me let me yet. Chief among the voices of small of non smokers is our old friend of the pod, John Harvey Kellogg, America's. Kellogg's complaint was quote, smoking has become so nearly universal among men, smokers are practically ignored their rights trampled upon. Now that that means that, like, by being around cigarette smoke, you're having your rights trampled upon. And yes, we now know second hand smoke is seriously bad for you at the time we did it. And also, let's be honest here nineteen seventeen, walking around a city that's still filled with horseshit and now leaded gasoline fumes from all of the cars rolling around and industrial smoke from all of the different fucking coal factories and stuff. Cigarettes are not your number one health risk, Yeah, the end of the thing. Number one trampling on your right side. Yeah, it's just not the biggest problem. Look, John Harvey Kellogg, don't give him credit. Yeah, do not give him credit for being on the right side of history with this one. Um, so non smokers. Also, it was not again because there's not greats there are some of these people do are are ahead of their time and are saying like, hey, this stuff is has to be bad for you, and we're going to figure out like the way in which it's killing people later. A lot of them are just angry because they think it's gross, and a huge chunk of them are angry because cigarettes are popular with women, right because women start smoking. That's a big part of the anti smoking campaign. In nineteen o four, New York State passes a law that makes it a crime for women to quote endanger the morals of children by smoking in their presence. A woman named Jenny Lasher was charged and sentenced to jail for violating it. In nineteen o eight, New York City aldermen passed an ordinance restricting public smoking by women. From the Washington Post quote. The Sullivan Ordinance made it illegal for restaurant and bar owners to permit women to smoke in their establishments. The stated rationale from bowty moralist and political chieftain Tim Sullivan was that proper ladies were offended by women smoking, and it certainly wasn't any it's kind of attempt by a man to control women's behavior. Despite the ordinance of short duration, it lasted only two weeks, the sentiment underlying it was held by others as well. Women smoking was viewed by many as taboo, associated with what Amanda Amos and Margarita Haglund have termed lucian libidinous moral behavior. So it is a good band name, and it's it's interesting. One of the things that cigarettes do is they make it. They are a big part of why it starts to become okay for men and women to socialize together who are unmarried, right in a lot of ways. So one of the things that is common prior to cigarettes becoming mainstream, after you have like a big dinner, if you if you have a fancy potty, then after dinner, the men will go to smoke cigars and the women will, you know, go clean up or something. And increasingly in the early twenties, what starts, or in the early nineteen nine hundreds, what starts to happen is after dinner everybody has a cigarette. And women didn't smoke cigars, but cigarettes are new, and so it's not really that weird to a lot of modern people that women would smoke them. And also there's not women's cigarettes, so everyone's smoking the same cigarettes, and increasingly they start doing it in the same places together, unmarried men and women just hanging out and having a smoke and talking. This is a big part of this is kind of in the background of the of the suffrage movement, but it like cigarettes do play a significant role in the increasing acceptance of social equality for women because men and women spend time together to smoke. Yeah, it makes not a non factor. Yeah, definite time period when there's generally is changing gender roles, right with women working in the First World War, and like, well that's yeah, that's another part of it, right, is like women are taking on men's jobs, why wouldn't they be able to smoke? And you know, it's a it's a whole thing. So smokers also started to organize to establish more public smoking places. Tobacco dealers would often back and on local efforts to lobby for smoking cars on trains or to allow the smoking of cigarettes on the rear platform of street cars. Within the military, there were strenuous debates as to whether or not tobacco should be legal for soldiers. In nineteen o seven, the Surgeon General of the Navy had recommended that sailors under twenty one be banned from smoking cigarettes. This was outrageous to the actual men of the Navy, and one enlisted man wrote this in response. If this cigarette recommendation has made the rule and such a thing as ordered, it's gonna put all us young fellows who like them on the beam. It's all right to talk about your cigars and your pipes, but cigarettes are cigarettes. And when and when you once get to liking the little sticks, there's nothing that can take their place, then don't forget that. Life on the ocean with none of your women, folks, your girlfriends around to break the monotony is a lot different from life ashore. And I tell you those dreamsticks help you pass away many and dreary and homestick our just a bunch of navy boys, no women around, sucking down dreamsticks. Dream stakes. Yeah. Direct quote from Jerbine's speech pardnering people with marijuana for dreamsticks. In an unrelated note, I saw a picture of Joe Biden with a quantum computer the other day and it just struck me as the most wrong thing. It's like looking at Winston Churchill with a game boy, Like, No, those aren't supposed to be in the same photograph. Joe Biden should never have lived to see a quantum computer, like seeing a diplodocus tamagotchi hanging out. Yeah, yeah, that's not okay, that's not okay. Um. So opposition to cigarettes in the military disappeared overnight once the United States got into World War One. Much of this had to do with black Jack Pershing, the leader of the American Expeditionary Force, who, when asked what Americans could do to support their soldiers going overseas, gave this reply. You asked me what we need to win this war, I answered, tobacco as much as bullets. Great it is. Yeah, yeah, we've spoken about this before. But the universal true of conflict journalism. If you need something you're not sure that someone's gonna give it to you, you can probably get it by giving someone enough cigarettes. I keep packs on me every time I'm anywhere near because, like, and it's not always just getting something. Some of that is like you meet people and their stand offish because like, I don't know, they're fucking soldiers in a war zone whose daily life involves dealing with horrible trauma, and they don't know you. And then you like bust out some Marboroughs and you sit and smoke for like twenty minutes together, and then they just start talking you know, like that's a thing. They're useful, they're they're a great tool for journalism. Well, they're also in terms of how they're being used. That's not unhealthy by the military because cigarettes spoilers make you worse at everything that is important for soldiers, almost everything. Right, today, US soldiers who smoke score an average of thirty five points lower on PT tests. Cigarette smoking harms your night vision, like it's bad for your performance. Yes, they are bad for your performance in combat. In addition to like people get shot smoking cigarettes cherries. Right, But one thing they do is they are a stress reliever. And we can debate in the long term it's not a great coping strategy, but if your daily job is to get shot at repeatedly, you don't care about the long term. You just would like a moment where things feel okay. Yeah, there is not a long term for a lot of people. No, no, especially not. And the other thing that they do is, as we just talked about, people bond while smoking. It's a part of why men and women. It's a way in which men and women start to bond socially in a way they had not in a long time in Western society and soldiers in the trenches, bond sharing smokes. It is a thing that you do with each other, and you can't Number one, this is a thing I don't think the tobacco industry could have anticipated because it's just a very human thing. And it's also you can't fight this like, there's not there's no nothing to do about it. It's just a thing that people have adopted for themselves in a difficult time. Um. And so this is ah, this is a problem for the anti smoking people. Um. Obviously smoking again very bad, uh for everything else that makes you be a soldier. But soldiers are not thinking about that in the times when they're smoking them. Uh. And in a lot of military planners cases like they're also it's hard to argue even though you've got people who are in the medical profession for the military being like these probably aren't good for people. It's hard to argue that like a guy who you're asking to run in a machine gun nest doesn't deserve to have like a cigarette. Yeah. Um, And you know, if you know America, you know that love for our military is basically the not so secret control level lever for the American mind. So cigarettes had been controversial prior to World War One, but once we start sending men in the field and pershings like we need cigarettes. Organizations that had previously lobbied nationwide for smoking, bands like the y m c A prior to World War One. The y m c A is a massive part of trying to ban public smoking. As soon as the war starts, they start shipping palettes of cigarettes battle fields. It's it's great truth. For so long you can just put the put this support. The troops stank on anything, and people will love it. Here. It's it's interesting. In the cigarette century, Alan Brandt writes, volunteers organized smoke funds to collect donations to assure that the troops had adequate supplies of cigarettes. The Sun Fund amassed a hundred and thirty seven million cigarettes in a two month period. Tobacco may not be a necessity of life in the ordinary sense of the term, explained The New York Times, but it certainly lightens the inevitable hardships of war as nothing else can do. The National Cigarette Service Committee collected the names of soldiers without families to make sure they received cigarettes. Volunteers prepared packages for shipment to the troops under the auspices of groups such as the Army Girls Transport Tobacco Fund. Just that's sweet, Um, yeah, amazing. I'm sure these people are like, we're also like dying of trench foot and would have really appreciated like a new pair of songs. Yes, socks probably also would have gone over well yeah, I don't know. I mean, I assume the military was already attempting to provide those things, Like it is knew that you would provide cigarettes as the military, so in the early days of the war, uh, the US war effort. I should say, the fact that most aid organizations in Europe provided cigarettes to soldiers for a fee, often substantial, regularly made the news back home. Soldiers are like, we're paying as much for a cigarette at the front as we have to pay back at home, Like that's kind of fucked up. Now, donated cigarettes were only able to solve a small portion of this problem. D nine million cigarettes is not a lot, um, if you if you know anything about cigarettes, that's not very many. Sounds like a lot. It is not. Um. A fucking army in the field will smoke through a hundred and thirty nine million cigarettes quicker than they'll go through that many bullets uh donated cigarettes only yet solved a small number of the problems, So the War Department had to make the decision to issue tobacco rations to soldiers starting in May of nineteen eighteen. The New York Times wrote of the decision, quote, a wave of joy swept through the American army today. Uh So it war fever means a temporary end to the anti smoking movement. Many men who had hated cigarettes prior to the war had become addicts. While overseas, right they they you know, they're they're they're big hygiene guys before and then they get shot at and they have a smoke in the fucking trench with their buddy, and then you know, for the rest of their lives they think kindly of cigarettes. Um. And also the fact that the cigarette is now associated with a hard bitten trench fighter means that you can't attack the moral character of smokers. The anti smoking women. They're only smoked by criminals and and and not white people, right, and now they're like, they're they're part of the icon of the heroic soldier. Right. So when in nineteen hundred, again, barely five percent of the country smoked or like nineteen o four something like that. By nineteen forty and again sorry, but in like the start of the nineteen hundreds, about five percent of the country who smokes tobacco smokes. Right, by nineteen forty of the United States adult population smokes on a daily base. Yeah, it is a huge increase. Yeah, that is crazy. Average per consumer consumption escalated to In nineteen hundred, Americans consumed about fifty four cigarettes per person per year. Right, that's the average for the whole population. In nineteen sixty three, Americans consume forty three hundred cigarettes perch is not expecting that that is so many cigarettes. Forty three hundred Jesus Christ, that's quite a few cigarettes. Yeah, yeah, you're ready opting the intake Pokemon car collections now, oh yeah, no, no, a lot of kids are getting a lot of baseball cards. Um. You know, those numbers are drive driven up by all of the eleven year old smoking twelve thousand cigarettes cigarettes at once, just burning through an entire carton in a day. Uh So, this new wave of smokers brought with it changes in American smoking habits, largely driven by R. J. Reynolds, President of the Reynolds Tobacco Company. Richard Joshua Reynolds had been born on July eighteen fifty in Patrick County, Virginia. His father was a tobacco farmer, and as a young man, Reynolds worked for his dad's plantation, which absolutely included a funckload of enslaved people. R J was just fifteen when the Civil War ended, bringing with it the first tiny surgeon cigarette usage. He quickly fell in love with the things, and he turned his father's company into an industry leading producer. And R. J. Reynolds is different from Duke and that Duke when he smoked smoked cigars. Right. He wants to sell cigarettes. He thinks they're a good business. He doesn't understand them, right. He understands how to get people to want to buy something. He's a good marketer. He doesn't really get what people like in a cigarette. There is nothing that R. J. Reynolds loves more than cigarettes. This man like you have never loved a human being in your life the way this man loves the concept of a cigarette. Uh he is. He is such a cigarette lover that he attempts to avoid getting into Duke's tobacco trust. Right, He has his own way he wants to do things. He doesn't want to get involved in this trust. He wants to sell his cigarettes the way he wants to um. He actually gets forced by Duke into the trust because Duke uses shady methods to buy two thirds of Reynolds tobacco stock to force the company into American Tobacco. And despite this, R. J. Reynolds refuses to work with Duke, and he even secretly helps the US government build an antitrust case against American Tobacco. When the Supreme Court broke the trust. Reynolds had one goal to funck over buck Duke in his company. In nineteen thirteen, he created a new cigarette which featured a mix of American and Turkish tobacco to create a blended cigarette. He called this new cigarette the Camel. Oh there it is camel cigarettes. Why did he choose camel because it's Turkish tobacco. Yeah, you know, Turkey camels, two things that are famous, constantly associated with each other. Just imagine how it's better be if he just called it the Turkey the Turkey right, His angry Turkish nationalists love love the fact of those two things that they sound the same I mean he should have called it the Greek and then had just a drawing of the Anatolian Peninsula on it. They'd be banned there to this day. It would have been more war than twenty century Europe. I'm gonna quote now from the cigarette century. To help distinguish it from its competition, Reynolds offered no promotions. Smokers realized that the value was in the cigarettes, and do not expect promotions or coupons, he explained. Against Duke's earlier advertising devoted to these now traditional promotional devices, Reynolds went modern. Reynolds committed unprecedented advertising money to promote this single product, creating a national campaign to make the camel cigarette a truly national brand. In nineteen fourteen, newspapers throughout the country ran add several days in succession that announced simply, the camels are coming. They were followed by a second wave of ads proclaiming tomorrow there will be more in this town than all of Asia and Africa combined. Creating such expectations and their fulfillment would become a central technique of modern consumer advertising. The third ad portraying the camel cigarette package read camel cigarettes are here. This advertising campaign, and here the term campaign appropriately reflects the strategic technique met with unprecedented success. Look at that. Yeahah, smart man. Yeah, it's like an iconic brand, Okay, cigarettes, Like I know, there are many brands that seem to be as icon a cigarette brands, and it's global and yeah, and this is the start of that part of it, right, because cigarettes have started to go viral in this but not necessarily on a brand basis. Right, you do have kind of some of these early brands, but they all like every tobacco company has a bunch of different brands and they sell different ones of different regions. Reynolds is the first guy to be like, no, not only do I want my company to be the biggest, I want this one specific kind of cigarette to be everywhere. So when World War One ended, Campbell accounted for more than thirty pc of the U. S. Cigarette market. Campbell's came into vogue just as a new generation of female smokers came onto the scene. These women had traditionally taken male job had taken traditionally male jobs from men who had left to fight, and after helping to save the U. S. Economy, they didn't take well to the argument that them enjoying a smoke with some sort of sin against femininity from the Washington Post. Cigarette advertising companies, which at the time primarily employed Mabel advertising executives, quickly co opted the ideas of independence that women began to assert at the polls and in the workplace. They targeted women, conveying the notions that women who smoked were independent, attractive, and even athletic. Lucky Strikes nine marketing pitch to women told them to reach for our lucky instead of a suite. The message smoke and you'll be thin. Oh great, there is. Yeah, it's pretty fun Yeah minded how long that would take? And this is number one. One thing that starts to happen in this is a whole new generation of extremely skinny female models starts to become popular because of this Lucky Strike ad campaign they helped to create. Like that that great thing, that whole trend. Yeah image. Now this there's a backlash to this, and there's kind of a war between cigarettes and the candy industry. Um, and it's it's very funny that one of the cigarettes that will come on the market at this time, I think it might be Marlborough's. Uh, they're advertising campaign is to like push back at cammebll by being like, no, cigarettes and candy are both good for you. You You should have your cigarette and your chocolate. They're a healthy treat. But no, the candy industry has to be like the funk are you saying about people not eating candy? Come on, we're not trying to shoot on cigarettes here too. Nice just when they start making candy cigarettes and well, yeah, this is that in this period. One of the interesting things about candy cigarettes when they first get made, they're all made with the brands of real cigarettes. So there will be Camels now not legally, they're all illegal. They're all candy companies using a brand illegally. The cigarette industry makes a concerted decision to never pursue charges over it, to never go after them, because they're like, well, if kids get used to picking up a pack of Camels, that's a win for us. Yeah, Like, there's no downside to us letting them do this. Yeah, it's a wind for everyone. Great. Yeah. Now, one thing that does happen in the post war period is that female smokers are an easier target for anti smoking advocates than soldiers, who are you know, heroic and stuff. When the Eighteenth Amendment gets past banning the sale of alcohol, moral crusaders like evangelist Billy Sunday turned their attention to tobacco, saying in one speech, prohibition is one now for tobacco. The Women's Christian Temperance Union and SHOED issued a pamphlet titled Smoking Next. The first success in this wave of the anti smoking movement came in Utah, which banned the sale, giving away, or other exchange of cigarettes. The bill's advocates included the w C t U and and the Mormon Church, both of which emphasized the moral risks of letting women be seen smoking. Senator Edward Southwick, who wrote the bill, quoted US Surgeon General Hugh Cumming, which was his real name, as saying, if American women generally contract the habit as reports now indicate they are doing, the entire American nation will suffer. The physical tone of the whole nation will be lowered. This is one of the most evil influences in American life today. The habit harms a woman more than it as a man. Great, thanks you yeah. Intellects yeah yeah, real real smart guy, real comer. Hugh Yeah, there were the names he could have been cursed with, which could have been his first name, could have been worse. But yeah, yeah, but we but you know what will make you come, James, Uh, please in lighten me the sponsors of our podcasts, not their products, which are a sexual but the actual people who run in a stock in the companies. Anytime you ask for it, that's good to know. That's that's a promise. Yeah, I don't play that in the old context. But ah, we're back. We're talking about come. You know, every time I talk about come on this show, somebody gets up in the subreddit and they're like, I wish they wouldn't make juvenile jokes aboutcome. It's not very funny. It's exactly be funny to make. Yeah. Look, I am never going to stop making cup jokes aboutcome, and I'm never gonna stop telling people that when Mitch McConnell comes, all that exits his penis is a mix of dry scabs and spider legs. That that well, no juvenile, is still funny. It is. It's funny and true. It's it's actually funny. Yeah, it's true, and he can suss over. We'll take him to court. Shows show us the evidence, Mitch, Yeah, show us the evidence, Mitch, show us the evidence that when you come the dry scabs exiting year Urethra don't make a sound exactly like crabs scuttling on a soap stone bed. Prove it to me. Prove it to me, Mitch. I'm now physically unwell. Would you like a cigarette? Yeah? I think I've been traumatized and level of this girl. I'd like to shorten my life. Yes, well, why don't you reach for a lucky instead of a suite? That will help these day maintain my good as physique. So as we've just come back, the Surgeon General has been like, this is going to lower the moral tone of women. And again, I just so that I'm not mistaken. Cigarettes are bad. Don't smoke them. These people are technically in the right, but they're in the right for the wrong reasons usually, so fuck them. Um. I'm gonna quote again from Alan Brandt here, another supporter of the legislation, noted that the fingers of our girls are being varnished with the stains of those harmful little instruments of destruction, just as earlier opponents of the cigarette had done. Senator Southwick argued that the use of the cigarette violated the liberties of non smokers, which is fair, offended moral sensibilities, which is unfair, and polluted public space, which is we'll call that one mixed. We cannot bring our wives and daughters to the city, he wrote, and cannot come along without encountering tobacco smoke everywhere. Is it that saturates our clothing and nauseates us personal liberty? Ours is as inviolate or as or should be as theirs? Amazing? Like yeah, when like industry is ripping children's arms off that body. Yeah no, And people are just burning pure petroleum jelly in the back of a fucking model t Yeah yeah, just pouring some lead into the reserve lead tank. Yeah again, fucking nineteen twenty two. Your your worst encounter is not going to be with tobacco smoke in the streets of the city. The call burning colonialism. Factory isn't a problem. It's women smoking we need to worry about. Now. By nine sixteen states had banned to restricted cigarette sales and promotion, but none of these restrictions lasted long. The disaster that was prohibition and the growing number of tobacco addicts made the anti smoking cause untenable. A chief issue with the fight to restrict smoking was the fact that it rested mostly on moral panic grounds. Right again, if all of these people are saying smoking is horrible for your health, and sure we shouldn't be doing it, that's one thing. But a lot of them are being like, well, women shouldn't be smoking. It's bad for kids to see it. It's gonna stay in their hands. They don't have at this point, they don't have widely agreed upon medical evidence that smoking is bad for you, And in fact, a lot of doctors will argue that smoking is if not healthy, then not a serious harm. It was not as common in this period for to have doctors be like, smoking clear as your lungs, But most of them tended to be like, well, it's not that bad for you, right, It's you know, it's like it's like it is like eating candy, right, That's that's what They's not like eating candy. Please. I'm not saying that someone's gonna get really angry at me. I'm just saying, if you're a doctor in the twenties, odds are rather than saying smoking is bad for you, saying like, well, it's probably okay to have the occasional cigarette as part of a balanced diet or whatever you know. Right, and again, doctors are heavily debating as the thirties dawn whether or not smoking causes cancer. There were studies by this point that showed a correlation between self reported smoking habits and lung cancer, and by the nineteen twenties rates of lung cancer had started to soar. Given all of this, it might seem easy to of a link between cigarettes and lung cancer, but it's not all. All you've got in the twenties is that there's a correlation between the two. But obviously cigarettes aren't the only thing that's been introduced to modern life in in the early part of the twentieth century. Right, there's cars Now Suddenly people are getting a whole bunch of different medications that didn't used to exist. All sorts of ship is around that just wasn't before. So how do you know, how do you know think about this? How can you prove if you're just a dude and nineteen twenty two, that the thing causing lung cancer and your friends is the cigarette and not the car or the fucking fluorescent light bulbs, right, like, you don't know, there's not there's not evidence at this point you know of this industrial identity, And again, yeah, a lot has changed really quickly. Um, and there's actually there's some surprisingly logical reasons to question the early science. One doctor in critic over fears of cigarette use, one of the guys who's arguing against the people saying that lung cancer and smoking are correlated. One of the things he says is that, like, well, when we get lung cancer patients, they have a lung and one they have a tumor and one lung or the other. Very few of them have tumors in both lungs. But when you smoke, the smoke is drawn into both lungs equally. So if smoking is causing lung cancer, why wouldn't it be causing it in both lungs at the same time. Obviously we know that just that's just the way cancer works, right, Like, but again, based on the knowledge at the time, that's not a bad point to make, right, he's wrong, But you can see how a person who is not like in the pocket of big tobacco could make that mistake. Yeah, Um, his reasoning is not inherently unsound. Right, he's wrong, but but not because he's like again, later all the scientists on the other side of this will be doing something fundamentally dishonest. These are just people trying to understand the human body in a period in which we don't have that much information about it. Um Other scientists would argue that the rise in lung cancer was attributed to the fact that life expectancy had risen a lot in the first quarter of the twentieth century. People were getting more weird cancers, they argued, because people were living longer. Maybe lung cancer has always been normal once you hit a certain age, and we just didn't have that many people reaching it. You know, again, these are not inherently illogical arguments. Now. There were, however, doctors early on who were who figured out what was happening, who knew and who put together that there was a link between smoking and lung cancer, But it took data a long time to catch up with that. For one thing, epidemiology is in its infancy in this period of time, the first small batch studies, and by the late twenties we have studies that show a correlation between smoking and lung cancer, but there's no control group, so all they show it, So there's no group of people who don't smoke to see what their lung cancer rates are, because that's not a normal part of medical science. Yet they're starting to do that. They're figuring out like, oh, yeah, you should have fucking control groups in your medical studies. But it's not the thing that you just do de rigor. At this point in time, it becomes it partly partly as a result of this research, and in fact there's a night teen twenty article in the New England Journal of Medicine in which this that points out, like um, it shows a link between smoking and lung cancer. But it also points out that their study and other similar studies are of little value without similar studies on individuals without cancer without control groups. Right. So part of why that becomes more common in this period is scientists trying to figure out if there's a link between smoking and lung cancer. The scientists who write that nine study, Herbert Lombard and parl During, carried out their own small two persons study with a control group, and this is the first good quality study we have that shows lung cancer. Is it shows a bunch of things. Number One, I shouldn't say shows It suggests a bunch of things. Number One, it suggests that lung cancer is not a contagious disease, which how would you have known that? You know, without psich you don't know that people aren't giving it to each other. Right, But it's not some weird thing that people got when they started walking in the Amazon or whatever. Right, how would you know? Um, they know, they find they or at least the data suggests that it's. Also there's not a correlation between lung cancer and low quality housing, which was another thing people didn't know. It's something about the way we insulate our homes, you know. Uh. They also find out that it's not associated with constipation, which was a thing that some doctor And again we can laugh about that, but how would you know if you didn't do the study? Um? One of the primary like damning thing the study finds is that self reported heavy smokers are twenty seven percent likelier to get lung cancer. This is the first scientifically solid evidence linking cigarettes to lung cancer. Now, two person study with a two person control group. That's not definitive, Right, that's enough to justify further research. Sure, but that's not a huge study. The nineteen thirties are where we're going to see the first attempts on a large scale to document the relationship between cigarettes and cancer. The impetus to this, the impetus for this research actually comes from one of the few industries that can rifle big tobacco for sheer evil, the insurance industry. They are the people who are going to bring because they see this early research in like, wait a second, we're paying a shipload of money out on all these fuckers die in a lung cancer. If cigarettes cause it, we need to be charging people more if they smoke, right, like, they're doing it for evil reasons, but it is important research exactly. So. One of the chief drivers of this is a guy named Frederick Hoffman, who is a student a statician at Prudential, and Hoffman notices in nineteen thirty one that a lot of fucking life insurance policies are being filled for dead lung cancer patients. If smoking was the cause, then again, you're gonna need to restructure the way premiums work. A lot of money is at stake, which is obviously what interest Prudential. They don't care about the cost of human life. So the thing that Hoffman notices is that in nineteen fifteen, the lung cancer rate stands at about point seven people per thousand people, right about point seven people per every thousand and the population are likely to get lung cancer. By nineteen twenty, it's risen to one point one per thousand. It's one point six per thousand by nineteen twenty four, and one point nine per thousand by nineteen twenty eight. That means in thirteen years the rate of lung cancer has nearly tripled. Now Hoffman is not bound by the ethical constraints of a doctor, right, he doesn't have to wait until he has really good data to be like smoking causes lung cancer. He sees this, he puts two and two together, and he becomes the first prominent pig figure to publish a claim that tobacco uses associated with a heightened rate of cancer and early death. And he's doing it again to Warren insurance companies. A new wave of studies follows, and as the nineteen thirties gives away to the forties, the tobacco industry keeps a worried, watchful eye on this emerging science. They also start exploding their advertising budgets in order to kind of make up for the increasing talk in the background about maybe cigarettes aren't so great to look for us. In nineteen eleven, prior to the bust of the American Tobacco Trust, the entire cigarette industry profited about thirteen million dollars a year. By nineteen eighteen, the big five tobacco companies were spending more than thirteen million dollars every year justin ads. In doing so, they helped create the very language of American culture. And I'm gonna quote from a write up in the Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice by Richard Poley. Cigarette sellers were among the most enthusiastic pioneers in the use of network broadcasting for coast to coast advertising. By nineteen thirty American Tobacco, Brown and Williamson, P. Lourellard, and R. J. Reynolds were all buying to network radio time. There has been no greater enthusiast for radio advert broadcast advertising the George W. Hill of the A t C, whose business for the first five months of nineteen thirties surpassed all records. The company sponsors the Lucky Strike Dance Orchestra. In three hour broadcasts each week week. Lucky Strikes sponsored many radio comedies and musical shows, such as Jack Benny and the Kay Kayser College of Music Musical Knowledge, and the best known and longest of running popular musical shows, Lucky Strikes Hit Parade. This show started in nineteen twenty eight and ran into the nineteen fifties on television. It featured teen idol Frank Sinatra when he was launching his career. So popular was this show in nineteen thirty eight that a Sweeps Aches promotion offering free cartoons of Lucky's for the names of the three most popular tunes drew nearly seven million entries per week. The Lucky Strike Hit Parade was the first show to rank popular music releases in an ongoing basis. This is where we get the top forty. The entire structure of the musical industry comes out of Lucky Strikes hit points. Yeah, there's crappy Christmas number one singles, and it seems like podcasts and podcasts we all owe a debt to Lucky Strike every time you mean dick advert just saying well in more ways than what let's let's all give the good folks at lucky strike, a solid go and pick out a pack right now that you don't have to smoke, and give it to a kid. You know they love to smoke. Um, Sophie, what I'm done with my script throwing two ads? Now? I'm throwing two adds Like the good men at R. J. Reynolds and Laura Lard and the other grates of the tobacco industry taught me too, Sophie. I'm i'm I'm to ring our ancestors. We're back to cigarette and we're ready to go. Cigarettes have now just invented the modern music industry. It's lunatics taken over, the asygnum taken over. They felt better and they yeah, that's that is a lucky strike, if you ask me. So. The need to capture smokers young, because market research has shown that people tended to be brand loyal, also helped to create the modern conception of ad demographics. Right, advertisers start learning how to differentiate and split over. You know, the idea that like the eighteen to thirty five males is like the most valuable at that comes out here, right, And it's because like those that's when you gotta get them smoking right earlier possible, yea ideally I like eleven or twelve. They advertise a lot in colleges, and they also it leads tobacco companies to steer more and more towards funding children's entertainment. This starts with the comics pages a syndicated weekly pop collection called Puck is like massive for cigarette ads, but as Pole writes, it quickly expanded beyond that quote. In the nineteen fifties, many brands used cartoon trade characters in their advertising. The ads on Lucky Strikes Hit Parade for a while featured a cute animated character called Scoop, who, through the then impressive technical feat of superimposition, appeared on a screened with the show's star Dorothy Collins. So that's where we get who framed Roger Rabbit? Motherfucker's cigarettes taught us how to do that? Philip Morris's US car, Philip Morris's cartoons when advertising on Philip Morris used cartoons when advertising on I Love Lucy. Laura Lard created TV cartoon ads for Old Gold that featured the voices of their Honeymooners stars Jackie Gleason and Art Carney. This presage to the Winston spots that employed the animated hit characters from The flint Stones, a totally cartoon show they sponsored, whose voices, structure, and sense of humor all imitated The Honeymooners. And I think a lot of people are vaguely aware that The flint Stones used to have cigarette ads. You do that right? No? Oh, that's why it was created. The flint Stones were made as a cigarette ad. Uh. And to get an idea for how blatant this advertising was, you need to see some old episodes of The flint Stones, And I think this one includes a representative scene you should know to understand what's happening on the screen. Right at the start of this, we see Fred and Barney kind of like hanging out in the yard on their asses while their wives are doing like yard work and house chores. So they're like chilling out watching their wives work. Good stuff. Yeah, yeah, let's go around back. Well we can't see him. Do we want to do something? Friends? Okay, I was about taking on that. I got a better idea. Let's take a Winston break from the cigarette that delivers flavored twenty times a pack. The plan mix the big taste difference, and only Winston has it up front where it comes here ahead of the pure white filter. Winston pacts rich tobaccos, specially selected and specially that's a good flavor roil. Yeah, they're still going like cigarette. Uh yeah, that is a lot of cigarette advertising. Yeah. I was at first, I was called by the records of it, but then just a duration of it. Yeah. Wow, they really were committed to selling kids cigarettes. Yeah yeah. Winston also not a great name compared to the Camel Camel marborro ye. Just a dude called Winston with little imagination. Yeah wow, that was amazing. Yeah, it's the best. Yeah, that is like Alex Jones here just transition content ads. Fucking Barney Rubble wants to get your ass into a pack of Winston's. Yeah, it's gonna be doing what is it, sucking silver or whatever. Alex Jons just trying to tell, you know, like colloidal silver to see paste that you can shoot up your ass. I don't know, Yeah, nor do I care. I don't think our listener ship over laps, so no one else knows either. So it's fine. No, our listeners are buying a lot of gold now because of those gold ads running. Oh yeah, well that's good. It's been a success. We have to get him back from the next season. Yeah, we love we love the gold ad people. You know, I'm just gonna I'm gonna do a free ad right now. By gold, it's the cigarettes of currency. Well, actually that's cigarettes. Gold's almost as valuable as cigarettes in a pinch, So pick some up today, smoke it. Why don't you you know what James had an idea, why don't we make a lot of We get cigarettes, grind up gold into them, pour gold flakes into the cigarettes, and then sell them to rich assholes who have taken Yeah, it's definitely this like a thing, isn't it like a vodka rols? Don't think that hash. Yeah, there's a couple of liquors that have it. Yeah, you may not necessarily, but I need to sign so many gold gold unnecessary gold. So you know how there's you know, pour out some gold liquor and uh, yeah, I'm back rapid cigarette. There was no gold, but I've got my glass of lead and I'm good. So during the late forties to the early fifties, the science coming out about cigarettes and cancer starts to look worse and worse. The R. J. Reynolds company launches a new campaign for camel cigarettes and nineteen six centered around the slogan more doctor smoke camels than you have a cigarette. Six years. This is like, this is their main advertising push for six years and dentist and twoth busting which cigarettes amazing? Great? Yeah, absolutely, yes, the cigarette that nine out of ten doctors recommend. Reynolds backs up their claim that's more stick doctors smoke camels than any other cigarette, with surveys that they said had been conducted by quote three leading independent research organizations. Now they don't name these organizations. One representative ad claims that a survey of a hundred and thirteen thousand, five hundred ninety seven doctors from quote every branch of medicine had shown that camels were the brand most often smoked by doctors. That's what you want? Is that the cigarette that your dietrist chooses? Yeah, exactly, Yeah, I want to know. Yeah, No, nobody, nobody knows what you should be smoking better than a fucking proctologist. That that's that. That's that's who's got it down. Yeah, as an obstetrician, my you religious chooses Winston's. Yeah, that would be quite funny, boy, Women seemed to really want a cigarette after giving birth? Probably good for you? Uh so? R J. Reynolds assured customers that this survey, which totally existed, was an actual fact and not a casual claim, and their competitors were all doing the same thing. American Tobacco President President George Washington Hill contracted the legendary ad executive Albert Lasker and tasked him to come up with a reason why customers should smoke his cigarettes. And I want to quote now from a write up in the American Journal of Public Health. With no real scientific evidence to back their claims, American Tobacco insisted that the toasting process that Lucky Strikes Tobacco underwent decreased throat irritation. In fact, Lucky Strikes curing process did not significantly differ from that of other brands. Related campaigns emphasized that Lucky's would help consumers, especially women, their new market stay trimmed since they could reach for a Lucky instead of a suite. Along with these persistent health claims, a typical advertisement from nineteen thirty boldly stated that twenty thousand, six hundred and seventy nine physicians say Lucky They're less irritating. Great now, James, do you want to know how they've gotten the information that Lucky's were seen as less irritating by doctors, They send them a packet of lucky strikes and also did yeah, they're advertising agency Lloyd Thomas and Logan sent cigarette cartons to physicians in nineteen, nineteen seven and ninety eight and then asked them to answer our Lucky strikes cigarettes less irritating the tender throats than other cigarettes, and the doctors were like, yeah, I want more free cigarettes. Sure, yeah, why do I watch this pretty cigarette bok school. I'll take that one, great good. That's how science is done. That is how science is done. Now, touting the toasting process and the accompanying cover letter, advertising executive Thomas Logan pointed out the virtues of lucky strikes and claimed that they had quote heard from a good many people that they could smoke lucky strikes with perfect comfort to their throats. American Tobacco used doctors responses to this survey in order to like push the claim that lucky strikes are less irritating. Um the toasting, as they explained as quote, your throat protection against irritation against coaugh. Thank god, Thank god they figured out toasting, otherwise these cigarettes might really hurt people. Yeah, yeah, you got toast him. That's how he public up the cigarettes, and your toast it. Yeah and yeah, no kinds of for you. Some self self reported adults smoking peaked in the early nineteen fifties at about forty five percent of the population. Big Tobacco's ploy to buy up doctors had worked for a while, but in late nineteen fifty three, the first irrefutable studies linking lung cancer to tobacco use were published. Two tremendous public interest, major peer reviewed journal studies had tied not just cancer, but cardiac disease and serious respiratory illness to smoking. The situation was serious enough that the head executives of the Big five tobacco companies all came together in December of nineteen fifty three to figure out how to respond to this news. They picked the Plaza Hotel in New York City as the place to map out their strategy, and it is possible that no other location in the United States, including the Pentagon, has been used to make plans that ended with a greater death toll. The master of the moment was John W. Hill, president of the biggest PR firm in the country. Hill and Nolton Now. John had been born in Indiana in eighteen ninety. He'd spent most of his early career working as a journalist. He's a journalist for eighteen years, working his way up the ladder to become an editor and a popular columnist. In nineteen twenty seven, he blazed a trail that generations of soulless hacks would follow, and he decided to start a PR firm. By the time nineteen fifty three rolled around, it was the largest PR firm on the planet. Hill was worth the money, and in that hotel conference room he laid out the bones of what would be known as Plan White Coat. The basic idea was to create an industry sponsored research into a think take of scientists, funded by tobacco money but ostensibly independent. This would allow big Tobacco to claim they were taking fears of lung cancer seriously, while also providing them with disinformation to muddy the waters by painting the existing studies is insufficient. I'm going to quote, yeah, it's awesome. It's it's so good, no one's ever done. It's it's it's no one, this is not this is not the thing that's going to end all life on this planet. No, Hell did not just build the apocalypse bomb. Yes, yeah, Jesus Christ. Yeah. Well, they've given us everything from Pokemon cards to time It change. It's incredible. Cigarettes are amazing. Yes, wow, Yeah, something one of the single most important inventions in the history of the planet. Yeah. God, and people die of starvation, you know. And here we are. We've made a cancer stick, and we've we've created new and exciting ways to lie about it. It's amazing. It's so cool. Kind of him. Who, God, what a great product. I'm a quote now from a two thousand twelve article in the American Journal of Public Health. The industry had supported some individual research in recent years, but Hill's proposal offered the potential of a research program that would be controlled by the industry yet promoted as independent. This was a public relations master stroke. Hill understood that simply giving Yeah. Hill understood that simply giving money to scientists through the National Institutes of Health or some other entity, for example, offered little opportunity to shape the public relations environment. However, offering funds directly to university based scientists would enlist their support independence. Moreover, it would have the added benefit of making academic institutions and partners with the tobacco industry in its moment of crisis. Hill and his clients had no interest yeah in a Hill and his clients had no interest in answering a scientific question. Their goal was to maintain vigorous control over the research program to use science in the service of public relations. Although the tobacco executives had proposed forming a Cigarette Information Committee dedicated to defending smoking against the medical findings, He'll argued aggressively for adding research to the committee's title and agenda. It is believed he wrote that the word research is needed in the name to give weight and added credence to the committee's statements. Hill understood that his clients should be viewed as embracing science rather than dismissing it. Now again, Hill's a journalist, right, That's part of how he's able to do this. He understands how to communicat he understands how people read things. Um. One of the first things he emphasized to the industry leaders was that they had to stop competing with each other trying to move cartons by convincing customers that their smokes were more soothing or healthier than the others. This was bad, right, Arguing like Lucky strikes are healthier than Marlborough's is bad for the whole industry, so we have to stop it. The key to surviving, this Hill told them, was collective action, and one that looked like a commitment to public welfare while actually doing everything possible to harm public welfare. The Tobacco Industry Research Committee was formed in nineteen fifty four and announced its existence with full page ads and more than four hundred newspapers. This ad, known as the Frank Statement, claimed that tobacco companies were deeply concerned about the welfare of their customers and would pursue any in to get to the bottom of this whole tobacco equals cancer thing. Quote. We accept an interest in people's health as a basic responsibility paramount to every other consideration in our business. We believe the products we make are not injurious to health. We always have and always will cooperate closely with those whose task it is to safeguard the public health. That's good, great, yeah, sure, very honest, very straightforward. So despite these high minded claims. The t i r c's agenda was laid out by Hill before he consulted a single scientist. The executive director of the organization, W. T. Hoyt, had no scientific background. His previous job had been selling ads for the Saturday Evening Post. Within his first few months of operation, Hot and other executives of the t i r C put out a statement directly responding to studies that purported to show a link between cigarettes and disease. It is an obligation of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee at this time to remind the public of these essential points. One, there is no conclusive scientific proof of a link between smoking and cancer. To medical research points to many possible causes of cancer. And three, the millions of people who derive pleasure and satisfaction from smoking can be reassured that every scientific means will be used to get all the facts as soon as possible. Great, Yeah, it's gonna go well, James, it's gonna go really well. Yeah, I can see this anying. Well. So. The first scientific director appointed to the t i r C was Clarence cook Little, an extremely prominent biologist and geneticists who had become extremely prominent because he was a popular eugenicist. Yeah. Yeah, it's really funny because cook like a little The reason he believes that cigarettes because he's a He truly believes that the people who connected to cancer is wrong because he believes that lung cancer is genetic, so it can't be caused by an environment factor, like in healing cigarettes a year. It's gotta be. It's gotta be something to do with the fact that certain races are more likely to get cancer. Oh god, it is one thing I'll have to you gotta say for a racist, this guy probably killed more white people than any other racist. Yeah, he does drop a lot of white folks accidentally, based well, he drops everyone else too. Yeah, unlike him, cigarettes don't discriminate, yea. Oh god, they would never become a magnet for the shittiest things in humanity. It is incredible, how many terrible Yeah, it's it's amazing. What's gonna happen next? They're gonna like stand with the turfs or something. Cigarettes. We just don't like queer people. I tell you. It's probably in the Harry Potter book somewhere. Yeah. In nineteen fifty four, the T I R. C S budget was around a million dollars, nearly all of which to Hill and Nolton in various ads rather than actual science. B By nineteen sixty three, the t I r C was giving out close to a million dollars in grants. These funded research, actual scientific research, but they picked the kind of research carefully. So we're not going to do research into what causes lung cancer, but we'll do research into how cancer develops over time and how it grows in the body, and ways to fight it and stuff, um, and this is important stuff. So they can keep coming out with these studies funded by TRC money that are real studies, but none of them happened to look into whether or not smoking causes cancer. Right, we can look at how genetics are virology impacts cancer rates, and those are important things to study. But by picking what gets funded specifically, they are very very purposefully putting better air bags and then no brakes model. Yeah. So this strategy worked for decades, distracting the public and lawmakers from any actions that might negatively impact the rate at which people smoked. Key to the success of this program was hills understanding of how journalism worked. From that Journal of Public Health article. Hill understood that the success of any public relations CAN strategy was highly dependent on face to face interpersonal relations with important media outlets. Each time the t i r C issued a press release, the Hill and Nolton organization would initiate a personal contact. The firm systematically documented the courtship of newspapers and magazines where it could urge balance and fairness in the industry. In these entreaties on behalf of the industry, the firm staffers repeated several key themes. First, they would note that the industry completely understood its important public responsibilities. Second, they would affirm that the industry was deeply committed to investigating all of the scientific questions relevant to resolving the controversy. Third, they urged skepticism regarding statistical studies. Finally, they offered members of the media a long list of independent skeptics to consult to ensure balance in their presentations. Responsible for the dozens of direct marketing emails, I guess three single days, Yeah, yea great, right now, I'm personally agree for this. Motphone cigarettes created everything. The primary independent skeptic, of course, was the t I r C. S Little that's the eugenics guy. Given the penchant of the press for controversy and it's often naive notion of balance, these appeals were remarkably successful. Hilla Nolton expertly broadcast their arguments, typically not based on substantial research of any kind, of a small group of skeptics, as if their positions represented a dominant perspective on the medical science of the cigarette. In this sense, the public relations campaign advantaged two critical pieces of mid century media practice. First, journalists favored reporting on controversy. Second, by providing opposing positions as if they were equal, they affirmed their commitment to balance. Yeah, yeah, that's right, baby, that's right baby. Why pace off? Uh huh yeah, No, they've invented both sides. They did invent both sides of it. So they gave us Donald Trump. It's what they gave us, Donald Trump. They gave us climate change denial. Uh. They gave us a lot of the gun industries, tactics, Barry Wise, all of that ship comes from big tobacco, they gave us. They gave us the fucking Iraq war. All of these, all of these strategies are the things that like we're pie like they pioneered all of those strategies and that's where we're going to end for the day. James, Um, yeah, there's yeah, let's stop. So I've become enraged. We will we will talk in more detail about the tobacco industry later. Um, but yeah, this is this is how they like, there's a bigger story and kind of how they kept this up as it became increasingly obvious that cigarettes caused cancer, and like how they advertised to children and like the nineties and stuff and Joe Campbell. There's a story, and like how they tried to destroy the lives of people who blew the whistle on them, like former tobacco employees. Um, we'll talk about all of those one day, but this is this is the story of how tobacco invented everything in the modern world. Yeah. Great, I feel really good about all the things that we've got from it. It's cool that you can tie like Funko pops, climate change, denial, and the Iraq War all to try and to get people to smoke. Yes, yeah, it's really it's really great. And capitism and that's nothing but good. Yeah, pokemon and medical patents all all have cigarettes to think. Yeah, god, yeah, it's just unfathomable. It's terrible, it's freaking awful. Yeah, it's it's the nature of the system we live in. Maybe change it. It's the nature of the system we live in part because of cigarettes. Yeah, very good. Maybe maybe consider a different system. Yeah, maybe consider a system in which it's not possible to do. The good thing is Robert that none of these issues are tied to vaping, which is fine and totally totally normal and good, and therefore you should just get a fruit loop vight. Yeah, get get a flavored vape um, you know, buy some of that. Uh, I don't know what else? What other what drugs do kids like to do today? Get some of Get some of that, Get some of that flavored finnel, tide pods mixture fitnel and your tide pods together, kids have a good one that's doing that on taking the talk right now from what I understand, Yeah, TikTok and everything that. Any further, is there anything like to plug apart from tide pods? Yeah, again, we talked about a podcast. I've written a book. It's called The Popular Front and the ninety six plus Owner Olympics. You can probably find it at the library. Then you won't be helping to create the system which gave us, you know, Pokemon cards and everyone having cancer. Uh and yeah, you can find me on Twitter. It's just my name James, like Bob Stet, like the Beers. Anarchism is the other thing I always like to plug on podcasts. So maybe yeah, read poking and we're doing going nickot happen here at livestream virtual show on October. Yeah, motherfucker's yep. So pick up a pack of Lucky strikes. I want to see all of you beautiful people smoking when we do our live show. Just just really burn them down. Nothing raises the value of a house faster than smoking cigarettes and bring go back to your return to tradition by sticking to cigarettes, you know, smoking them that way. Yeah, smoke your cigarettes the traditional way anyway. Yeah. Buying Behind the Bastards is a production of cool Zone Media. For more from cool Zone Media, visit our website cool zone Media dot com, or check us out on the I Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.