The United Nations (UN) is warning of a sharp global rise in internet shutdowns, describing the spread of digital blackouts as a growing threat to fundamental rights and democratic participation.

UNESCO says 2024 was the worst year on record for government-imposed internet disruptions, with the trend continuing into 2026 amid protests, elections and political unrest. From nationwide blackouts in Iran and Afghanistan to targeted social media bans in South Asia and election-related disruptions across Africa, the UN cautions that cutting connectivity  fuels misinformation, and undermines education, journalism, humanitarian work and economic activity.

For analysis, Lulu Gaboo spoke to Tendai Mbanje from the University of Pretoria's Centre for Human Rights, also an electoral observer with the African Centre for Governance.