A major operation is underway in Orkney, in South Africa's Northwest province, where police and soldiers have intercepted illegal mineworkers emerging from a mine shaft.
Starvation and dehydration forced 565 illegal miners to escape from underground mines with numbers expected to rise.
This mass re-surfacing is linked to law enforcement agencies' efforts to restrict easy access to food and water.
Thami Ngubenu spoke to David Van Wyk, Lead Researcher at Benchmarks Foundation.